《植物病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)》課件-柑橘儲藏期病害雙語

柑橘儲藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod柑橘是目前庫區(qū)主導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，特殊的地理環(huán)境造就了這里獨(dú)特的品質(zhì)和口感。每年柑橘豐收時(shí)，呈現(xiàn)出一片喜人的場景。

Citrusisoneoftheleadingagriculturalindustriesinthereservoirareaatpresent,andthespecialgeographicalenvironmenthascreatedtheuniquequalityandtastehere.Everyyearwhenthecitrusisharvested,therewillbeapleasantscene.然而，在豐收的喜悅背后，往往還隱藏著這樣的辛酸。However,behindthejoyofharvest,thereisoftensuchbitternesshidden.1.引起柑橘儲藏期病害原因

Causesofdiseasesinstorageperiodofcitrus（1）

采前條件對柑橘品質(zhì)和耐藏性的影響Impactofpre-harvestconditionsoncitrusqualityandstorability（2）

病害對柑橘儲藏的影響

Impactofdiseasesoncitrusstorage柑橘儲藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod（1）

采前條件Pre-harvestconditions生態(tài)因素EcologicalfactorsAgricultural農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)因素technologyfactorsWeather采收時(shí)天氣狀況conditionsatharvest采收方法Harvestmethods柑橘儲藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod生態(tài)因素Ecologicalfactors溫度Temperature2)光照Sunshine3)降雨Rainfall4)土壤Soil5)地理?xiàng)l件Geographicalconditions農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)因素Agriculturaltechnologyfactors施肥Fertilization2)灌溉Irrigation3)噴藥Pesticide4)修剪和疏花疏果PruningandFlowerandfruitthinning（1）

采前條件Pre-harvestconditions生態(tài)因素Ecologicalfactors農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)因素technologyfactors采收時(shí)天氣狀況Weatherconditionsatharvest采收方法Harvestmethods柑橘儲藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod在下雨時(shí)、雨后、重霧或露水未干，或久雨后突然放晴的第一天不要采果。否則采收后的柑橘會由于果皮表面潮濕，而加重儲藏性病害的發(fā)生。Donotharvestfruitsonthefirstdaywhenitrains,aftertherain,whenthefogordewisnotdry,orwhenitsuddenlyclearsafterrainingforalongtime.Otherwise,thediseaseofharvestedcitruswillbeaggravatedduetothewetpeelsurface.（1）

采前條件Pre-harvestconditions生態(tài)因素Ecologicalfactors農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)因素technologyfactors采收時(shí)天氣狀況Weatherconditionsatharvest采收方法Harvestmethods柑橘儲藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod1）用于儲藏的果實(shí)不能有任何機(jī)械傷，以免貯藏期的病菌感染。Thefruitsforstorageshallbefreeofanymechanicalinjurytoavoidinfectionbypathogensduringstorage.2）用于盛果的容器表面要光滑，或者軟物墊付。Thesurfaceofthefruitcontainersshallbesmoothorpaddedwithsoftmaterials.3）一株果樹的采果程序：應(yīng)是先外后內(nèi)，先下后上，要求采用專用采果剪。一果兩剪：第一剪果實(shí)帶果梗在約1厘米處剪下，第二剪（復(fù)剪）才齊萼片整齊地剪去果梗。復(fù)剪要求剪口平、光滑，不會有果梗過短，傷及萼片，果梗過長會刺傷它果。Fruit-pickingprocedureforafruittree:Theprocedureshallbefromoutsidetoinsideandfrombottomtotop,andspecialfruit-pickingshearshallbeusedforfruitpicking.Twoshearsforonefruit:Thefirstshearistocutoffthefruitwiththepedicelatabout1cm,andthesecondshear(re-shear)istocutoffthepedicelneatlywiththesepalsaligned.Re-shearrequiresaflatandsmoothcut,withouttooshortfruitstalksthatwilldamagethesepalsandtoolongstalksthatwillstabthefruits.果實(shí)成熟度Fruitmaturity果品成熟度越高，越不耐儲藏Thehigherthematurityoffruits,thelessresistanttostorage柑橘成熟后，糖份轉(zhuǎn)化基本完成，細(xì)胞活性下降，抵御病害能力大大下降。Afterthecitrusmatures,thesugarconversionisbasicallycompleted,thecellactivitydecreases,andtheabilitytoresistdiseasesisgreatlydegraded.（2）

