關于醫(yī)療護理的英文

演講人：日期：關于醫(yī)療護理的英文目錄CONTENTSIntroductiontoHealthcareandNursingTypesofMedicalCareandNursingSpecialtiesPatientCenteredCareinMedicalSettingsInfectionPreventionandControlMeasuresinHealthcareFacilities目錄CONTENTSMedicalAdministrationSafetyPracticesforNursesCurrentTrendsinHealthcareTechnologyInnovationsEffectNurturingPractice01IntroductiontoHealthcareandNursingHealthcareisthemaintenanceorimprovementofhealthviatheprevention,diagnosis,treatment,recovery,orcureofdisease,illness,injury,andotherphysicalandmentalimprovementsinhumanbenefitsItencompassedawiderangeofpracticesevolvedtomaintainandrestorehealthbythepreventionandtreatmentofillnessHealthcareisdeliveredbyhealthprofessionals(providersorpractitioners)inallhealthfieldsDefinitionandOverviewofHealthcareNursingisakeycomponentofthehealthcaresystem,responsibleforprovidingcaretopatientsandsupportingthemintheirrecoveryNursesworkcloselywithotherhealthcareprofessionalstoensurethatpatientsreceivecomprehensive,coordinatedcareTheyplayaclinicalroleinpatienteducation,advocatingforpatients'needs,andprovidingemotionalsupporttopatientsandtheirfamiliesRoleofNursinginHealthcareSystemNursinghasalonghistorydatingbacktoambienttimes,whencaregiversprovidebasiccaretothesideandadjustedThedevelopmentofmodernnursinghasbeeninfluencedbykeyfiguressuchasFlorenceNightingale,whoiswidelyrecognizedasthefoundationofmodernnursingOvertime,nursinghasevolvedandbecomemorespecialized,withnursesreceivingformaleducationandtrainingtoprovideadvancedcareHistoryandDevelopmentofNursingRisingcostsofhealthAsthecostofimprovinghealthcontinuestorise,itposesasignificantchallengetoindividuals,families,andgovernmentsAccesstohealthcareManypeoplestillfacebarrierstoaccessinghealthcare,soasalayerofinsurance,highcosts,andlimitedavailabilityofprovidersQualityofcareEnsuringthatpatientsreceivehighqualitycareisanongoingchallenge,asvariationsincarequalitycanleadtopatientharmandincreasedcostsChallengesFacingHealthcareTodayWorkforceshortsThehealthcareindustryfacesworkforceshorts,specificallyinnursingandotherclinicalareas,whichcanimpactthedeliveryofcareChallengesFacingHealthcareToday02TypesofMedicalCareandNursingSpecialtiesPrimaryCareFocusesonprevention,healthpromotion,andbasichealthcareneedsCommonlyprovidedbygeneralpractitioners,familydoctors,ornursesSecondaryCareInvestmentsmorespecializedtreatmentforconditionsthatcannotbemanagedattheprimarycarelevelAfterrequirementsrefertoaspecialistorhospitalTertiaryCareHighlyspecializedandcomplexmedicaltreatment,commonlyprovidedinlargemedicalcentersorteachinghospitalsPrimary,Secondary,andTertiaryCareFocusesonpatientswithshortterm,quicklychanginghealthneedsRequirementsforquickdecisionmakingandinterventionActCareNursingInvolveslongtermcareandmanagementofchronicconditionsEmphasispatienteducation,self-management,andpreventionofapplicationsChronicCareNursingActCarevs.ChronicCareNursingPediatricNursingSpecializesinthecareofinfants,children,andadultsRequirementsknowledgeofchilddevelopment,familydynamics,andpediatricdiseasesGeneticNursingFocusesontheuniquehealthcareneedsofolderadultsAddressesissuesrelatedtoaging,chronicdiseasemanagement,andendoflifecarePediatricvs.GeriacNursingCriticalCareNursingCaresforpatientswithlifethreadingconditionsinintensivecareunits(ICUs)OncologyNursingSpecializesinthecareofcancerpatients,includingchemotherapyadministration,symptommanagement,andpatienteducationCardiovascularNursingFocusesonthecareofpatientswithheartdisease,includingheartfailure,heartattack,andstrokeSpecialtyAreaswithinNursingPracticeMentalHealthNursingProvidescareforpatientswithmentalhealthconditionssuchasdepression,anxiety,andschizophreniaEmphasispsychology,medicalmanagement,andcrisisinterventionSpecialtyAreaswithinNursingPractice03PatientCenteredCareinMedicalSettingsRespectforpatientvalues,preferences,andexpressedneedsCoordinationandintegrationofcareacrossprovidersandsettingsAccesstocareandinformationtosupportself-managementEmotionalsupport,assessmentoffearandanxiety,andpromotionofresilience01020304PrinciplesofPatientCenteredCareActivelisteningandempiricalunderstandingUseofopenendedquestionstoelicitpatientconcernsandexpectationsClear,consensus