《中西文化比較（英文版）（第2版）》unit 11 The Chinese and Western Society

中西文化比較TheComparisonbetweenChineseandWesternCulture

Unit11TheChineseandWestern

SocietyBackground

ThereisavastdifferencebetweenChineseandWesternsociety.Westernersbelieveinachievingtheirgoalsofsuccessandhappinessthroughself-dedication,whereastheChinesehavebehavioralethicsandaredependentontheirinnerworldandperceptionsofeternalrecurrence.TheWesternapproachistosearchoutsideofoneselfandtheChineseprefertoadoptasystematicapproachandsearchwithinthemselves.TheWesternsocietybelievesinindividualism,whereastheChineseculturehasfaithincollectivismandconnectionswithothers.VocabularyExtensionTextA

Notes1.strata

n.

oneofthepartsorlayersintowhichsomethingisseparatedsingularform:stratumdatum—(pl.)data數(shù)據(jù)memorandum—(pl.)memoranda備忘錄curriculum—(pl.)curricula課程①Wecametoknowthefactfromareportthatdrugshave

penetratedeverystratumofAmericansociety.

從一份報(bào)告中我們得知，毒品已經(jīng)滲透到美國(guó)社會(huì)的

各個(gè)階層。②

Thesamplingwhichhadrooteddowntoapoisonousstratumonthespotofitssowinghadbeentransplantedtoadeepersoil.一株被栽在有毒的土壤中的小樹(shù)被移植到健康、肥沃的土

壤中。TextA

Notes2.gentry

n.

peopleofhighsocialclass,especiallyinthepast①I(mǎi)nancientChinagentryclasspeopleenjoyedhighsocialstatusandcanbe

appointedincivilservicesofthecountry.在古代中國(guó)，士這個(gè)階層的人享有較高的社會(huì)地位，也可以被任命到朝

中任職。②

EastHanDynastymarksanimportantstageofthedevelopmentofthat

PowerfulLordtransformeditselfintoGentry.

豪族向士族的轉(zhuǎn)變是東漢時(shí)期社會(huì)變遷的一個(gè)重要?dú)v史事件。

TextA

Notes3.lineage

n.

themembersofaperson’sfamilywhoaredirectlyrelatedtothatpersonandwholivedalongtimebeforehimorher①ShemarriedanEnglishwhowassaidtobelongtoancientroyallineage.她嫁給了一個(gè)據(jù)說(shuō)擁有皇室血統(tǒng)的英國(guó)人。②WeshouldbeproudofbeingapartofChineselineage.作為中華民族的一份子我們應(yīng)為此感到驕傲自豪。TextA

Notes4.chariot

n.

atwo-wheeledvehiclethatwasinancienttimesforracingandfightingandwaspulledbyahorseorhorses①AsearlyasinXia,ShangandZhoudynasties,thechariotswereusedinwars.戰(zhàn)車早在夏商周時(shí)期就被應(yīng)用到戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上。②IfyouvisittheTerraCottaWarriorsyouwillgetaglimpseofanancientchariot.如果你去參觀兵馬俑，你將會(huì)看到古代戰(zhàn)車的樣子。TextA

Notes5.Neolithic

adj.relatingtotheperiodwhenhumansusedtoolsandweaponsmadeofstoneandhadjustdevelopedfarming①Theneolithic

period

issometimescalledthenew

stoneage.有時(shí)候新石器時(shí)代也被叫做

“thenewstoneage”.②Itisgenerallyrecognizedthattherearethreebasicfeaturesinthenewstone

age.First,peoplebegantomakeandusesharpenedstonetools.Second,

potterywasinvented.Third,theprimitivefarming,animalhusbandryand

handicraftappeared.

一般認(rèn)為新石器時(shí)代有3個(gè)基本特征：1、開(kāi)始制造和使用磨制石器；2、

發(fā)明了陶器；3、出現(xiàn)了原始農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)和手工業(yè)。TextA

Notes6.livelihoodn.(thewaysomeoneearns)themoneypeopleneedtopayforfood,aplacetolive,clothing,etc.①I(mǎi)hopethatwewillliveforaliferatherthanliveforalivelihood.

