Unit1 Learning About Language and Using Language 詞匯精講課堂

版本：新人教單元：選擇性必修一

Unit1

(LearningAboutLanguage—UsingLanguage)詞匯課堂1.conclusionconclude—conclusion詞塊：arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion,inconclusion(=finally)2.circumstancecircum(around周?chē)?+st(tostand站立)+-ance(名詞后綴)→站立的周?chē)?周邊)的狀況→情況；情形詞塊：in/under...circumstances3.novel&novelistnovel來(lái)自詞根nov(new新的)→新穎的novelcoronavirus新型冠狀病毒novel(小說(shuō))+-ist(從事……的人)→novelist小說(shuō)家4.flow一詞多義：基本義：流動(dòng)；隱喻：水的流動(dòng)→比喻抽象事物像水一樣流動(dòng)5.chart詞塊：flowchart本單元詞匯梳理6.foundsetup,

found,establish都含有“建立”“創(chuàng)立”之意。setup多用于日常用語(yǔ)中，found和establish多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中；found表示“建立”“創(chuàng)立”時(shí)尤指“提供資金

(providingmoney)”；establish除表示建立國(guó)家、政府或商店等外，也可指建立關(guān)系等。派生詞：founder,foundation7.inferin-(in入)+fer(tocarry帶)→帶入(某種想法)→推斷詞塊：infersthfromsth派生詞：inference(makeinferences)8.politicianpolitics+-ian9.numerousnumer(數(shù))+-ous(……的)；正式用語(yǔ)(對(duì)應(yīng)many)10.theory詞塊：intheory11.relativityrelative(相對(duì)的)+-ity(……的狀態(tài))詞塊：theoryofrelativity12.formulaform(形式)+-ula(sthdone完成物)→代表規(guī)則的一個(gè)形式→公式13.geniusgen(birth出生)+-i+-us(表示性質(zhì))→人與生俱來(lái)的品質(zhì)→天才；天賦詞塊：haveageniusfor14.gentle派生詞：gently15.patentpatent原義為“打開(kāi)的、公開(kāi)的”，用于術(shù)語(yǔ)Letterspatent(公開(kāi)文件)。以前為了鼓勵(lì)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，英國(guó)和意大利的王室采用特許的方式，允許一些工匠或商人在一定期限內(nèi)以壟斷方式獨(dú)家經(jīng)營(yíng)自己所發(fā)明的產(chǎn)品。這種特許書(shū)做成了Letterspatent(公開(kāi)文件)的形式，里面有對(duì)產(chǎn)品的詳細(xì)描述。這就是現(xiàn)代專(zhuān)利制度中的“專(zhuān)利說(shuō)明書(shū)”的雛形，英語(yǔ)單詞patent(專(zhuān)利)就源于此。16.passion詞塊：haveapassionforsth派生詞：passionate17.doctoratedoctor(博士)+-ate18.extraordinaryextra-(超過(guò))+ordinary(常規(guī)的)→超出常規(guī)的→異乎尋常的；非凡的19.graduallygradual+-ly(同根詞:graduate)20.institute&institutionin-+stitute(toestablish建立)→建立→建立的科學(xué)、教育等方面的組織→學(xué)院；(研究)院/所institute—institution21.consequence比result正式詞塊：asaconsequence/inconsequence(of)22.encounteren-(in進(jìn)入)+counter(against相對(duì))→進(jìn)入面對(duì)面的相對(duì)狀態(tài)→偶然碰到意為“偶然碰到”是正式用語(yǔ)，對(duì)應(yīng)comeacross23.professorpro-(forth向前)

+fess(tospeak說(shuō))

+-or(人)→在眾人面前闡述知識(shí)的人→教授24.remarkableremark(評(píng)論)+-able(能被……的)→能被評(píng)論的→非凡的；卓越的25.device詞塊：digital/mobiledevices熟詞生義：手段；策略；方法26.sumsum來(lái)源于拉丁語(yǔ)summus(最高的)。古羅馬人喜歡從底向上計(jì)數(shù)，然后把總數(shù)放在頂部。sum的詞源義即為“總數(shù)(total)”。詞塊：alarge/smallsumofmoney,tosumup派生詞：summary,summarise重難點(diǎn)詞精講flow一詞多義sum一詞多義搭配義consequence英語(yǔ)釋義搭配義form詞根circumstance搭配義辨析義conclusion搭配義conclusion高考鏈接根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成句子。_______________（總之）weshouldtakepartinsportsandoutdooractivitiesfrequently.（2014江西書(shū)面表達(dá)）

FinallyLastlyInsummaryInconclusionconclusion

n[C]

結(jié)論；推論：makeaconclusionjumptoconclusionsThejudge’sconclusionwasthatMrSmithwasinnocent.

