計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語 第3版 習(xí)題答案 張強(qiáng)華

ComputerEnglishComputerEnglish計(jì)算機(jī)英語（第三版）習(xí)題參考答案PAGE264PAGE263習(xí)題參考答案Unit1[Ex.1]?根據(jù)TextA回答以下問題Acomputerisamachinethatcanbeinstructedtocarryout\o"Sequence"sequencesof\o"Arithmetic"arithmeticor\o"Booleanalgebra"logicaloperationsautomaticallyvia\o"Computerprogramming"computerprogramming.Conventionally,amoderncomputerconsistsofatleastone\o"Processingelement"processingelement,typicallya\o"Centralprocessingunit"centralprocessingunit(CPU),andsomeformof\o"Memory(computers)"memory.Thetermhardwarecoversallofthosepartsofacomputerthataretangiblephysicalobjects.Circuits,computerchips,graphiccards,soundcards,memory(RAM),motherboard,displays,powersupplies,cables,keyboards,printersand"mouse"inputdevicesareallhardware.Ageneralpurposecomputerhasfourmaincomponents.Theyarethearithmeticlogicunit(ALU),the\o"Controlunit"controlunit,the\o"Computerdatastorage"memory,andthe\o"Inputandoutputdevices"inputandoutputdevices(collectivelytermedI/O).Someexamplesofinputdevicesare\o"Computerkeyboard"computerkeyboard,\o"Digitalcamera"digitalcamera,\o"Digitalvideo"digitalvideo,\o"Graphicstablet"graphicstablet,\o"Imagescanner"imagescanner,\o"Microphone"microphone,\o"Mouse(computing)"mouse,\o"Overlaykeyboard"keyboard,\o"Touchscreen"touchscreen.Someexamplesofoutputdevicesare\o"Computermonitor"computermonitor,\o"Printer(computing)"printer,\o"PCspeaker"PCspeaker,\o"Soundcard"soundcard,\o"Videocard"videocard.Sincethemid-1970sCPUshavetypicallybeenconstructedonasingle\o"Integratedcircuit"integratedcircuitcalleda\o"Microprocessor"microprocessor.Logicoperationsinvolve\o"Booleanlogic"Booleanlogic:\o"Logicalconjunction"AND,\o"Logicaldisjunction"OR,\o"Exclusiveor"XOR,and\o"Negation"NOT.Registersareusedforthemostfrequentlyneededdataitemstoavoidhavingtoaccessmainmemoryeverytimedataisneeded.Computermainmemorycomesintwoprincipalvarieties:?\o"Random-accessmemory"random-accessmemoryorRAM?\o"Read-onlymemory"read-onlymemoryorROM[Ex.2]根據(jù)TextB回答以下問題VonNeumannwasborninBudapest,Hungary.HeenteredtheUniversityofBudapestin1921.HestudiedChemistrythere.Hereturnedtohisfirstloveofmathematicsincompletinghisdoctoraldegreein1928.In1933,hewasappointedtobeoneoftheoriginalsixProfessorsofMathematics.VonNeumann'sinterestincomputersdifferedfromthatofhispeersbyhisquicklyperceivingtheapplicationofcomputerstoappliedmathematicsforspecificproblems,ratherthantheirmereapplicationtothedevelopmentoftables.BythelatteryearsofWorldWarIIVonNeumannwasplayingthepartofanexecutivemanagementconsultant,servingonseveralnationalcommittees,applyinghisamazingabilitytorapidlyseethroughproblemstotheirsolutions.PostwarVonNeumannconcentratedonthedevelopmentoftheInstituteforAdvancedStudies(IAS)computeranditscopiesaroundtheworld.ThroughthereportentitledFirstDraftofaReportontheEDVAC[1945],authoredsolelybyVonNeumann,thebasicelementsofthestoredprogramconceptwereintroducedtotheindustry.Inthe1950'sVonNeumannwasemployedasaconsultanttoIBMtoreviewproposedandongoingadvancedtechnologyprojects.TheIEEEJohnVonNeumannMedalwasestablishedbytheBoardofDirectorsin1990.[Ex.3]把下列句子翻譯為中文1)這些新設(shè)計(jì)的器件將在下月的展覽會(huì)上展出。2)每一個(gè)元件都各有程度不同的用處。3)標(biāo)記模糊不清，難以識(shí)別。4)外部調(diào)制調(diào)解器是一種獨(dú)立的調(diào)制調(diào)解器，它通過電纜與計(jì)算機(jī)的串口相連。