2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第2部分人與社會主題群4科學(xué)與技術(shù)主題語境2科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新科學(xué)精神信息安全教師用書教案

PAGE主題語境(二)科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，科學(xué)精神，信息平安閱讀理解A(2024·全國卷Ⅱ·B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot，ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes，”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould，andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently，andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However，boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls，andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了接觸智力嬉戲有助于孩子發(fā)展與數(shù)學(xué)相關(guān)的技能，特殊是孩子的空間技能。1．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A．Buildingconfidence.B．Developingspatialskills.C．Learningself-control.D．Gaininghigh-techknowledge.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“PsychologistSusanLevine...foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.”以及第三段內(nèi)容可知，孩子們通過玩智力嬉戲可以培育空間技能。故選B。]2．WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A．Parents'age.B．Children'simagination.C．Parents'education.D．Child-parentrelationship.C[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.”可知，Levine在設(shè)計試驗時，考慮到了父母的收入、教化程度以及與孩子說話的多少。故選C。]3．Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A．Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B．Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C．Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D．Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段最終一句“However，boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls...”可知，男孩較女孩而言，傾向于玩更困難的智力嬉戲。故選D。]4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Amathematicalmethod.B．Ascientificstudy.C．Awomanpsychologist.D．Ateachingprogram.B[主旨大意題。閱讀全文內(nèi)容，尤其是最終一段“ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.”可知，該篇文章主要介紹的是一項科學(xué)探討。故選B。]B(2024·天津7月卷·C)Forpeoplewhoareinterestedinsound，thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast，soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios，butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice，pointsitatthesuspect，andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice(LRAD，遠程定向聲波放射器)．Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson，butitisnotForthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet，soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyouareattheairport，andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain，andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine，aBritishinvention，youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well，itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineon，pointitatthetarget，andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光燈)areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly，a“spotsound”createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu，allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的三項獨創(chuàng)。5．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD?A．Itcausestemporaryhearingloss.B．Itslowsdownarunningman.C．Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect.D．Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.A[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.”可知，遠程定向聲波放射器會發(fā)出一種響徹云霄的聲音，這種聲音讓人特別苦痛，會使人短暫殘疾。由此可知，這種短暫殘疾就是短暫性失聰，所以選擇A項。]6．TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto________.A．silencethepeoplearoundyouB．removethesoundofcommercialsC．blocktheincomingsoundwavesD．stopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyouD[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Well，itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves...andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.”