Unit 1 Learning about language 精講精練課件

人教版（2019）選擇性必修四Unit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguageBuildupyourvocabularyBuildupyourvocabularyCompletetheconversationusingthewordsfromthetext.A:Personally,IthinkTonyisreallyab_____.I’dlovearobotlikeTonylivingatmyhouse.B:Youdid?Tonywasjustamachine.Yes,maybeClairefellinlovewithhimbecauseofhis

i________andd________,butIdon’tbelieverobotscanfeelemotionsofanykind.That’sthedifferencebetweenthemandus.A:Well,Idisagree.IthinkTonylovedClaire.Rememberhowhehelpedherwhenheknewwhattherudes__________didtoherandwhenshefellofftheladder.B:Yes,butthatwasjustpartofTony’srole.TheThreeLaws!Hecouldnotallowahumanbeingtobehurtphysicallyoremotionally.Sohewatchedherwhensheworkingonthe

s________light,ord________thathedidn’twanttoleaveher.Thatwashowhewasmade!A:Yes,suchashamereally!Isupposethatwasthecompany’sgreatestmistake.Theymadetherobotlooksomuchlikearealman,soitcausedconfusingemotionslikeg________orlovetowardsit.Iftheserobotscometothemarket,Ithinkonlypeoplewithbigs________canaffordone.onusntegrityignityaleswomanuspendedeclareduiltalaryWarm-upReplacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsofsimilar

meaningsfromthetext.Rewritethesentencesifnecessary.Activity11Webelieveheisamanofabsolutehonesty,andtrusthiswordscompletely.2Henrytoldmethathewasinahurryashehadarrangedtoseethedentistat10:00a.m.3Rumoursarelikesharpknives,cuttingone’sself-respectintopieces.Weshouldbeawareofthisandnotspreadunkindnewsaround.4Becauseoftheholiday,thestudentswereallowedtogohomeearly.5Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumedinnocentuntilprovenotherwise.integrityhadanappointmentwithdignityweredismissednotguiltyActivity11Webelieveheisamanofintegrity,andtrusthiswordscompletely.2Henrytoldmethathewasinahurryashehadanappointmentwiththedentistat10:00a.m.3Rumoursarelikesharpknives,cuttingone’sdignityintopieces.Weshouldbeawareofthisandnotspreadunkindnewsaround.4Becauseoftheholiday,thestudentsweredismissedearly.5Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumednotguiltyuntilprovenotherwise.我們相信他是一個(gè)正直的人，并且完全相信他所說的話。亨利跟我說他著急趕時(shí)間，因?yàn)樗衔缡c(diǎn)約了牙醫(yī)。謠言就像鋒利的刀，會(huì)把人的尊嚴(yán)切碎。我們應(yīng)該有所警覺并且不去到處散播不好的事情。因?yàn)榧倨诘搅?，學(xué)生們很早就放學(xué)了。除非被證明有罪，不然不管是誰被指控有罪都不應(yīng)該被假定有罪。Activity15

Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumednotguiltyuntilprovenotherwise.譯文：除非被證明有罪，不然不論是誰被指控有罪都不應(yīng)該被假定有罪。分析：該句由whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句充當(dāng)主語，其中charge作動(dòng)詞，意為

“控告，起訴，指控”。until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，從句主語與主句

主語一致，故省略。且從句主語與謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語

態(tài)。還原從句“untilhe/sheisprovenotherwise(guilty)”。Activity1WhydidClairebegintotrustTony?Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantfactorthathelpsustoearnpeople’strust?TonyalwaystreatedClairewithdignity,andshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrity.Therefore,shebegantotrusthim.Forme,thosewhoarehonestandsincerearemorelikelytowinmytrust.Reviewthetextanddiscussthequestionsingroups.Activity1Whydoyouthinkthoughitwascompletelyinnocent,ClairestillfeltguiltywhenshewasdiscoveredbyGladys?Obviously,Clairewasinnocentofcheatingonherhusband,yetshedidfollowallTony’sinstructionsandtendtorelyonhimemotionally,whichshowedthatherattitudeandfeelingschangedgreatly.Ibelievethat’swhyshefeltguiltysomehow.Reviewthetextanddiscussthequestionsingroups.Matcheachwordwiththeproperdefinitionbelow.Activity21income2fee3fare4payment5salary6bonus7saving8wage()moneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,

bythe

organisationheorsheisworkingfor()moneygivenforworkdone,

goodsreceived,

etc.()moneypaidforworkorservices,

typicallyonadailyorweeklybasis()extraamountofmoneyaddedtosomebody’swagesasarewardfor

hardworkorgoodperformance()moneyreceivedfromwork,investmentsandsoon()moneypaidtoaprofessionalpersonororganisationforadviceor

services()moneypaidforajourneyonpublictransport,

suchasthebus,

train,

ortaxi()moneysavedforaspecialpurpose54861237earningmoneythatapersonearnsfromtheirwork

