《植物病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)》課件-一、大豆食心蟲綠色防控

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大豆食心蟲綠色防控

IGreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

一大豆食心蟲綠色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

大豆食心蟲

別名大豆蛀莢蛾、豆莢蟲、小紅蟲，屬于鱗翅目、小卷蛾科。我國(guó)分布較廣，以東北3省、河北、山東受害較重。大豆食心蟲不僅造成大豆減產(chǎn)，而且降低大豆品質(zhì)，一般年份蟲食率10%～20％，嚴(yán)重年份達(dá)30％～40%。（一）

發(fā)生與危害情況(I)Occurrenceandhazard

Soybeanborer,alsoknownassoybeanpodborer,podborer,andsmallredborer,belongstoLepidopteraandCarpocapsidae.ItiswidelydistributedinChina,withthreeprovincesinnortheastChina,HebeiandShandongsufferingmoreseverely.Soybeanborersnotonlyreducetheyieldofsoybeans,butalsoreducethequalityofsoybeans.Generally,theinsectfeedingrateis10%–20%inyearsand30%–40%insevereyears.

以幼蟲蛀入豆莢咬食豆粒，輕者沿瓣縫咬成溝，重者把豆粒吃掉大半，被害粒失去原形，豆莢內(nèi)充滿蟲糞，降低產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量。（一）發(fā)生與危害情況一大豆食心蟲綠色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer(I)OccurrenceandHazard

Thelarvaeboreintothepodsandbitethebeans.Inmildcases,theybitethebeansintogroovesalongthepetalseam.Inseverecases,theyeatmorethanhalfofthebeans.Theharmedbeanslosetheiroriginalshapeandthepodsarefilledwithinsectfeces,reducingtheyieldandquality.（二）形態(tài)識(shí)別成蟲

黃褐至暗褐色；成蟲體長(zhǎng)5～6mm，翅展12～14mm；前翅前緣有10條左右黑紫色短斜紋；雄蛾前翅色較淡，雌蛾前翅色較深。一大豆食心蟲綠色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

(II)MorphologicalRecognitionImagoesItisyellowishbrowntodarkbrown.Theadultis5–6mmlong,withawingspanof12–14mm.Thereareabout10black-purpleshortwillowstripesonthefrontedgeoftheforewing.Theforewingsofmalemothsarelight,whilethoseoffemalemothsaredark.（二）形態(tài)識(shí)別卵

扁橢圓形，長(zhǎng)約0.5mm，橘黃色。

(II)MorphologicalRecognitionEgg

Itisflatoval,about0.5mmlong,andorange.一大豆食心蟲綠色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer（二）形態(tài)識(shí)別幼蟲

老齡幼蟲體長(zhǎng)8～10mm，初孵幼蟲黃白色，漸變?yōu)槌赛S色，老齡時(shí)變?yōu)槌燃t色。

(II)MorphologicalRecognitionLarvaTheoldlarvaeare8~10mmlong.Thenewlyhatchedlarvaeareyellowish-whiteandgraduallyturnorange-yellow,andturnorange-redwhentheyareold.一大豆食心蟲綠色防控I

Greenpreventionandcontrolofsoybeanborer（二）形態(tài)識(shí)別蛹

長(zhǎng)約6mm，紅褐色，紡錘形。腹末有8～10根鋸齒狀尾刺。

(II)MorphologicalRecognitionPupaeAbout6mmlong,reddish-brown,spindle-shaped.Thereare8–10serratedtailspinesattheendoftheabdomen.一大豆食心蟲綠色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer（三）發(fā)生規(guī)律大豆食心蟲在我國(guó)各地1年發(fā)生l代，以老熟幼蟲在豆田、曬場(chǎng)及附近表土3～8cm內(nèi)做繭越冬。成蟲有趨光性，對(duì)黑光燈的趨性最強(qiáng)。卵散產(chǎn)在豆莢上，少數(shù)卵產(chǎn)于葉柄、側(cè)枝及主莖上。