可知，SilenceMachine能避開不必要的聲音影響你，所以選擇D項。]7．Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare?A．Theytravelincircles.B．Theycleartheatmosphere.C．Theycanbetransformedintoenergy.D．Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage；similarly，a‘spotsound’createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.”可知，spotsound和spotlight的共同點是它們可以被引導(dǎo)到一個特定的區(qū)域，所以選擇D項。]8．Directedsoundcanbeusedfor________.A．creativedesignsofrestaurantmenusB．idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstageC．differentchoicesofmusicforbusinessesD．strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomerC[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Thiscanbeusefulforbusinesses...Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu，allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.”可知，Directedsound可以用于公司為顧客供應(yīng)不同的音樂，所以選擇C項。]9．Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A．Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.B．Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.C．Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound.D．Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.B[主旨大意題。作者在第一段中拋出話題“聲音技術(shù)”，并在其次、三、四段中介紹了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的三個產(chǎn)品。由此可知，文章主要關(guān)注的是聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的獨創(chuàng)，所以選擇B項。]C(2024·全國卷Ⅰ·C)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon，themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities，andbyextension，whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology，theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped，withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive，plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科研報道。來自佐治亞理工學(xué)院的探討人員獨創(chuàng)了一種智能鍵盤，可以通過分析用戶的打字模式來推斷該用戶是不是平安訪客。10．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A．Toreducepressureonkeys.B．Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C．Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D．Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段第一句“ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.”以及第一段最終一句“Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.”可推知，探討者研發(fā)這種智能鍵盤是為了降低網(wǎng)絡(luò)平安愛護技術(shù)的成本。]11．Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A．Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B．Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C．Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D．Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.C[推理推斷題。題干問的是“是什么讓智能鍵盤的獨創(chuàng)成為可能”，也就是問這一獨創(chuàng)的核心依據(jù)是什么。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities...”可知，正是因為每個人的打字模式不同，這種智能鍵盤就可以通過分析用戶的打字力度及節(jié)奏等來推斷該用戶是不是平安訪客，故C項符合題意。]12．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B．It'llreachconsumerssoon.C．It'llbemadeofplastics.D．It'llhelpspeeduptyping.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干“探討者對于智能鍵盤有什么期望”可干脆定位到最終一段的最終一句話“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”該團隊希望在不久的將來將智能鍵盤推向市場，故選B項。]13．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. D．Amagazine.D[文章出處題。依據(jù)本文的話題“智能鍵盤”以及其次段中的“ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice...”，尤其是其中的關(guān)鍵詞researchers，low-costdevice等來推斷，這篇文章是一篇科研報道，最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上。]D(2024·全國卷Ⅱ·D)Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation，soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem？It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms，liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport，NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity，andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解決方案)．