5)所有信息，從火車時(shí)刻表到折價(jià)商品，只需按按電鍵就能得到。6)CPU是計(jì)算機(jī)的大腦。7)臺(tái)式計(jì)算機(jī)足夠小，可以方便地放在辦公桌上。8)鼠標(biāo)是一種相對(duì)的定點(diǎn)設(shè)備，因?yàn)閷?duì)鼠標(biāo)的移動(dòng)沒有限定范圍，并且鼠標(biāo)在表面的位置并不直接對(duì)應(yīng)屏幕上特定的位置。9)如果沒有通信軟件，調(diào)制解調(diào)器就不能做任何有用的工作。10)除了有一些附加鍵以外，計(jì)算機(jī)鍵盤與打字機(jī)鍵盤幾乎相同。[Ex.4]軟件水平考試真題自測(cè)答案：A：③B：⑤C：①D：⑥E：⑧參考譯文：或許您一直在問這樣的問題：是不是人人都在轉(zhuǎn)向Windows？如果我升級(jí)到圖形用戶界面，是否會(huì)一直停留在冷漠的DOS命令行？[Ex.5]聽短文填空1.task2.order3.in4.important5.processors6.music7.needs8.video9.right10.price

Unit2[Ex.1]?根據(jù)TextA回答以下問題F2)T3)F4)T5)F6)F7)T8)T9)F10)T[Ex.2]根據(jù)TextB回答以下問題Whatisasoftwaredevelopmentprocess?Asoftwaredevelopmentprocess,alsoknownasasoftwaredevelopmentlife-cycle(SDLC),isastructureimposedonthe\o"Softwaredevelopment"developmentofasoftwareproduct.Whatistheinternationalstandardfordescribingthemethodofselecting,implementingandmonitoringthelifecycleforsoftware?Theinternationalstandardfordescribingthemethodofselecting,implementingandmonitoringthelifecycleforsoftwareisISO/IEC12207.Oncethegeneralrequirementsaregatheredfromtheclient,whatshouldbedeterminedandclearlystated?Whatisthisoftencalled?Oncethegeneralrequirementsaregatheredfromtheclient,ananalysisofthescopeofthedevelopmentshouldbedeterminedandclearlystated.Thisisoftencalledascopedocument.Whendoesdeploymentstart?Whatmayitinvolve?\o"Softwaredeployment"Deploymentstartsdirectlyafterthecodeisappropriatelytested,approvedfor\o"Softwarerelease"release,andsoldorotherwisedistributedintoaproductionenvironment.Thismayinvolveinstallation,customization(suchasbysettingparameterstothecustomer'svalues),testing,andpossiblyanextendedperiodofevaluation.Howisthewaterfallmodelcommonlytaught?Thewaterfallmodelisalsocommonlytaughtwiththe\o"Mnemonic"mnemonicADanceintheDarkEveryMonday,representingAnalysis,Design,Implementation,Testing,DocumentationandExecution,andMaintenance.Whatisthekeycharacteristicofaspiralmodel?Thekeycharacteristicofaspiralmodelisriskmanagementatregularstagesinthedevelopmentcycle.Whatisthebasicideabehinditerativeandincrementaldevelopment?Thebasicideabehindthismethodistodevelopasystemthroughrepeatedcycles(iterative)andinsmallerportionsatatime(incremental),allowingsoftwaredeveloperstotakeadvantageofwhatwaslearnedduringdevelopmentofearlierpartsorversionsofthesystem.Whatdoagileprocessesfundamentallydo?Agileprocessesfundamentallyincorporateiterationandthecontinuousfeedbackthatitprovidestosuccessivelyrefineanddeliverasoftwaresystem.Whatis\o"Rapidapplicationdevelopment"Rapidapplicationdevelopment(RAD)?\o"Rapidapplicationdevelopment"Rapidapplicationdevelopment(RAD)isasoftwaredevelopmentmethodologythatusesminimalplanninginfavorofrapidprototyping.Whatareespeciallyusedtodefineusers'\o"Requirements"requirementsandtodesignthefinalsysteminrapidapplicationdevelopment?Inrapidapplicationdevelopment,structuredtechniquesandprototypingareespeciallyusedtodefineusers'\o"Requirements"requirementsandtodesignthefinalsystem.[Ex.3]把下列句子翻譯為中文1)這家公司既經(jīng)營(yíng)硬件，又經(jīng)營(yíng)軟件。2)你的內(nèi)存太小，無法運(yùn)行這個(gè)應(yīng)用軟件。3)每個(gè)虛擬機(jī)都包括應(yīng)用程序軟件和支持中間件及操作系統(tǒng)。4)引導(dǎo)程序可以使用任意接口將應(yīng)用程序下載到應(yīng)用Flash存儲(chǔ)區(qū)。5)引導(dǎo)扇區(qū)里存放的是一個(gè)小程序，這個(gè)小程序是計(jì)算機(jī)所加載的操作系統(tǒng)的第一部分。6)所有這一切都依賴于數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器和管理連接池的中間件的可伸縮性。