,andpatientfriendlylanguageNonverbalcommunicationtechniques,suchaseyecontactandlegalexpressionsCommunicationSkillsforEffectivePatientInteractionAssessmentofpaintandsymptomseverityusingvalidatedtoolsPatienteducationonself-managementtechniques,suchasrelaxationanddispersionmethodsPainManagementandSymptomControlStrategiesMultimodalapproachtopaymanagement,includingpharmaceuticalandnonpharmaceuticalstrategiesRegularmonitoringandadjustmentoftreatmentplansasneededEndofLifeCareConsiderationsDiscussionofpatientgoalsandpreferencesforendoflifecareSymptommanagementandcomfortmeasurestailedtotheindividualEmotionalandspiritualsupportforpatientsandtheirfamiliesCoordinationofcareacrosssettings,includinghospitalityandpalliativecareservices04InfectionPreventionandControlMeasuresinHealthcareFacilitiesContactTransmission01AccidentswhenmicroorganismsaretransferreddirectlyorindirectlyfromonepersontoanotherviatouchDropletTransmission02Accidentswhenmicroorganismsarepropagatedashortdistancethroughtheairbycoughing,snoring,ortalkingAirborneTransmission03AccidentswhenmicroorganismsremainsuspendedintheairforlongperiodsandcanbeincurredbysustainableindividualsUnderstandingInfectionTransmissionPathwaysHandHygieneProtocolforHealthcareWorkersHandwashingUsingsoapandwatertophysicallyremovemicroorganismsfromhandsHanddubbingUsinganalcoholbasedhandtoquicklyreducethenumberofmicroorganismsonhandsGloveUseWearingglovesduringproceduresandwhentouchingpotentialalignedsurfacesHandHygieneComplianceRegularmonitoringandfeedbacktoensurehealthworkersheretohandHygieneprotocolsEnvironmentalCleaningandInfectionProceduresRoutineCleaningEnvironmentalMonitoringInfectionSterilizationRegularremovalofvisibledirtanddebrisusingdebrisandwaterPeriodicsamplingandtestingofsurfacesandequipmenttoassesscleanlinessanddefecteffectivenessUseofchemicalagentstokillorinactivatemicroorganismsonsurfacesUseofheat,chemicalagents,orradiationtodestroyallmicroorganismsincludingsporesStandardPrecautionsBasiclevelofinfectioncontrolappliedtoallpatientsregardlessoftheirdiagnosedorsuspectedinfectionstatusTransmissionBasedPrecautionsAdditionalcontrolsimplementedbasedonthemodeoftransmissionoftheinfectiousagent(e.g.,contact,droplet,air)PatientPlacementPlacingpatientswithsimilarinfectionstogetherandawayfromotherstominimizecrosstransmissionIsolationPrecautionsforInfectiousDiseasesPersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)Useofgovernments,gloves,masks,eyeprotection,andotherequipmenttoprotecthealthcareworkersfromexposuretoinfectiousagentsIsolationPrecautionsforInfectiousDiseases05MedicalAdministrationSafetyPracticesforNursesKnowledgeofmedicinesNursesmusthaveathoroughunderstandingofthemedicinestheyadminister,includingtheirindications,dosages,routesofadministration,andpotentialsideeffectsPatientassessmentBeforeadministeringanymedicine,nursesmustassessthepatient'scondition,includingtheirvitalsigns,appeals,andcurrentmedicineDocumentationAccurateandtimelydocumentationofmedicaladministrationiscriticaltoensurepatientsafetyandcontinuityofcareFundamentalsofMedicalAdministration010203FiverightsofmedicineadministrationNursesmustverifythepatient'sidentity,thecorrectmedicine,thecorrectmessage,thecorrectrouteofadministration,andthecorrecttimebeforeadministeringanymedicineBarcodetechnologyTheuseofbarcodetechnologycanhelpnursesverifytheidentityofthepatientandthemedicine,reducingtheriskofmedicineerrorsDoublecheckingNursesshoulddoublecheckallmedicalorderswithanothernurseorhealthcareprofessionaltoensureaccuracyErrorPreventionStrategiesduringDrugAdministrationAdvanceDrugReactionMonitoringandReportingNursesshouldparticipateinongoingeducationandtrainingonmedicalsafetytostayuptodateonthelatestpracticesandguidelinesOngoingeducationNursesmustclosemonitorpatientsforanysignsorsymptomsofadversedrugreactionsandreportthemimmediatelytothehealthcareteamMonitoringforadversedrugreactionsHealthcarefacilitiesshouldhavesystemsinplacefornutstoreportmedicalerrors,nearmisses,andadversedrugreactionsanonymouslyandconfidentlyReportingsystemsSecurestorageMedicationsshouldbestoredinasecure,lockedlocationwithlimitedaccesstoauthorizedpersonnelonlyProperhandlingNursesmusthandlemedic