“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades，otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically，it's‘I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen，attheendoftheyear，presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview，and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria？GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem，readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.【語篇解讀】主題：人與社會(科學(xué)與技術(shù))；話題：處理太空細菌。本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國一所中學(xué)與NASA合作的聯(lián)合科研項目，解決國際空間站中的細菌問題。這類語篇對于啟發(fā)與培育學(xué)生良好的思維品質(zhì)有主動的引導(dǎo)作用。14．WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A．Theyarehardtogetridof.B．Theyleadtoairpollution.C．Theyappearindifferentforms.D．Theydamagetheinstruments.A[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“ThemicroorganismsfromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation，soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.”可知，來自我們身體的微生物在太空站的表面增長得很快，宇航員每周得花很長時間清理它們，由此斷定太空站里的細菌很難清除，故答案為A。]15．WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A．Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B．Tosharpenstudents'communicationskills.C．Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D．Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知，HUNCH項目的目的是把學(xué)校教化與航天技術(shù)聯(lián)系在一起，故答案為D。]16．WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A．Checktheirproduct.B．Guideprojectdesigns.C．Adjustworkschedules.D．Gradetheirhomework.A[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的最終兩句“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview...It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知，NASA工程師親自檢查那些中學(xué)學(xué)生的產(chǎn)品，故答案為A。]17．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NASA：TheHomeofAstronautsB．Space：TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC．Nature：AnOutdoorClassroomD．HUNCH：ACollegeAdmissionReformB[標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一個項目：把中學(xué)的教室教學(xué)與太空的探討聯(lián)系起來，使學(xué)生們得到NASA工程師們的指導(dǎo)。因此在選標題時既要有太空，還要有學(xué)生，選項B將其完備地結(jié)合了起來，故答案為B。]Ⅰ.寫出所給單詞的漢語意思1．psychologistn．心理學(xué)家2．frequentlyadv.頻繁地3．professionaln．專家；專業(yè)人員4．phenomenonn．現(xiàn)象5．temporarilyadv.臨時地6．a(chǎn)tmospheren．大氣；氛圍7．identityn．身份8．preciselyadv.精確地9．straightforwardadj.坦率的10．overcomev．戰(zhàn)勝，克服11．gravityn．重力12．projectn．工程；項目13．basicallyadv.基本上14．impactn．影響15．instrumentn．工具Ⅱ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出英文單詞1．puzzlev．迷惑n．謎2．controlv．限制3．pointv．指n．點4．deadlyadj.致命的5．upsetadj.懊喪v．使擔(dān)心6．stagen．舞臺，階段7．reviewn．評論8．a(chǎn)bsorbv．汲?、?依據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1．a(chǎn)ssessv．評估→assessmentn．評估2．statev．陳述→n.statement陳述3．disablev．使失去實力→disabilityn．殘疾，失能4．directv．指示，指導(dǎo)→directionn．方向5．privateadj.私人的→privacyn．隱私6．secureadj.平安的→securityn．平安7．pressv．按，壓→pressuren．壓力8．strengthn．力氣；力氣→strengthenv．加強Ⅳ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出慣用習(xí)語1．thanks_to_幸虧，由于2．a(chǎn)t_present目前3．come_up_with提出4．a(chǎn)pply_to適用于5．other_than除了[即時演練]單句語法填空1．Davidhasastrongbody.Hehasthestrengthtodothishardwork.Wehadbetterstrengthen(strength)therelationshipbetweenus.2．Themirrorsare_controlled(control)byacomputerthatdirectsthemtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthedayandtocloseduringwindyweather.3．Iwasupsetto_find(find)mywalletmissingonarrivingattheairport.4．Atpresent，Englishisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourlife.5．Findoutaheadoftimewhatregulationsapplytoyoursituation.6．Shemakesnoreferencetoanyfeminist(女權(quán)主義者)workotherthanherown.Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1．Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes.變換；轉(zhuǎn)換2．Thethiefdropstotheground.倒下3．Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.渴望Ⅱ.