7)我們的興趣在于過程管理和中間件基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。8)微軟試圖向外界說明，Office是強(qiáng)大的，它能變成一個(gè)集成和使用其他垂直應(yīng)用以創(chuàng)建新東西的開發(fā)平臺(tái)。9)以下更新固件的方法在您所在的地區(qū)或硬件上可能不受支持。10)如果出了問題，您就必須等待“固件升級(jí)”—這也許能夠解決您的問題，也許不能夠解決您的問題。[Ex.4]軟件水平考試真題自測(cè)答案：A：④B：①C：②D：④E：②參考譯文：軟件設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)創(chuàng)作的過程。它需要設(shè)計(jì)者具有一定的技能。設(shè)計(jì)不是從書上學(xué)到的。它必須通過對(duì)已有系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來實(shí)踐。一個(gè)好的軟件系統(tǒng)是易于使用和維護(hù)、易于理解和可靠的。設(shè)計(jì)的差的軟件系統(tǒng)，盡管也能夠工作，但很可能維護(hù)起來很昂貴、很難測(cè)試且不可靠。[Ex.5]聽短文填空1.unreadable2.lost3.about4.damaged5.programs6.remove7.recovered8.save9.form10.restore

Unit3[Ex.1]?根據(jù)TextA判斷正誤1)T2)F3)T4)T5)F6)T7)F8)T9)F10)T[Ex.2]根據(jù)TextB回答以下問題Howmanygeneralcategoriesissoftwaredividedinto?Allsoftwareisdividedintotwogeneralcategories.Theyaredataandprograms.,Whatisadatastructurein\o"Computerscience"computerscience?In\o"Computerscience"computerscience,adatastructureisaparticularwayofstoringandorganizing\o"Data(computing)"datainacomputersothatitcanbeused\o"Algorithmicefficiency"efficiently.Whatisarecord?Arecordisavaluethatcontainsothervalues,typicallyinfixednumberandsequenceandtypicallyindexedbynames.Whatisaset?A\o"Set(abstractdatatype)"setisan\o"Abstractdatastructure"abstractdatastructurethatcanstorespecificvalues,withoutanyparticular\o"Sequence"order,andwithnorepeatedvalues.Whataregraphsandtrees?Whataretheyusedtodo?\o"Graph(abstractdatatype)"Graphsand\o"Tree(datastructure)"treesare\o"Linkeddatastructure"linked\o"Abstractdatatype"abstractdatastructurescomposedof\o"Node(computerscience)"nodes.Eachnodecontainsavalueandalsooneormore\o"Pointer(computerprogramming)"pointerstoothernodes.Graphscanbeusedtorepresentnetworks,whiletreesaregenerallyusedfor\o"Sortingalgorithm"sortingand\o"Searchalgorithm"searching,havingtheirnodesarrangedinsomerelativeorderbasedontheirvalues.Whatdoestheimplementationofadatastructureusuallyrequire?Theimplementationofadatastructureusuallyrequireswritingasetof\o"Subroutine"proceduresthatcreateandmanipulateinstancesofthatstructure.Whatareafield,arecordandafilerespectively?Afieldisasinglepieceofinformation;arecordisonecompletesetoffields;andafileisacollectionofrecords.Whatisadatabasemanagementsystem?Adatabasemanagementsystem(DBMS)isacollectionofprogramsthatenablesyoutostore,modify,andextractinformationfromadatabase.Whataretheexamplesofdatabaseapplicationsmentionedinthepassage?Thefollowingareexamplesofdatabaseapplications:?computerizedlibrarysystems?automatedtellermachines?flightreservationsystems?computerizedpartsinventorysystems10)Whyarerelationaldatabasespowerful?Relationaldatabasesarepowerfulbecausetheyrequirefewassumptionsabouthowdataisrelatedorhowitwillbeextractedfromthedatabase.[Ex.3]把下列句子翻譯為中文1)病毒是一種可以自我復(fù)制的計(jì)算機(jī)程序，它常常在機(jī)主不知情的情況下把自己嵌入其他的程序。2)谷歌地圖是一個(gè)支持大多數(shù)智能手機(jī)的交互程序，它提供了非常繁多的功能，因此你不會(huì)再迷路了。3)批處理和實(shí)用程序通常處理大量的數(shù)據(jù)，并且常常以一種連續(xù)的方式處理數(shù)據(jù)。4)結(jié)構(gòu)化編程用循序、選擇和反復(fù)三種結(jié)構(gòu)來設(shè)計(jì)程序。5)C語言是一種通用編程語言，代碼效率高，并提供了結(jié)構(gòu)化編程元素和一組豐富的操作符。6)由于在程序執(zhí)行前進(jìn)行編譯，AOT編譯器必須謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待它所編譯的代碼所引用的類、字段和方法。7)如果您一步步地執(zhí)行該代碼，會(huì)看到編譯器在創(chuàng)建這些方法時(shí)是非常靈活的。8)解釋的程序運(yùn)行起來比編譯或匯編的程序慢得多，因?yàn)樗看螆?zhí)行都必須翻譯語句。