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第08講函數(shù)與方程(精講+精練)目錄第一部分:知識點精準(zhǔn)記憶第二部分:課前自我評估測試第三部分:典型例題剖析高頻考點一:函數(shù)零點所在區(qū)間的判斷高頻考點二:函數(shù)零點個數(shù)的判斷高頻考點三:根據(jù)零點個數(shù)求函數(shù)解析式中的參數(shù)高頻考點四:比較零點大小關(guān)系高頻考點五:求零點和高頻考點六:根據(jù)零點所在區(qū)間求參數(shù)高頻考點七:二分法求零點第四部分:高考真題感悟第五部分:第08講函數(shù)與方程(精練)第一部分:知識點精準(zhǔn)記憶第一部分:知識點精準(zhǔn)記憶1、函數(shù)的零點對于一般函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,我們把使SKIPIF1<0成立的實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0叫做函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點.注意函數(shù)的零點不是點,是一個數(shù).2、函數(shù)的零點與方程的根之間的聯(lián)系函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點就是方程SKIPIF1<0的實數(shù)根,也就是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0軸的交點的橫坐標(biāo)即方程SKIPIF1<0有實數(shù)根SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0軸有交點SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有零點.3、零點存在性定理如果函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的圖象是連續(xù)不斷的一條曲線,并且有SKIPIF1<0,那么,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有零點,即存在SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,這個SKIPIF1<0也就是方程SKIPIF1<0的根.注:上述定理只能判斷出零點存在,不能確定零點個數(shù).4、二分法對于在區(qū)間上連續(xù)不斷且SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,通過不斷地把函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在的區(qū)間一分為二,使區(qū)間的兩個端點逐步逼近零點,進而得到零點近似值的方法叫做二分法.求方程SKIPIF1<0的近似解就是求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0零點的近似值.5、高頻考點技巧①若連續(xù)不斷的函數(shù)是定義域上的單調(diào)函數(shù),則至多有一個零點;②連續(xù)不斷的函數(shù),其相鄰兩個零點之間的所有函數(shù)值保持同號;③函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有零點SKIPIF1<0方程SKIPIF1<0有實數(shù)根SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象有交點;④函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有零點SKIPIF1<0方程SKIPIF1<0有實數(shù)根SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象有交點SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0為常數(shù).第二部分:課前自我評估測試第二部分:課前自我評估測試1.(2022·廣東中山·高一期末)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在的區(qū)間為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ASKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的零點在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0.故選:A2.(2022·江蘇·南京市第二十九中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試)用二分法研究函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點時,第一次經(jīng)過計算得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則其中一個零點所在區(qū)間和第二次應(yīng)計算的函數(shù)值分別為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0【答案】D因為SKIPIF1<0,由零點存在性知:零點SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)二分法,第二次應(yīng)計算SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故選:D.3.(2022·廣西玉林·高一期末)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在的區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,則實數(shù)a的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C易知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0零點所在的區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:C4.(2022·福建南平·高一期末)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(

)A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【答案】CSKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點SKIPIF1<0所在區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.5.(2022·江蘇淮安·高一期末)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0均為SKIPIF1<0上連續(xù)不斷的曲線,根據(jù)下表能判斷方程SKIPIF1<0有實數(shù)解的區(qū)間是(