我希望我們能生活得有滋味，而不是為生計(jì)奔波。②Ifyouknowhowhardhemakeshislivelihood,youwillnotblamehim

forhisdecision.如果你知道他生活得是多么不易，你就不會(huì)責(zé)備他做了那樣的決定了。TextA

Notes7.

constitutionn.

thesetofpoliticalprinciplesbywhichastateororganizationisgovernedespeciallyinrelationtotherightsofthepeopleitgoverns①ThefirstconstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasissuedin

1954.Theconstitutionineffectwasissuedin1982.中國(guó)的第一部憲法是1954年頒布的，現(xiàn)行憲法是1982年頒布的。②Britaindoesnothavewrittenconstitution.英國(guó)沒(méi)有成文的憲法。TextA

Notes8.

obligation

n.

thefactthatyouareobligedtodosomethingobligev.toforcesomeonetodosomething,ortomakeitnecessaryforsomeonetodosomething①I(mǎi)tisyourlegalobligationtomakesurethatyourchildrenreceiveproper

education.確保子女接受適當(dāng)?shù)慕逃悄愕姆ǘx務(wù)。②Thelawobligesadultchildrentoprovidedecentlifefortheirparents，

whiletheelderlyneedscompanyandlovemore.法律規(guī)定成年子女有贍養(yǎng)父母的義務(wù)，而老爸老媽更需要關(guān)愛(ài)和陪伴。TextA

Notes9.economy

n.

thesystemoftradeandindustrybywhichthewealthofacountryismadeandused①Chinahasbecomethesecondlargesteconomyintheworld.中國(guó)已成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。②Tourismasthepillareconomycontributesalottothelocalfinance

bothinHainanandYunnanprovinces.不論在海南還是在云南省，旅游業(yè)都是支柱經(jīng)濟(jì)，為地方財(cái)政做出

了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。TextA

Notes10.ideological

adj.basedonorrelatingtoaparticularsetofideasorbeliefs①Theremustbesomeideologicaldifferencesbetweenpeoplefrom

differentculturalbackgrounds.來(lái)自于不同文化背景的人必然有一些意識(shí)形態(tài)上的差異。②Heneverplayswiththemduetoideologicalreasons.由于意識(shí)形態(tài)的原因，他從來(lái)不與他們玩。TextA

KeySentences1.

Thelawestablishedrequirementsanddeadlinesforattaininguniversaleducationtailoredtolocalconditionsandguaranteedschool-agechildrentherighttoreceiveatleastnineyearsofeducation.tailorto適合①Youcanrestassuredwetailoranyof

ourproductstoyourcompany’sspecificneeds.

請(qǐng)放心，我們可以根據(jù)貴公司的特定需求定制產(chǎn)品。②Whateverpoliciesissuedshouldbetailoredtolocalconditionsandaimtoahealthier

andbetterlifeoftheresidents.不管出臺(tái)什么政策都應(yīng)該適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐那樾?，并且要令?dāng)?shù)氐木用瘾@得更美好、健

康的生活。TextA

KeySentences2.Allmalecitizenswhohavereachedtheageofeighteenhaveanobligation

toenlistinthearmyregardlessofethnicbackground,occupation,familyhistory,religiousbeliefs,oreducation.regardlessof不考慮①Shemarriedaforeignerregardlessofherparents’opposition.②Thenewpolicywasputintoeffectregardlessofseveraldefectsnot

attended.③Thispositionisopentoall,regardlessofgenderandpreviousworking

experience.④Trytoliveahappyliferegardlessofhowstrongthewindisandhow

hardtheotherstreatyou.TextA

KeySentences3.

China,ineveryaspect,isnowmarchinginconfidentstridestowardstheSecondCentenaryGoalofbuildingagreatmodernsocialistcountry.inconfidentstrides邁開(kāi)自信的步伐Onthisspecialoccasion,itismyhonortodeclareonbehalfofthePartyandthepeoplethatthroughthecontinuedeffortsofthewholePartyandtheentirenation,wehaverealizedthefirstcentenarygoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects.ThismeansthatwehavebroughtaboutahistoricresolutiontotheproblemofabsolutepovertyinChina,andwearenowmarchinginconfidentstridestowardthesecondcentenarygoalofbuildingChinaintoagreatmodernsocialistcountryinallrespects.