9)在很多腳本語言中，你不必?fù)?dān)心內(nèi)存是如何管理的，但這并不能使內(nèi)存管理的重要性有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)降低。10)腳本語言的缺點(diǎn)一直存在于性能方面。然而，腳本語言也有自己獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。[Ex.4]軟件水平考試真題自測(cè)答案：A：⑥B：③C：④D：②E：⑧參考譯文：PC機(jī)源于單機(jī)系統(tǒng)，然而近年來有許多PC機(jī)被連到局域網(wǎng)上。在局域網(wǎng)中，數(shù)據(jù)和用戶應(yīng)用程序通常存放在文件服務(wù)器上，文件服務(wù)器由PC機(jī)充當(dāng)，運(yùn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)，如Novell公司的NetWare或微軟的LANManager。文件服務(wù)器管理局域網(wǎng)用戶對(duì)硬盤數(shù)據(jù)的共享存取，并時(shí)常提供其他共享資源的訪問，如打印機(jī)。當(dāng)局域網(wǎng)讓基于PC的數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶共享普通的數(shù)據(jù)文件時(shí)，它不能改變DBMS的工作方式，所有的數(shù)據(jù)處理仍然由運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用程序的PC機(jī)承擔(dān)。[Ex.5]聽短文填空1.field2.physical3.name4.programs5.define6.objects7.required8.complex9.method10.divided

Unit4[Ex.1]?根據(jù)TextA回答以下問題1)SuchlanguagesasC,FORTRANorPascalareconsideredhigh-levelbecausetheyareclosertohumanlanguagesandfurtherfrommachinelanguages.2)Assemblelanguagesareconsideredlow-levelbecausetheyareveryclosetomachinelanguages.3)Themainadvantageofhigh-levellanguagesoverlow-levellanguagesisthattheyareeasiertoread,write,andmaintain.4)Programswritteninhigh-levellanguagesaretranslatedintoassemblylanguageormachinelanguagebyacompiler.Assemblylanguageprogramsaretranslatedintomachinelanguagebyaprogramcalledanassembler.5)Programmersstilluseassemblylanguagewhenspeedisessentialorwhentheyneedtoperformanoperationthatisn'tpossibleinahigh-levellanguage.6)FORTRANistheoldesthigh-levelprogramminglanguage.JohnBackusdesigneditforIBMinthelate1950s.Itisstillpopulartoday,particularlyforscientificapplicationsthatrequireextensivemathematicalcomputations.7)Cisaparticularlypopularlanguageforpersonalcomputerprogrammersbecauseitisrelativelysmall--itrequireslessmemorythanotherlanguages.8)ThefeaturesofPythonmentionedinthepassagearecodequality,developerproductivity,codeportability,built-inandexternallibraries,componentintegration,freetouse,modifyandredistribute,andobject-orientedfromthecore.9)ThePythonprogrammingdomainsmentionedinthepassagearewebapplicationdevelopment,scientificandnumericcomputing,GUIprogramming,softwareprototypingandprofessionaltraining.10)Thecoreofthelanguageisactuallyaninterpretedprogramminglanguagethatsupportsmodularprogramming,looping,andbranching.[Ex.2]根據(jù)TextB回答以下問題Whatcanthetermcomputerprogrammerreferto?Thetermcomputerprogrammercanrefertoaspecialistinoneareaofcomputerprogrammingortoageneralistwhowritescodeformanykindsofsoftware.Whatisprogramming(theimplementation)regardedaswithinsoftwareengineering?Withinsoftwareengineering,programming(theimplementation)isregardedasonephaseinasoftwaredevelopmentalprocess.Ingeneral,goodprogrammingisconsideredtobethemeasuredapplicationofallthree,withthegoalofproducinganefficientsoftwaresolution.Whatdoesacomputerprogrammerfigureout?Acomputerprogrammerfiguresouttheprocessofdesigning,writing,testing,debugging/troubleshootingandmaintainingthesourcecodeofcomputerprograms.5)Whatdoestheprocessofwritingsourcecodeoftenrequire?Theprocessofwritingsourcecodeoftenrequiresexpertiseinmanydifferentsubjects,includingknowledgeoftheapplicationdomain,specializedalgorithms,andformallogic.Whathavecomputerprogrammersbeguntodoassoftwaredesignhascontinuedtoadvance,andsomeprogrammingfunctionshavebecomeautomated?Assoftwaredesignhascontinuedtoadvance,andsomeprogrammingfunctionshavebecomeautomated,computerprogrammershavebeguntoassumesomeoftheresponsibilitiesthatwereonceperformedonlybysoftwareengineers.Howmanymaincategoriesofcomputerprogrammersarementionedinthepassage?Whatarethey?Therearefourmaincategoriesofcomputerprogrammersmentionedinthepassage.Theyarecomputerhardwareprogrammers,webdevelopers,softwaredevelopersanddatabasedevelopers.Whatarewebdevelopersresponsiblefor?Webdevelopersarenotonlyresponsibleforthelookofawebsite,butalsoresponsibleforitsperformance,capacity,andsometimescontentcreationaswell.Whataresoftwaredevelopers?Softwaredevelopersarecomputerprogrammersthatfocusondesigningandmanagingprogrammingfunctions.10Whataredatabasedevelopers?Databasedevelopers(ordatabaseprogrammers)arethepeoplewhoareresponsibleforcreatingandimplementingcomputerdatabases.[Ex.3]把下列句子翻譯為中文1)計(jì)算機(jī)程序可以用多種不同的語言編寫。2)一般語言包括Java、C、C++、ForTran、Pascal、Lisp和BASIC。3)有些人把語言分為以下兩種：高級(jí)語言和低級(jí)語言。4)通常高級(jí)語言都可以被解釋或編譯。5)把匯編語言轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)器語言的程序叫做編譯程序。6)每一個(gè)處理器的機(jī)器語言都不同于其他處理器的機(jī)器語言。7)C語言是世界上最流行的語言之一。8)R語言是一種編程語言，主要用于統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)算和圖形。免費(fèi)提供。9)Python是一種編程語言，可以讓您快速工作并更有效地集成系統(tǒng)。10)許多人在談?wù)摼幊陶Z言時(shí)根本不考慮匯編語言和機(jī)器語言。[Ex.4]軟件水平考試真題自測(cè)A、C、B、D、A[Ex.5]聽短文填空1.programming2.considered3.assembly4.high-level5.association6.operating7.standard8.functions9.accessed10.defined

Unit5[Ex.1]?根據(jù)TextA回答以下問題Whatisanoperatingsystem?Anoperatingsystem(OS)is\o"Systemsoftware"systemsoftwarethatmanages\o"Computerhardware"computerhardwareand\o"Computersoftware"softwareresourcesandprovidescommon\o"Daemon(computing)"servicesfor\o"Computerprogram"computerprograms.Whatisthedifferencebetweenasingle-taskingsystemanda\o"Multi-tasking"multi-taskingoperatingsystem?Asingle-taskingoperatingsystemcanonlyrunoneprogramatatimewhilea\o"Multi-tasking"multi-taskingoperatingsystemallowsmorethanoneprogramtoberunninginconcurrency.Whatdoesa\o"Distributedoperatingsystem"distributedoperatingsystemdo?A\o"Distributedoperatingsystem"distributedoperatingsystemmanagesagroupofdistinctcomputersandmakesthemappeartobeasinglecomputer.Whataree\o"Embeddedoperatingsystem"mbeddedoperatingsystemsdesignedtodo?\o"Embeddedoperatingsystem"Embeddedoperatingsystemsaredesignedtobeusedinembeddedcomputersystems.TheyaredesignedtooperateonsmallmachineslikePDAswithlessautonomy.Whatisareal-timeoperatingsystem?A\o"Real-timeoperatingsystem"real-timeoperatingsystemisanoperatingsystemthatguaranteestoprocesseventsordatabyaspecificmomentintime.Whatdointerruptsdo?Interruptsprovideacomputerwithawayofautomaticallysavinglocalregistercontexts,andrunningspecificcodeinresponsetoevents.Whatdoesthecomputer'shardwaredowhenaninterruptisreceived?Whenaninterruptisreceived,thecomputer'shardwareautomaticallysuspendswhateverprogramiscurrentlyrunning,savesitsstatus,andrunscomputercodepreviouslyassociatedwiththeinterrupt.Whatdoessupervisormodeoperationdoingeneralterms?Ingeneralterms,supervisormodeoperationallowsunrestrictedaccesstoallmachineresources,includingallMPUinstructions.Whatdoestheuseofvirtualmemoryaddressing(suchaspagingorsegmentation)mean?Theuseofvirtualmemoryaddressing(suchaspagingorsegmentation)meansthatthekernelcanchoosewhatmemoryeachprogrammayuseatanygiventime,allowingtheoperatingsystemtousethesamememorylocationsformultipletasks.Whatisadevicedriver?Adevicedriverisaspecifictypeofcomputersoftwaredevelopedtoallowinteractionwithhardwaredevices.