似易實難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1．ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.[譯文]佐治亞理工學(xué)院的探討人員說，他們已研發(fā)出一個低成本的設(shè)備來解決這個問題：智能鍵盤。2．GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.[譯文]戈登說，他的學(xué)生每天都會給美國宇航局的工程師發(fā)郵件探討這個問題，打算著一個可行的太空測試方案。Ⅲ.困難晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1．PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.[分析]本句是復(fù)合句。主句主語是PsychologistSusanLevine，其后跟了一個較長的同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前面的children。[譯文]心理學(xué)家蘇珊·萊文是芝加哥高校幼兒算術(shù)實力開發(fā)的專家，她發(fā)覺在2—4歲之間玩拼圖嬉戲的孩子后期都發(fā)展出更好的空間技能。2．Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.[分析]本句主語是theresearchers，謂語部分有兩個，analyzedvideorecordings和foundchildren...havebetterspatialskills。who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾children；when后面跟過去分詞短語，相當(dāng)于狀語從句。[譯文]探討人員分析了53對孩子和父母在家中日?；顒拥匿浵?，發(fā)覺當(dāng)在54個月大評估時，26個月到46個月大的玩拼圖嬉戲的孩子有更好的空間技能。3．Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.[分析]本句是由but連接的兩個分句構(gòu)成。but前的分句是個簡潔句。but后分句的主語是manyoftoday'ssoundprofessionals，謂語部分是aresharing...,tocreatenewproducts是目的狀語，basedonthephenomenon是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾products，wecallsound是定語從句，修飾phenomenon，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that/which。[譯文]過去音響工程師在錄音棚的后臺工作，但現(xiàn)在的許多音響專業(yè)人員則和其他領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人員共享他們的學(xué)問和閱歷，以便創(chuàng)建出基于我們稱之為“聲音”這種現(xiàn)象的新產(chǎn)品。4．Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.[分析]主語是thekeyboard，謂語是determine。本句的賓語較為困難，包括people'sidentities和賓語從句whethertheyshouldbegivenaccessto...，二者通過and連接。破折號后的內(nèi)容是進一步說明，其中whethersomeonegetsthepasswordright是regardlessof的賓語從句。[譯文]因此，鍵盤可以確認人們的身份，進而確定是否應(yīng)當(dāng)允許他們訪問鍵盤所連接的電腦，不管某人是否正確輸入了密碼。1．a(chǎn)mountn．?dāng)?shù)量v．總計，相當(dāng)于(1)“ahuge/largeamountof＋不行數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)(2)“hugeamountsof＋不行數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)(3)amountto總計；達到ahugeamountofcoal大量的煤炭hugeamountsofwaste大量的垃圾amounttoarefusal相當(dāng)于拒絕[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Agoodamountofsleepeverynightis(be)importantforyourhealth.②Thetotalsalesofthecompanydidn'tamounttomorethanamilliondollars.[實力提升]——一句多譯為了緩解交通壓力，迄今為止已經(jīng)花了大量的錢修新馬路。①Inordertoeasethetrafficpressure,a_huge/large_amount_of_money_has_been_spentonthenewhighwayssofar.(amount)②Inordertoeasethetrafficpressure,huge/large_amounts_of_money_have_been_spentonthenewhighwayssofar.(amounts)2．pointn．觀點；地點；要點；階段；分數(shù)v．指向；面對；示意(1)onthepointof剛要……的時候(2)fromone'spointofview在某人看來(3)thereisnopointofdoingsth.做某事沒有意義makeapointofdoingsth.特意做某事(4)tothepoint切題；offthepoint離題(5)pointout指出makeanoteofthekeypointsinclass在課堂上登記要點onthepointofsayingsomethingwheninterrupted剛要說點什么，突然被打斷了pointoutthespellingmistakesinhiswriting指出他寫作中的拼法錯誤[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Youmustkeepthesepoints(point)inmindwhilesettingyourgoals.②Theseteachingslitupmymind,pointed(point)outthedirectionandgavemeendlessstrength.③Itwasaturningpoint,asignthatthingsarestartingtogoinourfavor.④Let'scomestraighttothepointbecausewedon'thaveenoughtime.[實力提升]——一句多譯她剛要出門，這時電話鈴響了。①Shewas_on_the_point_of_going_out_whenthetelephonerang.(point)②Shewas_about_to_go_out_whenthetelephonerang.(about)3．rangen．山脈；范圍；一系列v．排列；變更；變動(1)rangefrom...to...＝rangebetween...and...在……范圍內(nèi)變動(2)arangeof一系列……awiderangeof大范圍的；各種各樣的(3)in/withintherange(ofsth.)在……范圍內(nèi)outof/beyondtherange(ofsth.)在……范圍外arangeofproducts一系列產(chǎn)品awiderangeofsocial，culturalandeconomicbackgrounds不同的社會、文化和經(jīng)濟背景inthe16－19agerange在16到19歲之間amountainrange山脈[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.②Thepriceofthecarrangesfrom20,000dollarsto30,000dollars,whichiswithinhisrange,sohedecidestobuyitatonce.