2024年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)突破訓(xùn)練名詞含解析

名詞考點(diǎn)一、名詞的分類(lèi)及用法名詞意義:表示人/事物或抽象概念的詞。如:Shanghai,Lilei,desk專(zhuān)出名詞一般名詞國(guó)名地名人名團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱(chēng)可數(shù)名詞不行數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞首字母大寫(xiě)表單個(gè)的人或者事物表一群人或一些事物的總稱(chēng)表無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)表抽象概念的詞如:Jim,June,China,Harbin.teacher,apple…family,police…water,money…h(huán)ealth,friendship…考點(diǎn)二、可數(shù)名詞(個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式A.不規(guī)則改變常見(jiàn)的有:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice...單復(fù)數(shù)同型:ChineseJapanesepeoplesheepdeerfish(中日友好永不變)aChinese—twoChinese;aJapanese—fourJapanese(英法聯(lián)盟a變e)anEnglish—eightEnglishmen;anFrenchman—nineFrenchmen(其他后面加s)aGerman—fiveGermansB.規(guī)則改變狀況構(gòu)成例詞一般的詞＋sday-daysdesk-desks以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾＋esmatch-matchesboss-bosses*tomatoes,potatoes,heroes以輔音＋y結(jié)尾改y為i＋esbaby-babiesfly-flies以f/fe結(jié)尾改f為v＋eswife-wivesleaf-leaves考點(diǎn)三、不行數(shù)名詞及其用法(1)不行數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與a/an或詳細(xì)數(shù)字連用,但特指某物時(shí)可以與定冠詞the連用。(2)要表示肯定的數(shù)量時(shí),常與acupof,apieceof等量詞連用,如acupoftea一杯茶;twobottlesofwater兩瓶水(3)只能修飾不行數(shù)名詞的詞有:alittle(一點(diǎn)),little(幾乎沒(méi)有),much/agreatdealof/alargeamountof(很多)workhomeworkweatheradvicenewsprogressinformationhouseworkfunweightknowledgeEnglishfooddrinkorangericebreadmeatchickenporkbeef......考點(diǎn)四、名詞的全部格的構(gòu)成及其用法。名詞的全部格：在英語(yǔ)中,有生命的名詞及表示時(shí)間距離國(guó)家城市的名詞,常在詞尾加's表示所屬關(guān)系,叫做名詞的全部格。翻譯成:"的"。如:Tom'sbike(湯姆的單車(chē))名詞的全部格例詞例句①干脆在詞尾加'sKate'sbag,Children'sDay,Women'sDay②以s結(jié)尾的名詞全部格,在詞尾加'Teachers'Day,students'books③表示兩人共同擁有的人或物,在后一個(gè)人名后加'sLucyandLily'smother(共同的媽媽)④表示兩人分別擁有的人或物,則兩個(gè)人名后都要加'sTom'sandJim'srooms(各自的房間)⑤表某人的家店鋪?zhàn)≌步ㄖ鹊孛麜r(shí),全部格后面的名詞經(jīng)常省略:atthedoctor's(在醫(yī)務(wù)室);atTom's(在湯姆的家)⑥表示無(wú)生命名詞的全部格,用of表達(dá)thedooroftheroom,thecoloroftheclothes⑦雙重全部格:用's全部格/與of全部格相結(jié)合。Afriendofmyfather's,abookofmine留意:但是有些表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值、國(guó)家和城市等無(wú)生命的名詞,也可加's構(gòu)成全部格今日的報(bào)紙today'snewspaper八天的假期an8-dayholidayeightdays'holiday五分鐘的步行路程afive-minutewalkfiveminutes'walk一、單項(xiàng)填空1.Pleasekeepquiet.Ifyoumakealotof,youmaydisturbothers.

A.voice B.noise C.sound D.singing2.Hebought.

A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoe D.twopairofshoe3.—Whereisyourseat?—It’sbetweenseats,inRow6.

A.JackandJohnB.Jack’sandJohn C.Jack’sandJohn’s D.JackandJohn’s4.HewasborninShanxi,butShandonghasbecomehissecond.

A.home B.familyC.houseD.place5.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme.

A.twoorange B.twobottleoforangesC.twobottlesoforange D.twobottlesoforanges6.Alltheteachersandstudentsarehavingameetingthere.

A.women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girls D.woman;girl7.CouldyoupleasetellmesomeaboutXi’anInternationalHorticulturalExpo(世界園藝博覽會(huì))?

A.information B.adviceC.opinions D.ideas8.Theydon’thavetodotoday.

A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomework D.muchhomeworks9.—Couldyoupleasetakea(n)fortheheadteacher?

—Sure,I’llbegladto.A.informationB.messageC.news D.sentence10.Theofmosttreeswillfallinautumn.