)x-10123SKIPIF1<0-0.6703.0115.4325.9807.651SKIPIF1<0-0.5303.4514.8905.2416.892A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B令SKIPIF1<0可得:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0由題意得SKIPIF1<0連續(xù),根據(jù)函數(shù)的零點判定定理可知:SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有零點故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有解故選:B第三部分:典型例題剖析第三部分:典型例題剖析高頻考點一:函數(shù)零點所在區(qū)間的判斷1.(2022·江西省銅鼓中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試)方程SKIPIF1<0的解所在的區(qū)間為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0在定義域SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)是增函數(shù),又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的零點在SKIPIF1<0上,即題中方程的根屬于SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.2.(2022·安徽·池州市第一中學(xué)高一階段練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在的一個區(qū)間是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】BSKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0是單調(diào)遞減函數(shù),故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在的一個區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0,故選:B3.(2022·黑龍江·佳木斯一中高一期末)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在區(qū)間是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B函數(shù)的定義域為SKIPIF1<0,且函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減;SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為定義在SKIPIF1<0上的連續(xù)減函數(shù),又當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,兩函數(shù)值異號,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.4.(2022·黑龍江·雙鴨山一中高三期末(理))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在的區(qū)間為(

)SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】BSKIPIF1<0,由對數(shù)函數(shù)和冪函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可知,函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0時為單調(diào)增函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)是遞增,故SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)是連續(xù)函數(shù),由零點判斷定理知,SKIPIF1<0的零點在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),故選:B.高頻考點二:函數(shù)零點個數(shù)的判斷1.(2022·安徽省蚌埠第三中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像是連續(xù)不斷的,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有如下的對應(yīng)值表:SKIPIF1<0123456SKIPIF1<0123.5621.45SKIPIF1<07.8211.57SKIPIF1<053.76SKIPIF1<0126.49則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點有(

)A.兩個 B.3個 C.至多兩個 D.至少三個【答案】D因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像是連續(xù)不斷的,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上至少有1個零點,因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像是連續(xù)不斷的,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上至少有1個零點,因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像是連續(xù)不斷的,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上至少有1個零點,綜上,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點至少有3個,故選:D2.(2022·山東省實驗中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)是(

)A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5【答案】D令SKIPIF1<0.①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,由于SKIPIF1<0,由零點存在定理可知,存在SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下圖所示:由圖象可知,直線SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象有兩個交點;直線SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象有兩個交點;直線SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象有且只有一個交點.綜上所述,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)為5.故選:D.3.(2022·全國·模擬預(yù)測)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)為(