[實力提升]——詞匯升級一般表達：Inadditiontothesetraditionalactivities，wehavemanydifferentchoicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.高級表達：Inadditiontothesetraditionalactivities，wehavea_wide_range_ofchoicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.4．directvt.&vi.導(dǎo)演；指示；指揮adj.直的；干脆的；直率的(1)directionn．方向；指導(dǎo)；指示；說明書(常用復(fù)數(shù))inthedirectionof朝……方向inalldirections＝ineverydirection朝四面八方underthedirectionof在……的指導(dǎo)下(2)directlyadv.干脆地conj.一……就……directone'sattentionto將某人的留意力轉(zhuǎn)向……anewfilmdirectedbyanewdirector新導(dǎo)演導(dǎo)演的一部新電影runawayinthedirectionofthecinema向著電影院的方向跑去[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中direct的詞性和含義①(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthatdirectsthemtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthedayandtocloseduringwindyweather.v．指揮②IloveNewYorkers—they'resharp,funny,anddirect.adj.直率的③TheBeijing's8-minuteshowdirectedbyZhangYimouattractedtheworld.v.導(dǎo)演④(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-March...adj.干脆的[實力提升]——完成句子①老師一進來，大家都靜了下來。Directly/As_soon_as/The_moment_the_teacher_came_in，everyonewasquiet.②在老師的指導(dǎo)下，他很簡潔完成了工作。Under_the_direction_of_the_teacher，hefinishedtheworkeasily.③在運用該設(shè)備之前肯定要先閱讀運用說明。Besuretoread_the_directions_beforeusingtheequipment.5．measurevi.&vt.測量；衡量；判定n．計量制；計量單位；措施(1)measure...by...用……來衡量……bemeasuredby/in...用……來計算/衡量(2)takemeasures(todosth.)實行措施(做某事)make...toone'smeasure按某人的尺寸訂做……takeeffectivemeasures實行有效措施measuringinstruments測量儀器measuremorethan9metersinheight高達9米多[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Thenewbridgeunderconstruction,measuring_(measure)twiceaslongastheoldone,isduetobecompletedin2024.②Wemusttakepreventivemeasures(measure)toreducecrimeinthearea.[實力提升]——句式升級一般表達：It'shightimethatweshouldtake/tookmeasurestopreventairfrombeingpolluted.高級表達：It'shightimethatmeasures_should_be_taken/were_taken_to_prevent_air_from_being_polluted.(被動語態(tài))1．Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.不過，目前這些技術(shù)依舊昂貴。[句型公式]本句運用了though的句型，表示“不過，然而”。(1)though用作副詞，此用法放在所引導(dǎo)句子的末尾或者中間，常用逗號隔開，相當(dāng)于however。(2)though用作連詞可以放在所引導(dǎo)分句的句首，表示“盡管”，相當(dāng)于although。(3)用于倒裝句，相當(dāng)于as。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——完成句子①盡管他是個孩子，但干得很好。Child_though/as_he_was,_hedidquitewell.②工作很辛苦，不過我樂意干。It'shardwork；I_enjoy_it,_though.[實力提升]——一句多譯他可能會拒絕，不過問一下也沒什么壞處。①He'llprobablysayno,thoughit'sworthasking.②He'llprobablysayno.It'sworthasking，though/however.③Although/Thoughhe'llprobablysayno,it'sworthasking.2．Therealmostarenogrades，other_than“Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？”幾乎沒有成果等級，除了問一下“你在朝著目標努力嗎？”(1)otherthan可以表示“與……不同的”。(2)otherthan經(jīng)?？勺g為“除了……以外”。(3)no...otherthan作“除……外……不”講。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Doesanybodyotherthanyouyourselfknowthis?②Theformcannotbesignedbyanyoneotherthanyourself.[實力提升]——完成句子我們六月份外出，除此之外，我整個夏天都會在這里。WearegoingawayinJunebutother_than_thatI'llbehereallsummer.夯基固本·學(xué)問落實Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．It'sgenerallyacknowledgedthateducationshouldn'tbe_measured(measure)onlybyexaminationresults.2．Hewasatgreatpainsto_point(point)outmymistake.3．Largeamountsofwaterare(be)neededforthecropsasaresultofthedryclimate.4．Ihavenoambitionsotherthanto_have(have)ahappylife.5．Thereisnosuchthingasfailureintheworld.Failureisjustlifetryingmovingusinanotherdirection(direct)．Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1．Thoughfriendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,wenowlacktimetocommunicatewiththemfacetoface.2．ThankstomyEnglishteacher'shelp，myEnglishscoresarealwaysonthetopofmyclass.3．Afterschool，shedirectlywentoffinthedirectionofthecinematoseethenewfilmdirectedbythefamousdirector.4．