A.leaf B.leafsC.leavesD.leave11.Thelittlehastwoalready.

A.baby;teeth B.baby;toothC.babies;toothD.babies;teeth12.—Didyouhearanystrangewhentheearthquakehappened?

—No,Iwasinmygardenenjoyingthebeautifulofmybirdsatthattime.

A.voice;noise B.noise;soundC.voice;sound D.sound;voice13.ProfessorWanggaveusaveryusefulonhowtopreparefortheexam.

A.advice B.informationC.experience D.suggestion14.Itisbettertotravel10,000milesthantoread10,000books,soit’simportanttohaverealwithlanguages,culturesandsocieties.

A.communicationB.experienceC.knowledge D.influence15.—Oh,no!Wehavemissedthetrain.Whatshouldwedo?—I’mafraidwehavenobuttowaitforanotherone.

A.decision B.informationC.reasonD.choice二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Theysuccessfullysavedtwo(child)lives.

2.Youshouldknowthe(different)betweenthetwobooks.

3.Wesawsome(mouse)inthedirtyoldhouse.

4.Everyyear,（百萬(wàn)）ofpeopledonatemoneytotheHopeProject．5.Howexcellentyour（pronounce）is!Youmusthaveagoodteacher.6.Thereareseveral(library)inthecity.

7.Therearesix(Frenchman)talkingloudlyintheroom.

8.(teacher)DayisonSeptember10th.

9.Wehopethatmore（China）willwinhonourforourcountry.10.Moreactionmustbetakentostop（pollute）．三、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。neighborpeopletrainingskillfishchancedifficultylearnermoneything“Thanksforprovidinguswithsuchagoodtrainingprogram.The1programwillhelpuslivewell.IwillstudyhardandlearndifferentskillssothatIcansolvemyfamily2anddogoodtoothers.”alearneronthejobtrainingprogramsaid,feelingexcited.The3fatherisdisabled,andhismotherisillinbed.Thefamilyisverypoor.Sohehastofindajobtomake4.Thelearnergraduatedfromhighschoolanddidn’thavethechancetogotothecollege.Thejobtrainingprogramcanhelphimtolearnthe5thathe’llneedintheworkplace.Thestorymakesmethinkofanotherstory.Itgoeslikethis:Longlongago,therewasaman,hewasabletocatchalotof6everyday.Healwayssharedhisfishwithhis7becausetheydidn’tknowhowtofish.Oneday,hecalledthemtogethertoshowthemhowtofish.Everyonewashappyastheycouldeatthefishtheycaughtbythemselves.Now,therearestillmanypoor8intheworld.Butit’snotgoodifwegiveonlyfoodtothem.Instead,weshouldgivethema9tolearnnewskills.Therefore,technicaltrainingisveryimportanttopeopleinneedandtheywilllearntheskillstomakemoney.Peoplecanlearnlotsofuseful10inthetrainingprogramandwhattheylearncanhelpthemfindjobs.四、完形填空TomwokeuponMondaymorning.Hefeltsick.HealwaysfeltsickonMonday1.Hehadtogotoschoolforawholeweek!Healmostwishedtherewereno2.Itwasevenmoredifficultforhimtogobacktoschool!Helayinbedandwonderedwhat3hecouldmakethistime.Helookedathisbody,butcouldfindnothingwrong.Alittleheadache?No.Hehadusedthatexcusemany4.Thenherealizedthatoneofhis5wasloose(松動(dòng)).Good!Hewasjustgoingtostartgroaning(呻吟)whenhethoughtthatAuntPollywouldpullthetoothout.Thatwouldhurt!Helookedforsomethingelse.Suddenlyherememberedwhatthedoctorhadsaidaboutacertainproblemwith6.Hepulledhisright7outandlookedatit.Oneofthetoeswasreallyhurting,Tombegantogroan.“What’swrongwithyou?”AuntPollyasked.“Mytoehurts.”Theoldladyfellintoa8,smellingalittle.“Tom,youfrightenedme.Nowshutupatonceandgetoutofbed.”Tomfeltlikea9beingcaught.“Well,itseemedallright.IthurtsomuchthatIforgotmytooth.”“Tooth,eh?What’swrongwithyourtooth?”“Oneofthemislooseandithurtsbadly.”“No10,”answeredAuntPolly.“Icanpullitout.”“Please,Auntie!Don’tpullitout.Ithasstoppedhurtingnow.Please!”“Noway!Well,you’llhaveyourtoothoutandyou’llgotoschool?1.A.MondayB.morningsC.afternoonD.evening2.A.week-dayB.week-days C.week-endsD.week-ends3.A.wayB.excuse C.idea D