)A.4 B.5 C.6 D.7【答案】D當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;以此類推,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0;…;在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示.由圖可知,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象有7個不同的交點故選:D4.(2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,給出下列四個結(jié)論:(1)若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0有兩個零點;(2)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0有一個零點;(3)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0有三個零點;(4)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0有三個零點.以上正確結(jié)論的序號是__.【答案】(1)(2)(4)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點的個數(shù)可轉(zhuǎn)化為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0的交點的個數(shù);作函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖,若SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0的圖象在SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0上各有一個交點,則SKIPIF1<0有兩個零點,故(1)正確;若SKIPIF1<0,則當(dāng)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0的圖象相切時,SKIPIF1<0有一個零點,故(2)正確;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0的圖象至多有兩個交點,故(3)不正確;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0足夠小時,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0的圖象在SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0上分別有1個、2個交點,故(4)正確;故答案為:(1)(2)(4).5.(2022·重慶九龍坡·高一期末)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)的零點的個數(shù)為__________.【答案】10解:因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是以2為周期的周期函數(shù),令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,在同一平面直角坐標(biāo)系中作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像,如圖所示,由圖可知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有10個交點,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)的零點有10個.故答案為:10.高頻考點三:根據(jù)零點個數(shù)求函數(shù)解析式中的參數(shù)1.(2022·浙江·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恰有SKIPIF1<0個零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A由題意,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,的圖象如圖:方程SKIPIF1<0的解為SKIPIF1<0,方程SKIPIF1<0的解為SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0;①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恰有兩個零點SKIPIF1<0,3;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,函數(shù)有2個零點SKIPIF1<0,5;則實數(shù)m的取值范圍是:SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.2.(2022·上海楊浦·高一期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0存在零點,則實數(shù)a的取值范圍是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B如圖所示:指數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,沒有零點,SKIPIF1<0有唯一的零點SKIPIF1<0,所以若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0存在零點,須SKIPIF1<0有零點,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.3.(2022·北京大興·高一期末)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恰有SKIPIF1<0個零點,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D因為SKIPIF1<0時至多有一個零點,單調(diào)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至多一個零點,而函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恰有SKIPIF1<0個零點,所以需滿足SKIPIF1<0有1個零點,SKIPIF1<0有1個零點,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故選:D4.(2022·福建龍巖·高一期末)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上存在零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0解:令SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,原命題等價于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有交點,又因為SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,作出兩函數(shù)的圖像,則兩函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0上必有交點,滿足題意;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,如圖所示,只需SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.5.(2022·山西省長治市第二中學(xué)校高一期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則使函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有零點的實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是____________【答案】SKIPIF1<0令SKIPIF1<0,現(xiàn)作出SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖:于是,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,圖象有交點,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有零點.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.6.(2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的解析式.(2)若方程SKIPIF1<0有實數(shù)根,求實數(shù)a的取值范圍.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0.解:(1)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;(2)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時函數(shù)有最小值SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.【點睛】本題主要考查的是換元法求函數(shù)的解析式,利用函數(shù)值域求參數(shù)范圍的問題,需要注意:(1)采用換元法求解函數(shù)解析式時,注意換元必?fù)Q域,不要漏掉SKIPIF1<0的范圍;(2)求解參數(shù)范圍時需要轉(zhuǎn)化為求解函數(shù)的最值問題,即求函數(shù)的值域,再利用SKIPIF1<0的范圍解不等式即可,需要注意定義域的限制.高頻考點四:比較零點大小關(guān)系1.(2022·浙江·於潛中學(xué)高二期中)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的零點分別為a,b,c,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B解:在同一坐標(biāo)系中作出SKIPIF1<0的圖象,由圖象知:SKIPIF1<0,故選:B2.(2022·河北石家莊·高三階段練習(xí))若SKIPIF1<0,則下列不等關(guān)系一定不成立的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,作函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象,再作直線SKIPIF1<0.變換m的值發(fā)現(xiàn):SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0均能夠成立,D不可能成立.故選:D.3.(2022·山東濰坊·高三期末)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B在同一坐標(biāo)系中分別畫出SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的交點的橫坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象的交點的橫坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象的交點的橫坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,從圖象可以看出.SKIPIF1<0故選:B4.(2022·湖北·鄂州市鄂城區(qū)教學(xué)研究室高一期末)已知方程SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的根分別為a,b,c,則a,b,c的大小順序為(

).A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由方程SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0的根為a,由方程SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0的根為b.在同一平面直角坐標(biāo)系中畫出SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的圖象,由圖象知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:B5.(2022·江蘇蘇州·高一期末)若實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系SKIPIF1<0__SKIPIF1<0(填“SKIPIF1<0”,“SKIPIF1<0”或“SKIPIF1<0”).【答案】SKIPIF1<0解:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象交點的橫坐標(biāo),SKIPIF1<0為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象交點的橫坐標(biāo),在同一直角坐標(biāo)系畫出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下,由圖知SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.6.(2022·江蘇·高一)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的零點依次為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系是________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0解:令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的零點為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交點的橫坐標(biāo),令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的零點為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交點的橫坐標(biāo),令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的零點為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交點的橫坐標(biāo),畫出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖所示,觀察圖象可知,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的零點依次是點SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的橫坐標(biāo),由圖象可知SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.高頻考點五:求零點和1.(2022·天津市新華中學(xué)高三期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0若關(guān)于x的方程SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上所有實數(shù)解的和為15,則實數(shù)k的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的圖象,可由SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位,再將縱坐標(biāo)伸長為原來的SKIPIF1<0倍得到,同理,可畫出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的大致圖象,如圖,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0及SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的大致圖象,由條件可得,①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0圖象的交點兩兩一組分別關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0對稱,則實數(shù)解的和為SKIPIF1<0;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0圖象的交點兩兩一組分別關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0對稱,則實數(shù)解的和為SKIPIF1<0;③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0圖象的交點兩兩一組分別關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0對稱,則實數(shù)解的和為SKIPIF1<0;④當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0圖象的交點兩兩一組分別關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0對稱,則實數(shù)解的和為SKIPIF1<0;⑤當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0圖象的兩個交點關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱,則實數(shù)解的和為SKIPIF1<0;經(jīng)驗證,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0及SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時,均不符合題意.綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.2.(2022·安徽蚌埠·高三期末(文))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有四個不同的零點SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(

)A.0 B.2 C.-1 D.-2【答案】D函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有四個不同的零點,即方程SKIPIF1<0有四個不同的解,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0有四個不同的交點,兩函數(shù)圖象在同一個直角坐標(biāo)系下的圖象如下圖所示:所以SKIPIF1<0,不妨設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:D3.(2022·浙江·高三專題練習(xí))設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若互不相等的實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B因為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下圖所示:由圖象可知,點SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱,則SKIPIF1<0,由圖可知,SKIPIF1<0,因此,SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.4.(2022·江蘇·高一期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若存在SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,由圖知當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0令SKIPIF1<0,若存在SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,由圖可得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.5.(2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的奇函數(shù),且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的所有零點的和為_________【答案】3∵SKIPIF1<0是定義在R上的奇函數(shù),且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0.則SKIPIF1<0作出SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示:∵SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對稱∴作出SKIPIF1<0的圖象,由圖象知SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象有三個交點即SKIPIF1<0有三個根,其中一個根為1,另外兩個根SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對稱即SKIPIF1<0則所有解的和為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:3高頻考點六:根據(jù)零點所在區(qū)間求參數(shù)1.(2022·海南·高一期末)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)存在零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)存在零點,且函數(shù)在定義域內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增,由零點存在性定理知SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0所以實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0故選:B2.(2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的一個零點在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D∵SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),∴SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),∴只需SKIPIF1<0即可,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.3.(多選)(2022·江蘇省太湖高級中學(xué)高二階段練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的一個零點在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則實數(shù)a的可能取值是(

)A.0 B.1 C.2 D.3【答案】BC因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在定義域SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的一個零點在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故選:BC4.(2022·上海市建平中學(xué)高一期末)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上有零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上有零點,則SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.即實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為SKIPIF1<0.5.(2022·湖北省廣水市實驗高級中學(xué)高一階段練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(1)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上存在零點,求實數(shù)a的取值范圍;【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0(1)SKIPIF1<0的圖象開口向上,對稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減.因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上存在零點,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,即實數(shù)a的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.高頻考點七:二分法求零點1.(2022·黑龍江·大慶中學(xué)高一期末)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的一個正數(shù)零點附近的函數(shù)值用二分法計算,其參考數(shù)據(jù)如下:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0那么方程SKIPIF1<0的一個近似根(精確度SKIPIF1<0)可以是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有零點,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以不滿足精確度SKIPIF1<0;因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有零點,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以不滿足精確度SKIPIF1<0;因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有零點,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以不滿足精確度SKIPIF1<0;因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有零點,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以不滿足精確度SKIPIF1<0;因為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有零點,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以滿足精確度SKIPIF1<0,所以方程SKIPIF1<0的一個近似根(精確度SKIPIF1<0)是區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)的任意一個值(包括端點值),根據(jù)四個選項可知選C.故選:C2.(多選)(2022·湖北大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高一階段練習(xí))某同學(xué)用二分法求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點時,計算出如下結(jié)果:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,下列說法正確的有(

)A.精確到SKIPIF1<0的近似值為SKIPIF1<0 B.精確到SKIPIF1<0的近似值為SKIPIF1<0C.精確到SKIPIF1<0的近似值為SKIPIF1<0 D.精確到SKIPIF1<0的近似值為SKIPIF1<0【答案】ACSKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0零點在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),又SKIPIF1<0,則AC正確,D錯誤;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則B錯誤.故選:AC.3.(多選)(2022·黑龍江·哈爾濱三中高一期末)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象是連續(xù)的,且函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的唯一零點同在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則與SKIPIF1<0符號不同的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD由二分法的步驟可知,①零點在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則有SKIPIF1<0,不妨設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,取中點2;②零點在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則有SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,取中點1;③零點在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則有SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,取中點SKIPIF1<0;④零點在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則有SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則取中點SKIPIF1<0;⑤零點在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則有SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以與SKIPIF1<0符號不同的是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選:ABD.4.(多選)(2022·全國·高一)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的圖象不間斷,則下列結(jié)論中錯誤的是(

)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上不存在零點 B.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上至少有一個零點 C.若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有且只有一個零點,則SKIPIF1<0 D.若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上存在零點,則可用二分法求此零點的近似值【答案】ACDA:令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上存在零點0,故A錯誤;B:函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的圖象不間斷,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上至少有一個零點,由函數(shù)零點存在定理知正確,故B正確;C:如圖,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有且只有一個零點,但SKIPIF1<0,故C錯誤;D:如圖,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上存在零點,但不可用二分法求此零點的近似值,故D錯誤.故選:ACD5.(2022·廣東汕頭·一模)為檢測出新冠肺炎的感染者,醫(yī)學(xué)上可采用“二分檢測法”、假設(shè)待檢測的總?cè)藬?shù)是SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)將SKIPIF1<0個人的樣本混合在一起做第1輪檢測(檢測一次),如果檢測結(jié)果為陰性,可確定這批人未感染;如果檢測結(jié)果為陽性,可確定其中有感染者,則將這批人平均分為兩組,每組SKIPIF1<0人的樣本混合在一起做第2輪檢測,每組檢測1次,如此類推:每輪檢測后,排除結(jié)果為陰性的那組人,而將每輪檢測后結(jié)果為陽性的組在平均分成兩組,做下一輪檢測,直到檢測出所有感染者(感染者必須通過檢測來確定).若待檢測的總?cè)藬?shù)為8,采用“二分檢測法”檢測,經(jīng)過4輪共7次檢測后確定了所有感染者,則感染者人數(shù)最多為______人.若待檢測的總?cè)藬?shù)為SKIPIF1<0,且假設(shè)其中有不超過2名感染者,采用“二分檢測法”所需檢測總次數(shù)記為n,則n的最大值為______.【答案】

2

SKIPIF1<0若待檢測的總?cè)藬?shù)為8,則第一輪需檢測1次,第2輪需檢測2次,第3輪需檢測2次,第4輪需檢測2次,則共需檢測7次,此時感染者人數(shù)最多為2人;若待檢測的總?cè)藬?shù)為SKIPIF1<0,且假設(shè)其中有不超過2名感染者,若沒有感染者,則只需1次檢測即可;若只有1個感染者,則只需SKIPIF1<0次檢測;若只有2個感染者,若要檢測次數(shù)最多,則第2輪檢測時,2個感染者不位于同一組,此時相當(dāng)兩個待檢測均為SKIPIF1<0的組,每組1個感染者,此時每組需要SKIPIF1<0次檢測,所以此時兩組共需SKIPIF1<0次檢測,故有2個感染者,且檢測次數(shù)最多,共需SKIPIF1<0次檢測,所以采用“二分檢測法”所需檢測總次數(shù)記為n,則n的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:2,SKIPIF1<06.(2022·河南信陽·高一期末)下列函數(shù)圖象與x軸都有交點,其中不能用二分法求其零點的是___________.(寫出所有符合條件的序號)【答案】(1)(3)用二分法只能求“變號零點”,(1),(3)中的函數(shù)零點不是“變號零點”,故不能用二分法求故答案為:(1)(3)第四

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