儲藏期病害Diseasesduringstorage柑橘儲藏期期病害Diseasesofcitrusduringstorage柑橘在儲藏期如果遭到外界有害生物入侵，或者在生長期間感染的病菌潛伏在體內(nèi)，都會讓其在儲藏期表現(xiàn)出各類病害。

Ifthecitrusisintrudedbyexternalpestsduringstorageorthepathogensinfectedduringgrowtharelatentinthebody,itwillshowvariousdiseasesduringstorage.

因此做好庫房消毒工作，并在果實(shí)采收前2周左右對樹冠果實(shí)噴施多菌靈等藥劑，同樣也是減少儲藏期病害發(fā)生的關(guān)鍵。Therefore,disinfectingthewarehouseandsprayingcarbendazimandotherchemicalsonthecanopyfruitsabout2weeksbeforefruitharvestarealsothekeytoreducingdiseasesduringstorage.青霉病Penicillium綠霉病Greenmold炭疽病Anthrax蒂腐病Pediclerot黑腐病Blackrot酸腐病Acidrot柑橘儲藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod2,4-D浸果，可有效減少果蒂脫落，減輕儲藏期病害的發(fā)生。2,4-Dfruitsoakingcaneffectivelyreducepedicledroppingandreducetheoccurrenceofdiseasesduringstorage.想要減少儲藏期病害，你還可以這樣做：Toreducediseasesduringstorage,thefollowingmeasurescanbetaken:（1）防止果實(shí)受傷在采收及貯運(yùn)期間防止果實(shí)遭受機(jī)械損傷。適時(shí)采果適當(dāng)提早采收能預(yù)防多種貯藏病害的發(fā)生。在下雨時(shí)、雨后、重霧或露水未干時(shí)不要采果。Preventfruitinjury:Preventfruitsfrommechanicaldamageduringharvesting,storage,andtransportation.Timelyandearlyharvestcanpreventvariousstoragediseases.Donotharvestfruitswhenitrains,afterrain,whenheavyfogordewisnotdry.

（2）果實(shí)采收前10天左右對樹冠果實(shí)噴藥，以減少果實(shí)帶病?？蓢?0%甲基托布津可濕性粉劑1200-1500倍液或50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑1000倍液。

Spraythecanopyfruitsabout10daysbeforefruitharvestingtoreducefruitdiseases.Spray1:1,200–1,500dilutionof70%thiophanate-methylwettablepowdersor1:1,000dilutionof50%carbendazimwettablepowders.柑橘儲藏期病害DiseasesofCitrusinStoragePeriod想要減少儲藏期病害，你還可以這樣做：Toreducediseasesduringstorage,thefollowingmeasurescanbetaken:（3）藥劑浸果處理目前用來浸果最好的防治藥物是抑霉唑、咪酰胺。用75%抑霉唑＋2,4-D浸果有很好的防治效果，果實(shí)采收后馬上進(jìn)行處理，效果會更好。Chemicalsoakingtreatment.Atpresent,thebestcontroldrugsusedforfruitsoakingare

imazalilandprochloraz.Soakingthefruitwith75%imazalil+2,4-Dhasagoodcontroleffect,andtheeffectwillbebetterifthefruitistreatedimmediatelyafterharvest.Additionof2,4-Dcanreducepedicledroppingandpreventdiseases（4）單果包裝儲藏采用單果包裝比用大袋包裝的效果好，用塑料薄膜單果包裝比用紙單果包裝效果好。

Packagingandstorageofsinglefruits:Thepackagingeffectofsinglefruitsisbetterthanthatofbigbags,andthepackagingeffectofsinglefruitswithplasticfilmisbetterthanthatofsinglefru