Asyoucansee,ourgovernmenthastakenarangeofmeasurestoprotectandimproveourlivingsurroundings.5．Sofarnoonehascomeupwithaconvincingexplanationofwhydinosaursdiedout.強技提能·學(xué)問應(yīng)用Ⅰ.閱讀七選五(2024·山東師大附中4月模擬)Ifyouarethinkingaboutredecoratingthehome，youareprobablysearchingaboutinterior(內(nèi)部的)decorationideas.Redecoratingpresentsagreatchancetoreflectyourpersonalitybydisplayingyourstyleandinterest.Itwillbeeasytoredecoratethehomeifmoneyisnotarestriction.1Herearesometipsonhowtodoso：Searchsomemagazines.YoucangetdozensofinteriordecorationideasfromcountlessmagazinesandTVprograms.Someprogramstendtoshowlesscostlyinteriordecorationideas.2It'sagoodwayofcomparingdifferentstyles.Hereyoucanmakeadistinctionbetweenthecountrystyleandthecontemporarystyle.Fondofprimitivestyle.Ifyouarefondofprimitiveortraditionalstyle，warmercolorsarethebestfortheroom.Thesecolorsgowithallkindsofclothofoldstyleandwoodenfurniture.3Modernstyle.Ifyoulikemodernstyle，usebrightercolorsinsteadofwhiteandoff-white.Homedecorationofthesestylesincludesminimumdisorderandalotoffreespaceandlight.Leatherfurniturematchestheroom：whiteorblackwithcontrastingcushions(靠墊)perseatingplace.45Thisoftenoccursanyway，especiallyifthepeoplegiveyoufurnitureoryouinherit(繼承)thesame.Ifyouwishtocombinedifferentpiecesoffurniturefromdifferentstyles，youneedtobridgethegapbetweenthem.Thiscanbedoneeasilywithmaterialslikethrowpillows，wallhangingsandcarpets.A．Awhiteoneonablacksofasuitshere.B．Thereisnothingwronginmixingtwostyles.C．AnothereffectiveandaffordableoptionisbysurfingtheInternet.D．Thecombinationsandpossibilitiesinthefirstdecorationareendless.E．Autumncolorsgowelltoproduceawarm，friendlyandpleasantatmosphere.F．Nevertheless，thequestionformostishowtoredecoratethehomewithinlimitedbudget.G．Thewallstendtohaveoneortwopiecesofwallartratherthan6to10oftheoldertime.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了幾種重新裝修的方法，利用這些方法裝修可以展示你的風(fēng)格和愛好，反映你的特性。1．F[細微環(huán)節(jié)句。上文“Itwillbeeasytoredecoratethehomeifmoneyisnotarestriction.(假如錢不受限制的話，重新裝修房子會很簡潔。)”與F項“Nevertheless，thequestionformostishowtoredecoratethehomewithinlimitedbudget.(然而，對大多數(shù)人來說，問題是如何在有限的預(yù)算內(nèi)重新裝修房子。)”連接自然，都談到和裝修有關(guān)的資金問題，其中money和budget屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選F項。]2．C[過渡句。上文提到了一種建議：“Searchsomemagazines.”，而C項“AnothereffectiveandaffordableoptionisbysurfingtheInternet.”中的關(guān)鍵詞Another承接上文，前后部分介紹了兩種找尋裝修風(fēng)格的途徑，故選C項。]3．E[細微環(huán)節(jié)句。上文“Thesecolorsgowithallkindsofclothofoldstyleandwoodenfurniture.(這些顏色與各種舊式布料和木制家具相配。)”與E項“Autumncolorsgowelltoproduceawarm，friendlyandpleasantatmosphere.(秋天的顏色很適合產(chǎn)生一種暖和、友好和開心的氣氛)”相呼應(yīng)，前后話題一樣，都是關(guān)于顏色和其他部分的搭配，其中colors是關(guān)鍵詞，屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選E項。]4．A[細微環(huán)節(jié)句。上文“whiteorblackwithcontrastingcushionsperseatingplace”與A項“Awhiteoneonablacksofasuitshere.”相呼應(yīng)，都講解并描述了顏色對比顯明的話題，其中white和black是關(guān)鍵詞，屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A項。]5．B[主題句。依據(jù)下文“Ifyouwishtocombinedifferentpiecesoffurniturefromdifferentstyles，youneedtobridgethegapbetweenthem.Thiscanbedoneeasilywithmaterialslikethrowpillows，wallhangingsandcarpets.”可知，本段主要講解并描述了把兩種風(fēng)格的家具混合在一起增加美感，故B項“Thereisnothingwronginmixingtwostyles.(把兩種風(fēng)格混在一起沒有問題。)”可作為本段主題句。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—1.________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis2.________(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe，Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3.________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4.________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山)，moreso5.________thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-46.________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscie