常見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表

常見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表(原形→過去式→過去分詞)be(am,is)wasbeenloselostlostbe(are)werebeenmakemademadebeatbeatbeatenmaymightbecomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeantbeginbeganbegunmeetmetmetblowblewblownmistakemistookmistakenbreakbrokebrokenmustmustbringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuiltbuiltputputputbuyboughtboughtreadreadReadcancouldrideroderiddencatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnsetsetsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshoulddrivedrovedrivenshineshoneshoneeatateeatenshowshowedshownfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungfindfoundfoundsinksank/sunksunk/sunkenflyflewflownsitsetsetforgetforgotforgot/forgottensleepsleptsleptfreezefrozefrozensmellsmeltsmeltgetgotgotspeakspokespokengivegavegivenspendspentspentgowentgonespillspiltspiltgrowgrewgrownspoilspoiltspoilthanghung/hangedhung/hangedstandstoodstoodhave(has)hadhadsweepsweptswepthearheardheardswimswamswumhidehidhiddentaketooktakenhithithitteachtaughttaughtholdheldheldtelltoldtoldhurthurthurtthinkthoughtthoughtkeepkeptkeptthrowthrewthrownknowknewknownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodlaylaidlaidwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedwearworewornleaveleftleftwillwouldlendlentlentwinwonwonletletletwritewrotewittenlielaylain常見動(dòng)詞用法辨析(1)“Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形+…?”(干嘛不……?)是簡(jiǎn)略句,完全形式是：Whydon’tyou+動(dòng)詞原形+…?如：Whynotgoandhavealook?(干嘛不去看看？)/Whynottryitonceagain?(為什么不再試試？)(2)seem(好象)的用法：記住幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：①sb./sth.+seem+(tobe+)形容詞+…；②sb./sth.+seem+like+…；③sb/sth+seem+to(do)；④Itseemsthat+從句。如：Heseemed(tobe)veryhappywhenhewascalledbytheheadmaster.(被校長(zhǎng)叫到名字時(shí)他好象很開心)/ItseemsthatnobodyelsecoulddosuchafoolishthingexceptJim.(除了吉姆好象沒有什么人會(huì)做出如此愚蠢的事情來)(3)beafraid(害怕)的用法：記住幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：①beafraidofsth;beafraidof(doing);②beafraidto(do);③beafraidthat+從句。如：Sheisalittleafraidofsnakes.(她有點(diǎn)怕蛇)/Don’tbesoafraidtostayathomealoneatnight.(別害怕晚上一個(gè)人在家)/I’mafraidthatsomebodywilltakehisplacebecauseofhisseriousmistakes.(恐怕有人要取代他了,因?yàn)樗噶四敲创蟮腻e(cuò)誤)(4)besorry(抱歉)的用法：記住幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：①besorryfor(sth);②besorryfor(doingsth);③besorryto(do);④besorrythat+從句。如：Iamverysorryforkeepingyouwaitingsolong.(不好意思讓你久等了)Iamsorrytotroubleyou.(對(duì)不起,麻煩你了)/Iamsorry(that)heisn’thereatthemoment.(恐怕他現(xiàn)在不在)(5)besure(確信)的用法：記住幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：①besureof(sth);②besureto(do);③besurethat+從句。如：Shetoldmemanytimesthatshewassuretocome.(她給我講過多次她一定會(huì)來的)/Areyousureofyouranswer?Maybeit’swrong.(你對(duì)你的答案有把握嗎？也許是錯(cuò)的。)/IamsurethatDadwillhelpmewiththejob.(我確信爸爸會(huì)幫著我做這件事情的)(6)make與do的用法：一般情況下表示進(jìn)行活動(dòng)或者做工作用do,表示創(chuàng)造建構(gòu)某事物用make.如：Idon’tknowwhattodo.(我不知道該干什么)/I’mnotgoingtodoanywork.(我不準(zhǔn)備做什么)/MyfatherandIoncemadeaboat.(我和我爸曾經(jīng)做過一只船)此外還要記住一些固定說法：dogood/harm/business/one’sbest/afavour……makeadecision/aneffort/amistake/anoise/aphonecall/money/war/thebed/sure,...(7)puton、wear、have…on、bein、tryon、dress的用法：puton強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿、戴”這個(gè)上天正在下雨)(21)take、spend、pay、cost的用法：spend的賓語(yǔ)通常是金錢或時(shí)間,句型：sb.+(spend)+時(shí)間/金錢+onsth/(in)doingsth.；take的主語(yǔ)通常是事情,句型：sth./It+(take)+sb.+時(shí)間+todo…。(如果是動(dòng)作則常用it作形式主語(yǔ)將動(dòng)詞不定式后移)；cost的賓語(yǔ)通常是時(shí)間、金錢、力氣,句型：sth.+(cost)+sb.+時(shí)間/金錢/力氣.；pay的賓語(yǔ)通常是金錢,句型：sb.+(pay)+金錢+for+事物.如：Shespentthewholenightreadingthenovel.(她花了一個(gè)晚上看那本小說)/Thisjobwilltakemetwodays.=Itwilltakemetwodaystodothejob.(做這件事情要花我兩天的時(shí)間)/Howmuchdoesahouselikethiscost?(像這樣的房子要花多少錢？)/Ipaidhimtwentydollarsforthebook..(我花了20元從他那兒買了書)(22)begin、start的用法：begin在大多數(shù)情況下可以替代start,(反義詞是end),后面接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)區(qū)別不大,但是start還可以表示“開始、出發(fā)、啟動(dòng)”,反義詞是stop；某事停止后再重新開始一般用start.如：Whendidyoubegin/starttolearnEnglish?(你什么時(shí)候開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)的？)/Theystartedgettinginthecropsaftertherainstopped.(雨停后他們開始收割莊稼)/Thistimehecouldnotstarthiscar.(這次他沒法啟動(dòng)他的汽車)(23)arrivein/at、reach、getto的用法：arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞,到達(dá)具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)后面加介詞at,到達(dá)一個(gè)大的地方(國(guó)家、城市)時(shí)后面加介詞in,arrive后面可以直接跟地點(diǎn)副詞here/there/home等；get表示“到達(dá)”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,涉及地點(diǎn)(無論大小)時(shí)后面加to,get后面可以直接跟地點(diǎn)副詞here等；reach是及物動(dòng)詞,后面直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞。如：HearrivedinSanFranciscolastSunday.(上個(gè)星期天他抵達(dá)舊金山)/Howdidyougetthereinthenight?(你是怎樣在夜間到達(dá)那里的？)/Wehurriedallthewayandreachedthestationjustfiveminutesbeforethetrainleft.(我們一路狂奔在火車啟動(dòng)前5分鐘到達(dá)車站)(24)bemadeof、bemadefrom、bemadeinto、bemadein、bemadeby、bemadefor的區(qū)別：bemadeof指從制成品中可以看得出原材料,而bemadefrom則指從制成品中看不出原材料,口語(yǔ)中都可以換成bemadeoutof。bemadeinto表示“被制成……”,bemadein表達(dá)被制造的地點(diǎn),bemadeby表達(dá)制造的人,bemadefor表達(dá)被制造的目的。如：Thiskindofpaperismadefrombamboo.(這種紙是由竹子生產(chǎn)的)/Thedeskismadeofwoodandmetal.(桌子是鐵和木頭打的)/Alotofpaperhasbeenmadeintopaperbirds.(許多紙被折疊成了小鳥)/Computersaremadeinthesecities.(計(jì)算機(jī)是在這幾個(gè)城市制造的)/ThiskitewasmadebyUncleWang.(這個(gè)風(fēng)箏是王叔叔做的)/Abigbagwasmadeformetoholdmywastethings.(一只大包做好了讓我裝廢物)(25)beusedfor、beusedto、usedto、getusedto的區(qū)別：beusedfor+名詞/代詞或動(dòng)名詞,beusedto+動(dòng)詞原形,表示兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)意思相近,表示“用于…”。usedto+動(dòng)詞原形,表示“過去常?！?否定式可以是“didn’tuseto”也可以是“usedn’tto”；get/beusedto+動(dòng)名詞,表示“習(xí)慣于….”。如：Aknifecanbeusedforcuttingthings.(刀可以用來割東西)/Aknifecanbeusedtocutthings.(刀可以用來割東西)/Heusedtoborrownovelsfromthelibrarywhenhewasatschool.(他上學(xué)時(shí)常常在圖書館借書)/Heisusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.(他習(xí)慣早起)(26)beat,win與lose：beat(打敗),后面跟“人”,而win(贏得),后面跟“比賽、競(jìng)賽”等。如：Whowonatlast?(最后誰贏了？)/ClassThreebeatus5-0.(三班以5∶0打敗了我們)/Iamsuretowinthematch.(我一定能贏得比賽)而lose則表示“輸了”,常用句型：losesth.tosb.如：UnluckilywelostthematchtoClassThree.(不幸的是我們比賽輸給了三班)(27)grow、plant、keep的區(qū)別：plant著重講“栽、種植”這個(gè)動(dòng)作,grow則指種植以后的“栽培”、“管理”,而keep則主要指“喂養(yǎng)”、“贍養(yǎng)”一個(gè)人或者動(dòng)物。如：Hegrewvegetablesinhisgarden.(他在園子里種菜)/Iplantedtentreeslastyear,butfourofthemdied.(去年我栽了10棵樹,但是死了4棵)/Oldwomenenjoykeepingcatsordogstokillthetime.(老年的婦女喜歡養(yǎng)貓養(yǎng)狗打發(fā)時(shí)間)(28)fall、drop的區(qū)別：fall指東西由高處向下墜落,不及物動(dòng)詞；也可以作連系動(dòng)詞,意思是“變得,進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)”。drop表示物體由高處往低處落下,不及物動(dòng)詞；或讓物體落向低處,及物動(dòng)詞。如：Themanfelloffthetractorandhurthimself.(那個(gè)人從拖拉機(jī)上摔下來跌傷了)/Soonaftertheytouchedthepillowstheyfell(系動(dòng)詞)fastasleep.(他們頭挨枕頭不久就睡著了)/Hefeltasifhehadtodropmaths.(他覺得似乎要放棄數(shù)學(xué))/Hedroppedaletterintothemail-box.(他向郵箱里丟了一封信)(29)join、joinin、takepartin的區(qū)別：join多指參加組織、團(tuán)體、黨派等,后面跟人時(shí)表示和某人一起參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)；joinin指參加某項(xiàng)游戲或活動(dòng)；takepartin多指參加群眾性的活動(dòng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、會(huì)議等。如：Hejoinedthearmyin2001.(他2001年參軍)/Theyjoinedmeincongratulatingyou.(他們和我一起向你祝賀)/Dojoinusinthegame.(千萬參加我們的比賽)/Hetookanactivepartinthestudents’movementinthe1940s.(在二十世紀(jì)40年代他積極參加學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng))(30)beat、hit、strike的用法區(qū)別：beat指“連續(xù)不斷地打擊；(心臟的)跳動(dòng)”；hit指“一次性地撞擊、命中”；strike與hit基本同義,還可以理解為“劃(火柴)、給……深刻的印象”。如：Themanlooksdead,buthisheartisstillbeatingweakly.(那個(gè)人看上去死了可心臟還在微弱地跳動(dòng))/Hehittheballsohardthatitflewovertheirheadsandfellintothelake.(他踢球的勁太大球飛過他們的頭頂落入水中)/Hewentintotheroomandstruckamatch(火柴).(他走進(jìn)房間劃著了一根火柴)(31)carryon、carryout的區(qū)別：carryon表示“進(jìn)行、繼續(xù)”；carryout表示“進(jìn)行、貫徹、實(shí)現(xiàn)”。如：Iwillcarryonthework.(我會(huì)繼續(xù)工作)/Ihavesomedifficultiesincarryingouthisorders.(對(duì)于執(zhí)行他的命令我有問題)(32)beamazed與besurprised的區(qū)別：beamazed“感到驚訝”,指人對(duì)某個(gè)不可能發(fā)生卻實(shí)際發(fā)生了的事情感到極其的訝異；besurprised“感到吃驚”指人對(duì)突發(fā)的事件感到驚訝。如：Whenhediveddeepintothesea,hewasamazedatthecoloursofallthebeautifulcoralreefs.(他深潛到海中時(shí)被所有美麗的珊瑚礁驚呆了)/Hewasverysurprisedwhenheheardaloudnoisefrominsidetheroom.(聽到房間里傳出一個(gè)很大的聲音他非常地吃驚)(33)warn的用法：“warnsb.of/aboutsth”意思是“針對(duì)…而警告某人”；“warnsb(not)todosth”意思是“告戒某人(不)要做某事”；“warnsb.+that從句”意思是“警告某人說……”。如：Theywarnedthepassengersofthieves.(他警告路人小心竊賊)/Iwarnyouthatyouwillfailinthecomingexamsifyouarestillsolazy.(我警告你：如果你還這么懶在即將來到的考試中你會(huì)不及格的。)/Hewaswarnednottogooutinthelatenight.(他受到警告不要在深夜出去)(34)thinkof與thinkabout等短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：thinkof表示“考慮、思