(III)OccurrenceRegularity1generationofsoybeanborersoccursinChinaeveryyear,andtheyoverwinterasmaturelarvaeinbeanfields,sunninggrounds,andnearbytopsoilbymakingcocoonswithin3–8cminthetopsoil.Adultshavephototaxis,withthestrongestphototaxistoblacklightlamps.Eggsarescatteredonpods,andafeweggsarelaidonpetioles,lateralbranches,andmainstems.一大豆食心蟲綠色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer（三）發(fā)生規(guī)律幼蟲共5齡，蛀莢為害20～30d后老熟，至豆莢成熟時(shí)脫莢人土做橢圓形土繭滯育越冬。幼蟲具寡食性、鉆蛀性、吐絲習(xí)性及專性滯育。一大豆食心蟲綠色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

(III)OccurrenceRegularityThelarvaehaveatotaloffiveinstars,andthepodswillmatureafter20~30d.Whenthepodsmature,theywillberemovedfromthesoiltomakeovalsoilcocoonsfordiapauseandoverwintering.Thelarvaeareoligophagous,borer,spinner,andobligatetodiapause.（四）防治技術(shù)1、選擇抗蟲品種，盡量選無莢毛和莢毛彎瞌、木質(zhì)隔離層結(jié)構(gòu)好、入莢死亡率高的大豆品種。2、實(shí)行大面積輪作；秋翻豆茬地，秋翻耕耙，能破壞食心蟲越冬場(chǎng)所，提高越冬幼蟲死亡率。及時(shí)耕翻豆后麥茬地。豆茬地如播種小麥，小麥?zhǔn)蘸笳涤紫x上移和化蛹，隨即翻耙麥茬可大量消滅蛹前幼蟲和蛹，降低羽化率。3、生物防治

在成蟲產(chǎn)卵期放赤眼蜂，放蜂2～3萬頭/畝，可起到較好的防治效果。但利用天敵期間禁止使用高毒農(nóng)藥。在幼蟲脫莢前，用白僵菌粉1.5kg/畝，對(duì)細(xì)土4.5kg/畝拌勻，撒于豆田壟臺(tái)上。也能起到較好的防治效果。

(IV)ControlTechnique1.Selectinsect-resistantcultivars,andtrytoselectsoybeancultivarswithoutpodhairandcurvedpodhair,withgoodstructureofwoodisolationlayerandhighmortalityrateofpodentry.2.Carryoutlarge-areacroprotation.Plowingbeanstubbleinautumnandharrowinginautumncandestroytheoverwinteringplacesofborersandraisethedeathrateofoverwinteringlarvae.Plowthebeansintimeandstubblethefield.Ifwheatissowninthebeanstubblefield,thelarvaemoveupandpupatewhenthewheatisharvested,andthenthestubblecanbeturnedandharrowedtoeliminatealargenumberofpre-pupallarvaeandpupaeandreducetheeclosionrate.3.Biologicalcontrol.Release20,000~30,000trichogrammaspermuduringtheovipositionperiodofadults,whichcanachievegoodcontroleffect.However,highlytoxicpesticidesareprohibitedduringtheuseofnaturalenemies.Beforethelarvaeleavethepods,mixthefinesoilof1.5kg/muwithBeauveriabassianapowder,4.5kg/mu,andsprinkleontheridgeplatformofthebeanfield.Itcanalsoachievegoodcontroleffect.一大豆食心蟲綠色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

4、藥劑防治

使用時(shí)最好幾種藥交換使用，防止害蟲發(fā)生抗藥性。施藥時(shí)間以上午為宜，重點(diǎn)噴灑植株的上部。①敵敵畏熏蒸防治成蟲：用80%敵敵畏100～150g/畝，注入載體玉米軸內(nèi)，每軸注2ml左右，均勻插于豆田，插藥軸60/畝左右，防效可達(dá)95%以上。②防治幼蟲。大豆開花結(jié)莢期為該蟲防治關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，每畝用氯氰（溴氰）菊酯乳油、順式氰戊菊酯乳油、甲氰菊酯乳油等藥劑。一大豆食心蟲綠色防控I

GreenPreventionandControlofSoybeanBorer

4.ChemicalControlItisbettertoexchangeseveralchemicalstopreventpestresistance.Theapplicationtimeshou