在這里，我代表黨和人民莊嚴(yán)宣告，經(jīng)過(guò)全黨全國(guó)各族人民持續(xù)奮斗，我們實(shí)現(xiàn)了第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)，在中華大地上全面建成了小康社會(huì)，歷史性地解決了絕對(duì)貧困問(wèn)題，正在意氣風(fēng)發(fā)向著全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)的第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。(選自習(xí)近平在慶祝中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年大會(huì)上的講話）TextAI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.ListsomebasicsocialvaluesinChinesesociety.Harmonymeansproperandbalancedcoordinationbetweenthingsandencompassesrationale,propriety,andcompatibility.Thevalueofharmonyadvocatesharmonybutnotuniformity.IndirectactionisatributetoConfucius,awaytopreserveharmony.Socialharmonyisachievedthroughmoralconducts,controllingemotions,avoidingconflictsevencompetition.Thus,inrelationshipsthingsaresuggested,nottoldstraightaway.Benevolence,thecorevalueofConfucianism,extendsfromtheimportanceoffamilialtiesandbloodconnections.Thisbenevolenceextendstofriendshipsandsocialrelationships,producingafullsetofvaluesthatincludejustice,courtesy,wisdom,honesty,loyalty,self-discipline,andcommitment.TextA2.

WriteashortpassageaboutthesocialstructureinancientChina.

SocialstructurewasveryimportantinancientChina.TheChinesebelievedinstrictsocialgroupsandpeoplewereexpectedtobehaveaccordingtotheirsocialposition.ThesocialclassesofancientChinacanbeclassifiedintofourmajorcategories.ThesewereShi,Nong,Gong,andShang.TextA3.

Whatistherelationshipbetweensocietyandcultureincomposition?

Cultureandsocietyareco-existent.Onedoesnotorcannotexistwithouttheother.Cultureandsocietymayhavesomecommonelementsbutthetwoarenotthesame—theyarenotidentical.Theessentialdifferenceisthatsocietyiscomposedofpeoplewhilecultureconsistsofknowledge,ideas,customs,traditions,folkways,beliefs,skills,institutions,organizations,andartifacts.TextAII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.

hierarchy

Ahierarchyisanorganizationalstructureinwhichitemsarerankedaccordingtolevelsofimportance.Mostgovernments,corporations,andorganizedreligionsarehierarchical.TextA2.ProjectHopeProjectHopeisaChinesepublicserviceprojectstartedonOctober30th,1989.Itaimstobringschoolingintopoverty-strickenruralareasofChinaandtohelpchildrenwhosefamiliesaretoopoortocompleteelementaryschooleducation.TextA3.Shi

ShireferstothegentryscholarsinancientZhouandShangdynasties.Earlierthesewerethepeoplewhowereknownfortheirwarriorskills,butlateron,peoplestartedrecognizingtheirknowledge,scholarship,andadministrationabilities.TextA4.NongNongwascomprisedofthepeasantandfarmers.AlthoughtheydidnotenjoytheprivilegesthattheShiclasswasgiven,farmerswereconsideredasthevaluablemembersofsociety.Thesewerelandholdersandwereresponsibleforproducingfoodandcropsforthemselvesandthesociety.TextA5.GongGongwascomposedofthecraftsmenandartisans.Thiswasalsoawealthyclassbutwasnotconsideredasagoodclassinthesocialstructureandhencewasnotgivenprivilegesandrightsascomparedtothehigherclasses.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)在中國(guó)古代處于重要地位。根據(jù)職業(yè)、住所等不同因素，人們被分至不同的社會(huì)階層。每人的一言一行都要與他們的社會(huì)地位相符。1.SocialstructurewasveryimportantinancientChina.Chinesepeopledividedthemselvesintodifferentsocialclassesaccordingtomanydifferentfactorslikeoccupationsandhabitations.Theywereexpectedtobehaveaccordingtotheirsocialpositions.TextA2.中國(guó)古代的社會(huì)階級(jí)分為四類：士農(nóng)工商。這一等級(jí)劃分按照不同階層的重要性而排列。等級(jí)越高，責(zé)任越大，社會(huì)價(jià)值越大；等級(jí)越低，社會(huì)價(jià)值越小。2.ThesocialclassesofancientChinacanbeclassifiedintofourmajorcategories:Shi,Nong,Gong,andShang.TheChinesesocialhierarchywasdesignedinorderoftheimportanceoftheparticularclassesforthesociety.Thehigherranksexhibitedmoreresponsibilitiesandvaluetowardsthesocietyandthelowerranksexhibitedrelativelylessvaluetowardsthesociety.TextB

Notes1.voluntary

adj.

done,made,orgivenwillingly,withoutbeingforcedorpaidtodoitvolunteern./v.

a

voluntaryworker①OurschoolmadeMarch5asourVoluntaryWorkers’Day.Manystudents

participatedtheactivities.我們學(xué)校把3月5日定為我們自己的自愿者日。很多同學(xué)都參加了活動(dòng)。②IvolunteeredmyselffortheroleofatreeintheplaySnowWhiteandthe

SevenDwarfs.我自告奮勇要在《白雪公主和七個(gè)小矮人》這部劇中扮演一棵樹(shù)。TextB

Notes2.attendancen.

①thefactofgoingsomewhere

suchasachurch,school,etc.

regularly②thenumberofpeoplewhogo

toanevent,meeting,etc.①Hewasfiredbecauseofhispoorattendanceinthelastthreemonths.由于過(guò)去三個(gè)月他很少去上班，所以被辭退了。②Theattendancesatlecturesdroppedsharply,becausemanystudentsfoundit

toodifficultandquittedit.聽(tīng)講座的人數(shù)急劇下降，因?yàn)楹芏嗤瑢W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)課程太難了，就放棄了。TextB

Notes3.compulsory

adj.

somethingmustbedonebecauseofaruleorlaw①I(mǎi)tiscompulsorytoweartheseatbeltwhiledriving

accordingtothe

trafficlaw.Thesignonthehighway“Clickit,orticket”isa

wonderfulwaytoremindthedriverstoabidebythelaw.交通法規(guī)定司機(jī)駕駛汽車時(shí)必須系安全帶。高速公路上的標(biāo)識(shí)

“系好安全帶，否則罰單來(lái)”就能很好地提醒司機(jī)們遵守交通法規(guī)。②HegotallAsforthecompulsorycourses.

所有的必修課他都是優(yōu)秀。

TextB

Notes4.meritocraticadj.relatingtoasocialsysteminwhichpeople’ssuccessorpowerisrelatedtotheirabilities①Wearebuildingamoreopen，moretolerateandmoremeritocraticcompany

culture.

我們正在建設(shè)一種更加開(kāi)放、更加包容、更加唯才是用的企業(yè)文化。②Amodern,

meritocratic

educationsystemneedstobemuchmoreflexibleand

agiletorespondtotheneedsofeverychild.一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的精英教育體系應(yīng)該更加靈活，能應(yīng)對(duì)每個(gè)孩子的需求。TextB

Notes5.all-round

adj.usedtosaythatapersonhasmanydifferenttypesofskillsandabilitiesJane:Howdoyoulikeyourschool?David:Idonotlikeitatall.Jane:Why?David:Bothteachersandstudentsfocusonscorestoomuch,ratherthananall-roundwayofdevelopment.Jane:Pooryou!TextB

Notes6.

cricketn.asportinwhichtwoteamsofelevenplayerstrytogetpointsbyhittingasmall,hardballwithabat,andrunningbetweentwosetsofsmallwoodenposts①TheEnglandcricketteamiscurrentlythefirstpositioninthetournament.

英國(guó)板球隊(duì)目前處于錦標(biāo)賽的第一名的位置。②Heisaprofessionalcricketplayer.

他是一名職業(yè)板球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。TextB

Notes7.rugby

n.asportwheretwoteamstrytoscorepointsbycarryinganovalballacrossaparticularlineorkickingitoverandbetweenanH-shapedsetofposts①Theoldmanstoodonthetouchlinethewholemorningwatchingtheboysplay

rugby.

這位老爺爺整個(gè)上午都站在場(chǎng)邊觀看男孩子們玩橄欖球。②Itisnotacommonpracticeforrugbyplayerstoquestionthereferee’sdecisions.

橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)員通常不會(huì)質(zhì)疑裁判的判決。TextB

Notes8.codify

v.

toarrangesomething,suchaslawsorrules,intoasystem①Aswebuilttheteam,werealizedthatweneedtocodifythecharacteristics

thatwewantedtheteamtoembody.

當(dāng)我們建設(shè)這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的時(shí)候，我們意識(shí)到要將團(tuán)隊(duì)的特色體系化。②Thefirstthingweneedtoknowistocodifyfeasiblebudgetarytargetsfor

thisyear.

我們需要完成的第一件事就是編制可行的本年的預(yù)算目標(biāo)。TextB

Notes9.vein

n.atubethatcarriesbloodtotheheartfromtheotherpartsofthebody①I(mǎi)sawsomebodybuildersonTV,whoaresooverdevelopedthattheveinsin

theirbulgingmusclesareclearlyseen.

我在電視上看到一些健身運(yùn)動(dòng)員，他們練得過(guò)頭了，在高高鼓起的肌肉

下血管清晰可見(jiàn)。②Thewisdomindoingbusinessrunsineveryveinofthisfamily.

做生意的智慧在這個(gè)家族每個(gè)人的身上流淌。TextB

Notes10.tournament

n.

acompetitionforteamsorsingleplayersinwhichaseriesofgamesisplayed,andthewinnersofeachgameplayagainsteachotheruntilonlyonewinnerisleft①Withoutandanxietyandworry,hesaidthatifhewillnotbe

defeatedinthefirstroundofthetournament,hewins.他云淡風(fēng)輕地說(shuō)，只要第一場(chǎng)不被打敗，他就算贏了。②ThefigureskatingtournamentwhichwillstartfromJune6will

beavisualfeast.即將從六月六號(hào)開(kāi)始的花樣滑冰錦標(biāo)賽將是一場(chǎng)視覺(jué)盛宴。

TextB

KeySentences1.Grammarschoolsaregenerallymoreacademic,whilethesecondarymodernschoolsaremorevocational.vocational職業(yè)的①Somestudentssupporttheideathattheyshouldgetsomevocationaleducation

beforegraduatingfromcollege.

②

Somepeoplehavethestereotypethatvocationalschoolsareforthosestudents

whocannotlearnwell.

TextB

KeySentences2.

Itwasherethattheconceptsofsportsmanshipandfairplaywerefirstcodifiedintoclearrulesandregulations.Itwasherethatsportwasincludedasaneducationaltoolintheschoolcurriculum.”.sportsmanship體育精神Sportsmanshipandfairplayhavealwaysbeendevelopedandexpanded.becodifiedinto被編入Thenewgovernmentpromisedtocodifythelaws，whichisquiteinspiring.TextB

KeySentences3.RugbyisplayedthroughouttheUK.AlthoughfootballseemstorunineveryEnglishvein,therearealsoalotofsportsthatflourishintheUK.flourish繁榮，茁壯成長(zhǎng)Jane：Jack,whichseasonisyourfavorite?Jack：Summer.Jane：Whyissummer?Jack：Ilovethescenethatgrassesandflowersare

flourishing.AndIcanhavewatermelonsoften.TextBI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.NamesomecelebritiesinWesternsociety.

TextB2.WriteashortpassageaboutoneortwoWesternhistoricalperiodsthatarefamousforgreatsocialdevelopments.

TheIndustrialRevolutionwasatransformationofhumanlifecircumstancesthatoccurredinthelate18thandearly19thcenturiesinBritain,theUnitedStates,andWesternEuropedueinlargemeasuretoadvancesinthetechnologiesofindustry.Inthe1920s,theUnitedStateswentthroughaperiodofextremesocialchange.Asthepost-WorldWarIeconomyboomed,massconsumerismchangedthewaypeoplelivedandmademanufacturedgoodsavailableacrosstheclasses.Asincomedisparityincreased,thegreatdividebetweentherichandthepoorignitedthelabordebate.TextB3.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternsocialbeliefsandethics?Westernersbelieveinself-dedicationtoachievetheirgoalsofsuccessandhappiness,whereasChinesehavebehavioralethicsandaredependentontheirinnerworldandperceptionsofeternalrecurrence.TheWesternapproachistosearchoutsideofoneselfandtheChineseprefertoadoptasystematicapproachandsearchwithinthemselves.TextBII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.academicallycapable