指薪水、工資、收入incomemoneythataperson,aregion,acountry,etc.earnsfromwork,frominvestingmoney,frombusiness,etc.收入；收益；所得用income還是earnings？earnings表示工作所得的報(bào)酬，不包括非勞動(dòng)所得，例如銀行存款的利息等。income一般看作是可靠的固定收入。earnings指設(shè)法掙得的非固定收入。Activity2近義詞辨析savingsmoneythatyouhavesaved,especiallyinabank,etc.儲(chǔ)蓄金；存款salarymoneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,

bythe

organisationheorsheisworkingfor通常指按月發(fā)放的薪水、薪金wagemoneypaidforworkorservices,

typicallyonadailyorweeklybasis通常指按周領(lǐng)取的工資、工錢paymoneythatemployeesearnfordoingtheirjob指工資、薪水用wage、pay還是salary？pay在這組詞中含義最廣。在工廠等工作的雇員按周領(lǐng)取的工錢用wages。辦公室工作人員、教師、醫(yī)生等專業(yè)人員按月領(lǐng)取的薪金用salary，但通常以年薪表示。dividendanamountoftheprofitsthatacompanypaystopeoplewhoownsharesinthecompany紅利；股息；股利bonusanextraamountofmoneythatisaddedtoapayment,especiallytosb’swagesasareward

獎(jiǎng)金；紅利farethemoneythatyoupaytotravelbybus,plane,taxi,etc.

車費(fèi)；船費(fèi)；飛機(jī)票價(jià)feeanamountofmoneythatyoupayforprofessionaladviceorservices

專業(yè)服務(wù)費(fèi)；咨詢費(fèi)；報(bào)酬chargetheamountofmoneythatsbasksforgoodsandservices

（商品和服務(wù)所需的）要價(jià)，收費(fèi)

fascinating

testout

dismiss

science

fiction

morelike

dignity

intelligentCompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsin

thebox.TheninpairsshareyouropiniononAIdevelopment.Activity3Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityand

____________

inthefuture.Forexample,robotsfirstappearedinsci-finovels,

butnowrobotsoldiershave

alreadybeen

__________

inwar.Robotexpertshavealsobuiltrobotsthatcansee,

talk,

and

dootherthingslikehumans.

Althougharobotthatlooks

__________

ahumanthanamachine

couldmakemanypeopleabituncomfortable,

wehavetoadmitthatitisa

__________possibility.

Sophia,

currentlysaidtobethemostadvancedAIrobotintheworld,isagreat

example.

Shehasbeeninterviewedmanytimes,

appearedonthecoversofmagazines,

andbecomethefirstnon-humanintheworldtobegivencitizenshipbyacountry.

Whenit

comestogames,

2017becameayearinwhichAIdefeatedhumansinsomanygamesthat

AIresearcherssaythatitwillnotbelongbeforeAIcanwinatalmosteverything.Sohavewe

lostthe

__________

ofbeingthemostintelligentcreature?

Maybeinthefuture,

asAIbecomes

evenmore

__________,itwillbecomeamajorthreattohumans.

However,somepeople

__________

thisfear.

TheybelieveifAIcanhandletaskslikecalculatinganddrivingforus,

we

willhavemoretimeforcreating,

thinking,

and“beinghuman”.science

fictiontestedoutmorelikefascinatingdignityintelligentdismissBuildupyourvocabularyReviewusefulstructuresGrammar1

語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。

英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。ThePassiveVoice被動(dòng)語態(tài)2使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是“be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”，語義上主語為動(dòng)

作的承受者或?qū)ο?，主要用于需要?qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者、不必指出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的情

況，或出于語篇銜接連貫的需要。一般來說，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3在“be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，變化規(guī)則與

系動(dòng)詞be相同。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的形式變化列表（以push為例）一般完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在過去將來Iampushed...He/She/Itispushed...We/You/Theyarepushed...I/He/She/Itwaspushed...We/You/Theywerepushed...I/He/She/It/We/You/Theyshall/willbepushed...He/She/Ithasbeenpushed...I/We/You/Theyhavebeenpushed...I/You/He/She/It/We/Theyhadbeenpushed...Iambeingpushed...He/She/Itisbeingpushed...We/You/Theyarebeingpushed...I/He/She/Itwasbeingpushed...We/You/Theywerebeingpushed...使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子，謂語由“was/were+being+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表達(dá)過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的含有被動(dòng)含義的動(dòng)作、行為。如：ThelasttimeIwentbacktomyhometown,abigpowerstationwasbeingbuiltthere.上次我回家鄉(xiāng)時(shí)，那里正在修建一個(gè)大電廠。Shewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman,

anditwasdisturbing.她被一個(gè)看起來很像人的機(jī)器人照顧著，這讓她不安。Scanthereadingtextandfindthesentenceswiththeverbsinthepassivevoice.Thenrewritethesentencesintheactivepassivevoice.1ThehouseholdrobotwasgoingtobetestedoutbyClaire.Clairewasgoingtotestoutthehouseholdrobot.2Therobotwouldn’tallowhertobeharmed.Therobotwouldn’tallowanybodytoharmher.3Shewasbeinglookedafterbyarobot.Arobotwaslookingafterher.4Hewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops.Someonedidn’tallowtherobottoaccompanyhertotheshops.Activity15Shewasbeingtreatedbadly.Thesaleswomanwastreatingherbadly.6Howawfultobediscoveredbyher.HowawfulGladysdiscoveredthatsheandTonywereinarelationship.7Thehousewasbeingcompletelytransformed.Therobotwastransformingthehousecompletely.Whyisthepassivevoiceused?Thepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanactionratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.Itisusedwhenwedon’tknowtheperformer,ortheperformerisunimportant(andthereforeomitted),ortheperformeristobehighlighted(andthereforeplacedtowardtheend).Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Activity21Whatisdonecannot__________.(undo)2Janet__________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould__________tothecakemix.(add)4A3,000-seatvenue_____________________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)5Workingefficiency_________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)6

Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage__________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)7

Itisagreathonourformeto__________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)8

WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman’ssalary_____________________atthemeeting.(discuss)9

WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExamination.Heisexpectedto_________________toatopuniversity.(admit)beundonewaselectedbeaddedwasbuilt/willbebuilthasbeenimprovedisallowedbeinvitedwasbeingdiscussedbeadmittedTranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.Activity21Whatisdonecannotbeundone.

木已成舟。2Janetwaselectedchairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.

珍妮特上個(gè)月當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。3Twohundredgrammesofflourshouldbeaddedtothecakemix.

蛋糕料里需要加入兩百克面粉。4A3,000-seatvenuewasbuilt/willbebuiltforthecircusperformanceinNovember.

一個(gè)擁有三千座位，供馬戲表演使用的場地于十一月建成／將在十一月建成。5Workingefficiencyhasbeenimprovedsincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.

自從采用了新軟件，工作效率就被提升了。6

Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggageisallowedforeacheconomyclasspassenger.

經(jīng)濟(jì)艙的乘客每人僅允許攜帶一件隨身行李。TranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.Activity27

ItisagreathonourformetobeinvitedtoaddressthisinternationalAIconference.

我很榮幸能被邀請?jiān)贏I大會(huì)上發(fā)言。8

WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman’ssalarywasbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.

我進(jìn)會(huì)議室的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)正在討論銷售員的薪水。9

WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExamination.Heisexpectedtobeadmittedtoatopuniversity.

使用轉(zhuǎn)換為盲文的高考試卷，一位高中的視障學(xué)生考取了630分（總分650）。他有望被一所名校錄取。explore

translate

discover

regard

represent

setup

recruit

write

getcaughtup

connectReadtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.Activity3Sciencefiction__________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand______________________.TheThree-BodyProblem,__________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.TheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2006andprintedasathree-volumebookin2008.Whenthefirstvolume________________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,itattractedattentionaroundtheworld,becomingthefirstAsianwinneroftheHugoAwardforBestNovel.Thebook__________manythemessuchasspaceexploration,aliencontact,AI,andthefutureofhumans.isregardedexplored/representedwrittenwastranslatedrepresentsexplore

translate

discover

regard

represent

setup

recruit

write

getcaughtup

connectActivity3TheThree-BodyProblembeginswiththestoriesoftwounrelatedpeople,YeWenjieandWangMiao.Ye__________tojoinasecretprojectinaremoteareaofChina,which______________tocontactalienlifeforms.Intheotherstory,set20yearslater,WangMiao______________inapopularonlinegamecalled“ThreeBody”,inwhichpeopleliveonanunknownplanetwiththreesuns.ButWangdiscoversitismorethanagame—ituncoversagreatdangerthreateninghumanexistence.Howarethesetwopeople’sstories__________?AndhowwilltheirbehaviourchangeEarth’sfutureandthecivilisationsofotherplanets?Answerstoallthesequestionsarewaitingto_____________whenyougoonreading.isrecruitedgetscaughtuphasbeensetupconnectedbediscoveredReadtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.Activity3Afterreadingtheintroduction,whatdoyouknowaboutTheThree-BodyProblem?Theme:______________________________________________________________

Author:_____________________

Whatdoyouthinktheauthor’sintentionofwritingthebook?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Genre:_____________________

sci-finovelspaceexploration,aliencontact,AI,andthefutureofhumansLiuCixinTheauthorintendstotellushowourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedandrepresentedinsciencefiction.rumour

n.

_______________________________presume

vt.&vi.

__________________________

fare

n._______________________________weekly

adj.

_________n.________________ona

...

basis

________________________________calculate

vt._______________________________chairwoman

n._______________________________謠言；傳聞每周的假設(shè)；假定根據(jù)；以……的方式（基準(zhǔn)）計(jì)算；核算；預(yù)測女主席；女董事長；女委員長WordsandPhrases車費(fèi)；船費(fèi)；飛機(jī)票價(jià)周刊gramme

n.

__________________________________

flour

n.__________________________________venue

n.

__________________________________salesman n.__________________________________alien

n.__________________________________

adj.

_