[Ex.2]根據(jù)TextB填空。physicalstoragefordata,thedesireddatadatatables,jointables,subsettables,validationtablesatable,thesmallestlogicalstructure,databaseallthecolumnsalphanumeric,numeric,dateandtimecharacters,numbers,specialcharacters,nearlyanycombinationkeys,acolumnvalue,arowofdata,establisharelationshiponeormorecolumnvalues,arowofdatauniqueprimaryandforeignkeys,reducedataredundancy,normalization10)one-to-one,one-to-many,many-to-many[Ex.3]把下列句子翻譯為中文1)一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)如果具有同時(shí)執(zhí)行多個(gè)程序的能力，則被稱為分時(shí)系統(tǒng)。2)早期的單一任務(wù)處理操作系統(tǒng)每次僅能運(yùn)行一個(gè)進(jìn)程。3)在這種應(yīng)用程序中，主要的問題是并發(fā)性和原子性。4)這可能不是您需要的，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)中斷應(yīng)用程序的正常流程。5)如果你使用方法1，你一次只能開發(fā)一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)。6)你怎么能限制訪問在多用戶環(huán)境中的文件？7)多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)中，每一個(gè)進(jìn)程都有它自己的內(nèi)存“沙盒”。8)因?yàn)榉植际椒阑饓Ψ植荚谡麄€(gè)企業(yè)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)或服務(wù)器中，所以它具有無限制的擴(kuò)展能力。9)這個(gè)算法的復(fù)雜度又是多少呢？10)我們?cè)诜?wù)器端執(zhí)行類似的過程。[Ex.4]軟件水平考試真題自測(cè)BACBC[Ex.5]聽短文填空1.network2.resources3.connected4.systems5.larger6.devices7.software8.interface9.format10.identify

Unit6[Ex.1]?根據(jù)TextA回答以下問題1)Ahubisahardwaredevicethatcontainsmultiple,independentportsthatmatchthecabletypeofthenetwork.2)Anactivehubstrengthensandregeneratestheincomingsignalsbeforesendingthedataontoitsdestination.3)Arepeaterisadevicethatamplifiesasignalasitpassesthroughit,tocounteracttheeffectsofattenuation.4)ThemaximumsegmentlengthforaUTPcableonanEthernetnetworkis100meters.5)AswitchmustbeabletoreadtheMACaddressofeachframeitreceives.6)Abridgeisusedtojointwonetworksegmentstogether,itallowscomputersoneithersegmenttoaccessresourcesontheother.ItoperatesatboththePhysicalLayerandtheMACsublayeroftheDataLinklayer.7)RoutersaremostoftenusedinlargeinternetworksthatusetheTCP/IPprotocolsuiteandforconnectingTCP/IPhostsandlocalareanetworks(LANs)totheInternetusingdedicatedleasedlines.8)Routerscannotcompileroutingtablesfromtheinformationinthedatapacketstheyprocessbecausetheroutingtablecontainsmoredetailedinformationthanthatisfoundinadatapacket.9)Abroutersisacombinationofrouterandbridge.Ittransmitstwotypesoftrafficattheexactsametime:bridgedtrafficandroutedtraffic.10)Agatewayisadeviceusedtoconnectnetworksusingdifferentprotocols.ItoperatesatthenetworklayeroftheOSImodel.[Ex.2]根據(jù)TextB回答以下問題WhatisNetworkInterfaceCard?NetworkInterfaceCard,orNICisahardwarecardinstalledinacomputersoitcancommunicateonanetwork.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofthenetworkinterfaceadapter?Theprimaryfunctionofthenetworkinterfaceadapteristogenerateandtransmitsignalsoftheappropriatetypeoverthenetworkandtoreceiveincomingsignals.WhatcanIntegratedServicesDigitalNetworkadaptersbeusedtodo?IntegratedServicesDigitalNetworkadapterscanbeusedtosendvoice,data,audio,orvideooverstandardtelephonecabling.Whatdoaccesspointsactas?AccesspointsactaswirelesshubstolinkmultiplewirelessNICsintoasinglesubnet.Whatistransceiver?Transceiver,shortfortransmitter-receiver,isadevicethatbothtransmitsandreceivesanalogordigitalsignals.WhatisatransceiveralsocalledinEthernetnetworks?InEthernetnetworks,atransceiverisalsocalledaMediumAccessUnit(MAU).Whatisafirewallincomputing?Incomputing,afirewallisapieceofhardwareand/orsoftwarewhichfunctionsinanetworkedenvironmenttopreventsomecommunicationsforbiddenbythesecuritypolicy,analogoustothefunctionoffirewallsinbuildingconstruction.Whatistheultimategoaloffirewalls?Theultimategoalistoprovidecontrolledconnectivitybetweenzonesofdifferingtrustlevelsthroughtheenforcementofasecuritypolicyandconnectivitymodelbasedontheleastprivilegeprinciple.Whatisapersonalfirewall?ApersonalfirewallisasoftwareapplicationwhichnormallyfilterstrafficenteringorleavingasinglecomputerthroughtheInternet.Howmanymaincategoriesoffirewallsarethereinreferencetothelayerswherethetrafficcanbeintercepted?Inreferencetothelayerswherethetrafficcanbeintercepted,therearetwomaincategoriesoffirewalls.Theyarenetworklayerfirewalls,eg.iptablesandapplicationlayerfirewalls,eg.TCPWrapper.[Ex.3]把下列句子翻譯為中文1)主動(dòng)式集線器和被動(dòng)式集線器的區(qū)別是什么？2)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)可以是環(huán)型的、星型的或總線型的。3)為了在兩臺(tái)以上的計(jì)算機(jī)之間搭建局域網(wǎng)，必須使用多端口中繼器。4)通過總線拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，所有的工作站都直接連接到傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的主干線上。5)理論上說，星型、環(huán)型、總線拓?fù)浼軜?gòu)都可以將成千上萬臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)連成局域網(wǎng)。6)這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)接收來自路由器的數(shù)據(jù)包，并且只要這臺(tái)計(jì)算和外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信，此過程就會(huì)重復(fù)執(zhí)行。7)網(wǎng)橋路由機(jī)是網(wǎng)橋和路由器的結(jié)合。8)這些路由告訴服務(wù)器如何經(jīng)過默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)到達(dá)特定的主機(jī)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)外部。9)盡管有局限性，各個(gè)公司仍然需要基于網(wǎng)關(guān)的電子郵件過濾軟件。10)同處理以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)一樣，可以查看運(yùn)行的配置，以便在終端服務(wù)器上對(duì)配置進(jìn)行完備性檢查（如果需要的話）。[Ex.4]軟件水平考試真題自測(cè)BCDBA[Ex.5]聽短文填空1.network2.bus3.node4.by5.communicate6.ring7.messages8.collisions9.same10.token

Unit7[Ex.1]?根據(jù)TextA回答以下問題1)Atopologyreferstothemannerinwhichthecableisruntoindividualworkstationsonthenetwork.2)Thedefinitionoftopologygiveninthedictionaryistheconfigurationsformedbytheconnectionsbetweendevicesonalocalareanetwork(LAN)orbetweentwoormoreLANs.3)Therearethreebasicnetworktopologies(notcountingvariationsthereon).Theyarethebus,thestar,andthering.4)Abustopologyisatopologythatconnectseachcomputer(node)toasinglesegmenttrunk.5)Advantagesofbustopology:?Easytoimplementandextend?Wellsuitedfortemporarynetworksthatmustbesetupinahurry?Typicallytheleastcheapesttopologytoimplement?FailureofonestationdoesnotaffectothersDisadvantagesofbustopology:?Difficulttoadminister/troubleshoot?Limitedcablelengthandnumberofstations?Acablebreakcandisabletheentirenetwork;noredundancy?Maintenancecostsmaybehigherinthelongrun?Performancedegradesasadditionalcomputersareadded6)Startopologiesarenormallyimplementedusingtwistedpaircable,specificallyunshieldedtwistedpair(UTP).7)Advantagesofstartopology:?Easytoaddnewstations?Easytomonitorandtroubleshoot?CanaccommodatedifferentwiringDisadvantagesofstartopology:?Failureofhubcripplesattachedstations?Morecablerequired8)Aringtopologyconsistsofasetofstationsconnectedseriallybycable.9)Advantagesofringtopology:?Growthofsystemhasminimalimpactonperformance?AllstationshaveequalaccessDisadvantagesofringtopology:?Mostexpensivetopology?Failureofonecomputermayimpactothers?Complex10)Yes,youcanmixvarioustopologiesonthesamenetwork.OneverycommonexampleisalargeEthernetnetworkwithmultiplehubs.