決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說明文-現(xiàn)象解說類1 精講課件（入門篇）

(高中說明文)現(xiàn)象解說1決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力。運用說明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟。學(xué)會使用“脫衣服”大法分析長難句。積累與現(xiàn)象解說類說明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。Ready?Go!說明文體裁分析Part1課標(biāo)解讀事理說明事物說明說明文分類歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2021年新高考I卷D篇闡述了情商的定義以及對有關(guān)于情商未來研究的期望全國甲卷B篇介紹了在PortLympne保護(hù)區(qū)的部分黑犀牛現(xiàn)狀全國乙卷C篇介紹藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人類審視和一次性塑料的關(guān)系D篇針對開放性辦公室，一項研究調(diào)研多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創(chuàng)造性思維的發(fā)展新高考II卷D篇介紹一種正在開發(fā)中的，可以用于監(jiān)測放牧牛健康狀況的機(jī)器人天津卷D篇闡述了藝術(shù)這一活動對人類的重要意義浙江卷C篇一項研究表明狗能夠識別人類的面部表情北京卷C篇通過百位科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者的公開信，闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的相關(guān)內(nèi)容歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年全國I卷B篇闡述了重新閱讀的意義和益處，鼓勵大家重新閱讀D篇介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)出的一種發(fā)光植物全國II卷B篇研究表明孩子們玩智力游戲有助于發(fā)展包括空間技能等多項能力C篇介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦的不同尋常的時裝秀中展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣全國III卷D篇通過引用最近的基因發(fā)現(xiàn)，闡述人類的進(jìn)化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前，也發(fā)生在最近的幾千年間北京卷B篇介紹世界上第一條佩戴污染檢測器記錄地面附近的污染物水平的狗江蘇卷B篇講述了一度停用的電話亭在英國重新流行起來C篇研究表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年天津卷（5月）C篇HarbourAir航空公司研發(fā)電動飛機(jī)天津卷(7月)C篇介紹了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的3種全新應(yīng)用浙江卷C篇《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》雜志發(fā)布一則研究顯示，做挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能幫助衰老人群保持大腦的敏銳成都診斷模擬題科學(xué)家的研究表明2歲及其以前的幼年記憶并不可信高密模擬模擬題一項研究表明定期打網(wǎng)球有助于延長壽命2019年全國卷IC篇介紹了一種新的防止個人身份和數(shù)據(jù)在電子空間被盜的高科技智能鍵盤D篇主要講述了受歡迎度對青少年的影響歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2019年全國卷IIC篇分析美國越來越多的人喜歡獨自進(jìn)餐的社會現(xiàn)象D篇介紹了美國國家航空航天局為了把航天技術(shù)和學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來，而針對高中生實施的HUNCH計劃。全國卷IIID篇一位哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進(jìn)行基本的加法計算。北京卷D篇解說由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會變得更藍(lán)、更綠的現(xiàn)象。浙江卷C篇解說并分析加利福尼亞州從90年代以來大樹不斷消失的現(xiàn)象和背后的重要原因2018年全國卷IB篇介紹了一檔英國電視節(jié)目，給觀眾介紹如何減少食物浪費以及如何以較少的預(yù)算做出美味佳肴C篇講述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少的現(xiàn)象及其原因D篇紐約羅徹斯特理工學(xué)院的研究表明，新電子設(shè)備的環(huán)境能耗比舊設(shè)備更低，是更經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的選擇歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2018年全國卷IIB篇介紹了7月份各種營養(yǎng)豐富，并包含對人體有益的微量元素的熱帶水果北京卷C篇介紹了一種吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的蟲子大蠟螟天津卷C篇介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在食物的應(yīng)用上取得的進(jìn)展和遇到的挑戰(zhàn)2017年全國卷IIC篇Terrafugia公司研制出飛行汽車并成功進(jìn)行了第一次飛行D篇介紹了植物在受到昆蟲的攻擊時是如何進(jìn)行自我保護(hù)的,北京卷C篇已經(jīng)被疫苗消滅的麻疹近日有回歸的趨勢全國卷ID篇介紹了一種自己可以親手制作簡易太陽能蒸餾器的方法2014年全國卷ID篇為了拯救因為瀕臨滅絕的小眾語言，語言學(xué)家展開了記錄拯救工作歷年數(shù)據(jù)123說明對象事物說明事理說明語篇結(jié)構(gòu)說明順序說明方法一般-特殊型問題-解決型匹配-比較型時間空間邏輯舉例、比較、分類、引用、數(shù)字、定義、表格、圖示…12341事物事理說明文往往為了說清楚某個事物或事理是什么、為什么、怎么樣，通常在標(biāo)題或首段直接指出說明對象。說明文圍繞所說事物/事理，采用多種說明方法客觀闡明，因而高頻詞會反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，閱讀過程中把握高頻詞也能準(zhǔn)確找出說明對象，提取核心信息。名師指路2(2019北京卷D)尋找高頻詞①Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.②Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.③Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)

intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.(2019北京卷D)④StephanieDutkiewicz,

ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,

andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,”

shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”⑤Andwhydoesthatmatter?

Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,

Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.⑥Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,

“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”連詞成句，得到說明對象高頻詞：ocean

colourclimate

changesphytoplanktonClimatechangesaffect

thegrowthofphytoplankton

whichcanchangetheoceancolor.(2018全國卷I

C)方法2：看文章標(biāo)題；尋找首段中心句

①

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,

small,

tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

②

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,

trade,

industrialisation,

thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetter

communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.看文章標(biāo)題；尋找首段中心句Languages

havebeenlesscomingandmoregoing

inrecenttimes.事理說明文本文屬于現(xiàn)象解說類說明文3(2019北京卷D)①Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.②Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.③Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)

intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.(2019北京卷D)④StephanieDutkiewicz,

ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,

andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,"shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”⑤Andwhydoesthatmatter?

Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,

Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.⑥Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,

“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”2019北京卷D說明對象現(xiàn)象成因現(xiàn)象描述現(xiàn)象影響(2018全國卷1C)①

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,

small,

tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

②

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,

trade,

industrialisation,

thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetter

communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.③

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;

Africa2,400;

andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,

ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

Themediannumber

(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,

whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

④

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),

withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.

Pick,

atrandom,

BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),

ChiapanecoinMexico(150),

LipanApacheintheUnitedStates

(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia

(one,withaquestion-mark):

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.2018全國卷1C說明對象現(xiàn)象描述現(xiàn)象影響Expositionexplainssomething.Inordertomakeideasclearandunderstandabletothereaders,expositionusuallyfollowstimeorder,spaceorderorlogicalorder.常見的邏輯順序有：從原因到結(jié)果，從主要到次要，從整體到部分，從概括到具體，從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等。名師指路3(2019北京卷D)①…②Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.③Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)

intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.(2019北京卷D)④StephanieDutkiewicz,

ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,

andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”(2019北京卷D)⑤Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,

Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.⑥Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,

“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”本文是事理說明文，介紹了全球氣候變化對海洋顏色的影響。作者通過打比方、引資料、作比較等說明方法，介紹了現(xiàn)象、現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及其影響。充分說明了氣候變化對海洋顏色的影響。即說明對象:Climatechangesaffectthegrowthofphytoplanktongrowthwhichcanchangetheoceancolor.名師指路總結(jié)：說明文的說明方法服務(wù)于說明對象。2018年全國卷I

C

①

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,

small,

tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

②

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,

trade,

industrialisation,

thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetter

communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.2018年全國卷I

C

③

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;

Africa2,400;

andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,

ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,

whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

④

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),

withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.

Pick,

atrandom,

BusuuinCameroon

(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates

(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia

(one,

withaquestion-mark):

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.本文是事理說明文，主要講述了隨著人類社會的發(fā)展，新出現(xiàn)的語言越來越少，而消失的語言越來愈多。作者通過列數(shù)字、舉例子、引資料、作比較等說明方法，進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)象描述、分析了現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及其影響，全面闡釋人類社會的發(fā)展，對語言發(fā)展的影響。即說明對象：Languageshavebeenlesscomingandmoregoinginrecenttimes.名師指路What'sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：事理類說明文的說明對象。通常也是主旨句，呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨。PART2真題講解示例12019北京卷D123Watch

the

videoWhatimpactdoesglobalwarminghaveonourlives？2019北京卷D題目見講義①Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.②Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.③Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.2019北京卷D題目見講義④StephanieDutkiewicz,

ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,

andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,"shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”⑤Andwhydoesthatmatter?

Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,

Dutkiewiczsaid,"itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive."Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.⑥Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It‘llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,

“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”Althoughcolorchangestheoceanexperienceswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,theycouldmeansignificantchanges.摘要一般特殊型

說明文引言正文總結(jié)Theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate.Attheheartofthephenomenonliephytoplankton

which

can

createcolorfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Phytoplanktonwhich

pullcarbondioxideintotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen,arevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.StephanieDutkiewicz

builtaclimatemodelwhichprojects

changes

to

the

oceans.1.

Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?

Asthebaseofthefoodweb,ifphytoplanktondisappear,theywillchangethetypeoffishandaffectthefoodchain.快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對應(yīng)的題目。MindMap2019年北京卷D現(xiàn)象描述（what）Aclimatemodelshowsclimateimprovequantitiesofphytoplanktonchangethe

typeofphytoplankton現(xiàn)象原因（why）Relationshipofclimate,phytoplankton

andoceancolorclimate———phytoplankton

————oceancolourLivingenvironment

andhabitsofphytoplanktonchangeeffectpullCO?

giving

off

O?ocean’swarmingtrendvulnerablePhytoplankton說明對象Climatechangesaffectthegrowthofphytoplanktonwhichcanchangetheoceancolor.現(xiàn)象影響（effect）

theeffectofPhytoplankton’schange

thechangesofoceancolorchangethetypeoffish;affectthefoodchainwarning

signals3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

題目速覽Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.1段落主旨題Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?

Sensitive.Beneficial.Significant.Unnoticeable.

2Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

3Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.

4詞義猜測題細(xì)節(jié)理解題寫作意圖題Climate——phytoplankton

———oceancolourClimatechangesaffectthegrowthofphytoplanktonwhichcanchangetheoceancolor.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.1拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）段落主旨題STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位段落主題句colourcause①

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.②

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.bluerandgreenerthanks

toleadingtotheocean’s技巧點撥：同義替換

&概括歸納appearance語法譯主干加枝葉根據(jù)一項新研究表明，如果時間不再提前的話，到本世紀(jì)末，受氣候變暖的影響，世界上的海洋將會變得更藍(lán)或更綠。答案指向句分析step1:去枝葉，找主干thanksto幸虧，歸因于海洋將會變得更藍(lán)或更綠。Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.step2:添加枝葉（定語狀語同位語），補(bǔ)全句意答案指向句分析參考譯文Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowth氣候變暖會促進(jìn)一些地區(qū)浮游植物的生長，同時減少其他地區(qū)浮游植物的生長，導(dǎo)致海洋表面的變化。insomeareas狀語ofphytoplankton定語whilereducingitinotherspots狀語從句的省略leadingtochanges狀語intheocean’sappearance.定語235643245611

Whatdoestheunderlinedword

“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial.CSignificant. D.Unnoticeable.拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）詞義猜測題1STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位現(xiàn)象原因vulnerableocean’swarmingtrendPhytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.affect技巧點撥：上下文的邏輯關(guān)系答案指向句分析參考譯文海水變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征，能影響浮游植物的生長，因為它們不僅需要陽光和二氧化碳，也需要營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。oftheoceanWarmingchangeskeycharacteristics2and連接兩個謂語andcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth111123sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.3原因狀語Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.定語拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細(xì)節(jié)理解題3STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

題干定位現(xiàn)象原因

現(xiàn)象描述STEP2：定位信息段appear

greenermorephytoplanktonturn

greenerclimatechangethetypeofphytoplankton③Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.④StephanieDutkiewicz,

ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,

andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,"shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”技巧點撥：同義替換STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）寫作意圖題4STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位現(xiàn)象影響STEP2：定位信息段Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.

theeffectofPhytoplankton’schangethechangesofoceancolor⑥Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”wecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbutthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsbecauseofclimatechange技巧點撥：歸納概括MindMap2019年北京卷D現(xiàn)象描述（what）Aclimatemodelshowsclimateimprovequantitiesofphytoplanktonchangethe

typeofphytoplankton現(xiàn)象原因（why）Relationshipofclimate,phytoplankton

andoceancolorclimate———phytoplankton

————oceancolourLivingenvironment

andhabitsofphytoplanktonchangeeffectpullCO?

giving

off

O?ocean’swarmingtrendvulnerablePhytoplankton說明對象Climatechangesaffectthegrowthofphytoplanktonwhichcanchangetheoceancolor.現(xiàn)象影響（effect）

theeffectofPhytoplankton’schange

thechangesofoceancolorchangethetypeoffish;affectthefoodchainwarning

signalsQ1Q2Q3Q4Tip1:說明文段落主旨題常與_____________有關(guān)。段落主題句常出現(xiàn)在_____________。Tip2:注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高的關(guān)鍵詞語。Tip3:說明文主旨題正確選項特征_____________________Tip4:段落主旨題錯誤選項的特征：①____________________________________;

②____________________________________。段落主旨題段落主題句段首或段尾僅為文本的細(xì)節(jié)信息段落部分內(nèi)容的概括，存在片面性同義復(fù)現(xiàn)/概括呈現(xiàn)Tip1:說明文詞義猜測題的特點

____________________________________________________;Tip2:說明文詞義猜測題的破解三步走①_________________________________________________;②__________________________________________________;③__________________________________________________。詞義猜測題定位目標(biāo)詞匯文章生詞處命題，要求猜測可以替換文中詞匯的詞語判斷周圍句子在語境中形成的邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，找到相關(guān)的線索詞或信息詞詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)/義場復(fù)現(xiàn)1①

Bytheendofthe