Academicallycapableisrelatedtostudyingandthinking,notpracticalskills.Ifapersonisacademicallycapable,itmeansthatthepersonisveryquickandableinlearningandfindingwaysinsolvingproblemsrelatedtoacertainfieldoflearning.TextB2.nationalcurriculum

ThenationalCurriculumisthecourseofstudythatmostschoolpupilsinEnglandandWalesaremeanttofollow.Itprovidesaframeworkforeducationandspecifiesthefoundationsubjectsthatschoolsshouldprovideandpupilsareassessedaccordingtospecifiedattainmenttargetsthroughouteachofthekeystages.TextB3.all-roundeducation

All-roundeducationreferstoaneducationsystemthatwillfostercitizenswithanall-roundmoral,intellectual,physical,andaestheticgrounding.Itemphasizeselevatingintellectualgroundingleveltodevelopthecognitiveabilityandstimulatethesenseofinnovationofthestudents.TextB4.vocational

Vocationalisrelatedtoavocationoroccupation.Ifsometrainingisvocational,itmeansthattheprogramorcoursesprovidepracticalknowledgeorexperienceinaparticularoccupationfield,asagriculture,homeeconomics,orindustry.TextB5.thePremierLeague

ThePremierLeagueisaprivatecompanywhollyownedbyits20MemberClubswhomakeuptheLeagueatanyonetime.Eachindividualclubisindependent,workingwithintherulesoffootball,asdefinedbythePremierLeague,TheFA,UEFA,andFIFA,aswellasbeingsubjecttoEnglishandEuropeanlaw.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Fromaculturalandsociologicalapproach,theWesternsocietyisdefinedasincludingallculturesthataredirectlyderivedfromandinfluencedbyEuropeancultures:Europe,America,andOceania.TogetherthesecountriesconstituteWesternsociety.1.從文化和社會(huì)學(xué)角度看，西方社會(huì)指所有源自或受歐洲文化影響的社會(huì)，包括歐洲國(guó)家、美國(guó)和大洋洲國(guó)家。這些國(guó)家共同組成了西方社會(huì)。TextB2.“Meltingpot”meansaplacewherepeoplefrommanydifferentethnicgroupsorculturesformaunitedsociety.TodaytheUnitedStatesofAmericaisanethnicallyandraciallydiversecountryasaresultoflarge-scaleimmigrationfrommanydifferentcountriesthroughoutitshistory.2.

“大熔爐”指由不同種族或文化的人組成的統(tǒng)一社會(huì)。由于其長(zhǎng)期的大規(guī)模移民歷史，現(xiàn)今的美國(guó)是一個(gè)多族裔、多種族的國(guó)家。ExtendedFamilyNuclearFamilyTextCComparison1NationalHigherEducationEntranceExaminationSATSubjectTestsTextCComparison2DouyinDailymotionTextCComparison3FrenchDressingStyleChinaFashionWeekTextCComparison4LatestChineseBuzzwordsWordoftheYearTextCComparison5Case

Study

一次在美國(guó)就醫(yī)的經(jīng)歷小陳在美國(guó)做訪問(wèn)學(xué)者時(shí)，租住在學(xué)校附近的一棟公寓樓里。一天她出門(mén)散步，走到小區(qū)內(nèi)的一處草地的時(shí)候，一條體型較大的狗朝她撲了過(guò)來(lái)，對(duì)她又抓又舔，狗的主人連忙跑過(guò)來(lái)道歉。回到家，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的后背有幾道抓痕，十分緊張，因?yàn)槿绻瑯拥那闆r發(fā)生在國(guó)內(nèi)，她一定會(huì)去醫(yī)院注射狂犬疫苗。Case