[Ex.2]根據(jù)TextB填空。astandard,describetheflowofdataPhysical,DataLink,Network,Transport,Session,Presentation,Application.standardizethedesignandconstruction,hardwaremanufacturersSystemsNetworkArchitecture(SNA),theOSImodelAllPeopleSeemToNeedDataProcessingthephysicalcharacteristics,theelectricalcharacteristicssublayersatthenetworklayer,destinationcomputerflowcontrol,errorfree,establishing,maintainingtranslation,interpreting,convertingthedata,theuser,thenetwork[Ex.3]把下列句子翻譯為中文1)星形網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種局域網(wǎng)，其中每個(gè)設(shè)備(節(jié)點(diǎn))都以星形結(jié)構(gòu)與中央計(jì)算機(jī)相連。2)電纜調(diào)制解調(diào)器通過同軸電纜電視網(wǎng)發(fā)送和接收數(shù)據(jù)。3)這兩個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)沒有什么明顯的差別。4)適配器使個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)能夠使用外圍設(shè)備。5)總線鼠標(biāo)通過特殊的插卡和端口，而不是通過串行端口，連接到計(jì)算機(jī)總線。6)鼠標(biāo)、鍵盤和打印機(jī)可能都是用電纜與計(jì)算機(jī)相連的。7)網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)通過同軸電纜、光纖電纜或雙絞線連接。8)令牌環(huán)形網(wǎng)絡(luò)以環(huán)行拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)建立，它使用令牌傳遞的方式來調(diào)節(jié)線路上的流量。9)在令牌環(huán)形網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，控制發(fā)送權(quán)的令牌物理環(huán)上從一個(gè)站傳遞到另一個(gè)站。10)令牌總線形網(wǎng)絡(luò)以總線拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)建立，它使用令牌傳遞的方式來調(diào)節(jié)線路上的流量。[Ex.4]軟件水平考試真題自測(cè)答案：A：①B：①C：②D：①E：④參考譯文：軟件質(zhì)量保證現(xiàn)已成為軟件工程的一個(gè)重要分支。正如Buckly和Oston所指出的，有效的軟件質(zhì)量保證可能導(dǎo)致軟件成本的最大限度的降低。然而，在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，軟件管理前進(jìn)道路中的主要障礙是缺乏有用的軟件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？梢越邮芎蛷V為使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的開發(fā)應(yīng)當(dāng)是軟件工程研究的主要目標(biāo)。[Ex.5]聽短文填空1.specific2.cable3.printer4.sizes5.file6.shares7.differs8.building9.router10.telephone

Unit8[Ex.1]?根據(jù)TextA回答以下問題1.Networksecurityconsistsofthepoliciesandpracticesadoptedtopreventandmonitor\o"Unauthorized"unauthorizedaccess,misuse,modification,ordenialofacomputernetworkandnetwork-accessibleresources.2.Networksecurityinvolvestheauthorizationofaccesstodatainanetwork,whichiscontrolledbythenetworkadministrator.3.Themostcommonandsimplewayofprotectinganetworkresourceisbyassigningitauniquenameandacorrespondingpassword.4.Ahoneypotencouragesattackerstospendtheirtimeandenergyonthedecoyserverwhiledistractingtheirattentionfromthedataontherealserver.5.Thepurposeofahoneynetisalsotoinviteattackssothattheattacker'smethodscanbestudiedandthatinformationcanbeusedtoincreasenetworksecurity.6.Themostbasicbutoftenoverlookedelementofnetworksecurityinvolveskeepinghardwareprotectedfromtheftorphysicalintrusion.7.Thefewcommon-sensebestpracticesinpasswordmanagementmentionedinthepassagewhichwillgreatlyimprovethesecurityprotectiononacomputernetworkare:·setstrongpasswords,orpasscodes,onalldevicesthatjointhenetwork·changethedefaultadministratorpasswordofnetworkrouters·donotsharepasswordswithothersmore