［常用單數(shù)］［正式用語(yǔ)］結(jié)束；結(jié)尾

(end)：Whenhebroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion,histeacherinvitedtherestoftheclasstopraisehim.2019全國(guó)改常用搭配arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論：Theycametoaconclusionthatitwasathiefwhohadstolentheirdiamondnecklace.Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.inconclusion最后；總之(finally)：Inconclusion,Iwouldliketothankeveryonewhohashelpedus.Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.2010福建書(shū)面表達(dá)改circumstance根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Wedon’tusuallyacceptlateapplications,but________________________________________（在這種情況下）wewillmakeanexception.2.__________________________________（在任何情況下都不）shouldyouleavethishouse.inthiscase

/

in/underthecircumstancesInnocase

/

In/Undernocircumstancescircumstancen[C]

［常用復(fù)數(shù)］情況；情形theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.：Ourcircumstancesaresodesperatethatitisuncertainwhetherwewilleverreturnalive.

［復(fù)數(shù)］［正式用語(yǔ)］境況；狀況（尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況）theconditionsofaperson’slife,especiallythemoneytheyhave：financial/social/personalcircumstancesin/under...circumstances在……情況下：Underthecircumstances,itseemsbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident.It’sanexperimentalmodel,sodon’ttouchitunderanycircumstances.2012江西改circumstance詞源解讀：circum(around周?chē)?+st(tostand站立)+-ance(名詞后綴)→站立的周?chē)ㄖ苓叄┑臓顩r→情況；情形in/undernocircumstances決不；無(wú)論如何不：Undernocircumstancesshouldwedoterriblethingstootherpeople.注：in/undernocircumstances置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。辨析：circumstance,environmentcircumstance和

environment都含有“環(huán)境”“狀況”之意?！?/p>

circumstance指“情況”“情形”（theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.）”，常用復(fù)數(shù)，表明與某事件或某人有關(guān)的環(huán)境，情形，情況等，也可指“境況”“狀況”（尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況）（howmuchmoneysbhas）”。Wecan’tjudgewhathediduntilweknowallthecircumstances.●environment指“生活環(huán)境”“周?chē)鸂顩r（theconditionsoftheplacewhereyouare）”，尤其指作用和影響生物體的生長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展和生存的外界物質(zhì)條件的總和。Thetwinswereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironment.flowManstrugglesupwards;waterflowsdownwards.Thepersonwhohasnopersonalityalwaysgoeswiththeflow.

Onlydeadfishfollowtheflow.

（液體、氣體、電等）流動(dòng)；流出：It’sherethattheriverflowsdownintotheocean.

[比喻人或事物像水一樣]流逝；流暢；流淌：Timeflowsaway.Herhairfloweddownoverhershoulders.Trucksandcarsflowedalongthehighway.n[C]&[U]流；流動(dòng)：aflowofpeople/carsfree

flowofinformationflowvi液體、氣體、電等“流動(dòng)”由具體到抽象比喻人或事物像水一樣“流動(dòng)”（液體、氣體、電等）流動(dòng)；流出（比喻人或事物像水一樣）流逝；流暢；流淌flow

語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖流動(dòng)、流出flow基本義Thefailureofthecompanywasadirect___________________（結(jié)果）ofbadmanagement.result正式用語(yǔ)根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。consequence/consequenceconsequencen

[C]結(jié)果；后果aresultofsththathashappened：face/taketheconsequencesTheconsequenceofarisingsealevelwouldbewidespreadflooding.

[U][正式用語(yǔ)]重要（性）；重大

importance：Don’tworry.It’soflittleconsequence.asaconsequence/inconsequence[正式用語(yǔ)]結(jié)果；因此asaresult：Shewasovertheagelimitand,asa/inconsequence,herapplicationwasrejected.asaconsequenceof/inconsequenceof[正式用語(yǔ)]由于……的緣故asaresultofsth：Myfathercoughsfrequentlyasaconsequenceof/inconsequenceofsmoking.比asaresult正式比asaresultof正式sumdoasumsum做算術(shù)總和sum詞源解讀sum來(lái)源于拉丁語(yǔ)summus（最高的）。在一組數(shù)字里面，古羅馬人喜歡從底向上計(jì)數(shù)，然后把總數(shù)放在頂部。sum的詞源義即為“總數(shù)（total）”。sumn[C]

[常用單數(shù)]總數(shù)；總和；全部：Thesumoftwoandtwoisfour.Thatisthesumofourexperience.

算術(shù)：doasuminone’shead

金額：alarge/smallsumofmoneyvi&vtsumup總結(jié)；概括：Hisspeechsummedupthepresentsituationofeconomy.Tosumup,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.summary（必修一Unit4）adj

概括的；扼要的：asummaryaccount/explanationn[C]總結(jié)；摘要；概要：insummaryCanyougivemeaquicksummaryofyourresearch?summarise/summarizevi&vt總結(jié)；概括；概述(sumup)：Tosummarise,thisisacleverapproachtoacommonproblem.【溫故】詞根formform（shape形狀）-ula:完成物

(sthdone)formulauni-:一(one)uniform-al:……的(of)formal詞根詞綴單詞派生詞form（toform形成）

per-:徹底地(thoroughly)performperformancein-:入(into)informtrans-:到另一方(across)transformtransformationre-:再(again)reform-ation(名詞后綴)formation-erformer1.Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.2010福建書(shū)面表達(dá)改2.Undernocircumstancesshouldwedoterriblethingstootherpeople.3.Manstrugglesupwards;waterflowsdownwards.4.Tosumup,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.本單元金句匯總隨堂檢測(cè)conclusion一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Thesearethereports’mainconclusions.

____________2.Theconclusionisjustasimportantapartofyouressayastheintroduction.____________3.Newevidencemightleadtotheconclusionthatwearewrong.____________結(jié)論結(jié)尾推論二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Ican_______________________（得出結(jié)論）thateventhesmallestjobisalsothenecessaryparttokeepthesocietygoingsmoothly.（2013廣東改）2.Don’t_______________________（貿(mào)然斷定）beforeyouknowthefacts.3._______________________（最后）,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.arriveat/cometo/draw/reachtheconclusionjumpaconclusionInconclusion一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrolthelecturewascancelled. ___________2.Theirfamilyfinancialcircumstances

arefrombadtoworse. ___________

二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Don’topenthedoor,__________________________（任何情況下）.2.Shemadeitclearthat__________________________（絕不）wouldshecancelthetrip.circumstance情況/情形經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況in/underanycircumstancesin/undernocircumstances一、將下列短語(yǔ)或句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。1.flowfreely_______________________2.flowinthewind

_______________________3.Riversflowintothesea._______________________4.Thecrowdflowedoutofthestation.

_______________________5.Tearsfloweddownhischeeks._______________________6.Thecoloredflagsflowinthewind._______________________7.Thelinesinthispaintingflow.

_______________________8.Herhairfloweddownherback.

_______________________

自由流動(dòng)在風(fēng)中流動(dòng)百川歸海。人群涌出車(chē)站。他淚流滿(mǎn)面。彩旗迎風(fēng)飄揚(yáng)。這幅畫(huà)線條流暢。她的頭發(fā)飄垂在背后。flow二、將下列短語(yǔ)或句子譯成英語(yǔ)。1.氣流___________________________2.數(shù)據(jù)流___________________________3.緩緩地流淌____________________________4.流入大海

___________________________5.這條河流經(jīng)這個(gè)城市。____________________________6.時(shí)間流逝。____________________________7.那條河自東向西流。____________________________8.河水漫過(guò)堤岸。___________________________

airflowdataflowflowquietlyflowintotheseaTheriverflowsthroughthecity.Timeflowsaway.Theriverflowsfromeasttowest.Theriverflowedoverthebank.根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Hebrokethelaw,andnowhemust______________________（承擔(dān)…