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由于不放心，第二天，她還是來(lái)到了診所咨詢?nèi)绾翁幚磉@種情況。護(hù)士給她做了基本的身體情況記錄，然后醫(yī)生才出現(xiàn)，詢問(wèn)了相關(guān)情況。他讓護(hù)士通知?jiǎng)游锕芾聿块T(mén)，然后告訴小陳沒(méi)事兒，可以回家了。小陳反復(fù)詢問(wèn)，真的不用做任何處置或者注射狂犬疫苗嗎？醫(yī)生看她實(shí)在不放心，就斬釘截鐵地對(duì)她說(shuō)：“如果你是我的家人，我也這樣處理?！睙o(wú)奈之下，小陳就這樣回家了。后來(lái)，在小區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)人的幫助下，小陳找到了狗的主人，確認(rèn)狗是定期做免疫的。隨后，動(dòng)物管理部門(mén)來(lái)電告知小陳，該部門(mén)要求狗主人在接下來(lái)的10天內(nèi)讓狗居家隔離，10天后向動(dòng)物管理部門(mén)報(bào)告狗的狀況。狗隔離期滿后，動(dòng)物管理部門(mén)再次來(lái)電通知小陳，狗健康狀況良好，她不必再為此事?lián)牧?。Case

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分析點(diǎn)評(píng)

中美兩國(guó)有不同的醫(yī)療體系，從就醫(yī)到處置，存在不少差異。美國(guó)對(duì)于動(dòng)物的管理十分嚴(yán)格，絕大多數(shù)的寵物都要定期做免疫，所以人們不會(huì)對(duì)類似的情況有緊張情緒。在美國(guó)，給狗注射的狂犬疫苗價(jià)格低廉，狗的主人基本上每年都會(huì)給狗狗注射，但是給人注射的狂犬疫苗卻十分昂貴。Translation

漢譯英

1.中國(guó)城市化中國(guó)城市化將會(huì)充分釋放潛在內(nèi)需。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出，在中國(guó)，幾乎所有的發(fā)展中城市都面臨著城市化的進(jìn)程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高，也為人們提供更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。隨著越來(lái)越多的人向城市遷徙，住房及城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，包括水源和能源的供應(yīng)，將會(huì)成為城市發(fā)展的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。城市化意味著人們能更好地獲取城市的教育和醫(yī)療資源。商品與服務(wù)的自由、快速流通是城市化社會(huì)的一項(xiàng)基本特征。擴(kuò)張的城市需要更多的零售店來(lái)為消費(fèi)者提供服務(wù)。Translation

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1.China’surbanizationwillreleasethefullpotentialofdomesticdemand.Someeconomistspointoutthaturbanizationisaprocessthatisoccurringinnearlyeverydevelopingcityinthecountry.Itwillleadtoabetterqualityoflifeformanypeople,andprovideindividualswithmorejobopportunities.Theconstructionofhousingandcityinfrastructure,includingwaterandenergysupplies,willbeafocalpointofurbandevelopmentasmorepeoplemigratetocities.Urbanizationmeansbetteraccesstoeducationalandmedicalresourcesinthecity.Thefast,freeflowofgoodsandservicesisabasictraitofanurbanizedsociety.Expandingcitiesrequiremoreretailoutletstoservecustomers.1.China’sUrbanizationTranslation

2.家中度假家中度假(staycation)是指一個(gè)人或一家人待在家里休息，或者在離家不遠(yuǎn)的景點(diǎn)游覽的一段時(shí)光。人們?cè)诩抑卸燃俚脑蚝芏?，如家庭預(yù)算緊張，出游成本不斷攀升，或者孩子太小。對(duì)于一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，節(jié)假日期間景區(qū)人山人海，高速公路和城市道路擁堵，是促使他們?cè)诩抑卸燃俚膬蓚€(gè)主要原因。常見(jiàn)的家中度假活動(dòng)包括在家里招待朋友，游覽當(dāng)?shù)氐墓珗@和博物館，或參與當(dāng)?shù)匾恍┕?jié)日活動(dòng)，等等。家中度假也可以豐富多彩，它將成為一種新的度假趨勢(shì)。漢譯英

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Keys

2.Staycation

Astaycationreferstoaperiodinwhichanindividualorafamilystaysathomeforrelaxingortakestripstonearbytouristattractions.Therearevariousreasonsforpeopletotakeastaycation,liketightfamilybudgets,risingtravelcosts,orhavingveryyoungkids.Forsomepeople,overcrowdedtouristsites,congestiononexpressways