卓越研究生英語（理工篇）綜合教程2-教案 U6 The ethics of technology

卓越研究生英語（理工篇）卓越研究生英語（理工篇）2教師用書PAGEPAGE2Unit6TheethicsoftechnologyUnitoverview核心問題：技術與倫理道德有何關系？我們如何實現(xiàn)二者的和諧發(fā)展？視聽素材視頻視頻探討了人工智能技術應用于日常生活所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，強調消費者難以單獨應對技術負面效應，提倡強化設計者與企業(yè)責任，構建倫理框架保護人權；通過制定法規(guī)和建立健全監(jiān)管體系，以保護隱私、增強透明度及確保問責，共創(chuàng)技術造福人類的未來。教學目的：能力。閱讀素材主課文文章指出在技術飛速發(fā)展并得到廣泛應用前企業(yè)需預先考慮潛在風險，成為負責任的技術管理者。通過跨學科合作，企業(yè)可以更全面地理解和解決潛在的倫理風險；在戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃階段，企業(yè)應暫停下來，深入思考，全面評估技術可能引發(fā)的問題，制定風險緩解策略；明確責任歸屬，設立首席技術倫理官來統(tǒng)籌管理倫理事宜，確保技術進步同時維護公眾信任。拓展閱讀1文章主要介紹了中國人工智能治理的三種系統(tǒng)方法：國家互聯(lián)網信息辦公室規(guī)制算法應用，推出算法治理規(guī)則及三年規(guī)劃；中國信息通信研究院與行業(yè)合作，發(fā)布可信人工智能白皮書，推進系統(tǒng)測試認證，加速算法可解釋性進展；科學技術部著重倫理規(guī)范，制定指南呼吁設立倫理審查機制，并將其融入人工智能系統(tǒng)全生命周期。文章呼吁，各國應合作建立人工智能治理機制，以促進人工智能技術造福人類。拓展閱讀2文章闡述了新興技術在提供便利的同時也引發(fā)了新的倫理問題，如隱私、安全和人類尊嚴等，這要求我們在追求創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展中，重視可持續(xù)性、平等及人類尊嚴，并且需要有政治承諾和良好治理來應對這些挑戰(zhàn)。成果產出為參加學術會議撰寫一篇論文摘要，主題為：技術與道德之間的聯(lián)系。LeadinginReferenceanswersPositiveapplication:E-learningplatformsandeducationalappsAI-assisteddiagnosisandroboticsurgeryBike-sharingappsandautonomousdrivingtechnologiesGPS,satelliteandreal-timeanalyticsNegativeapplication:Creationofdeepfakes,includingimages,videos,oraudioUnauthorizedaccesstoprivateinformationIdentitytheftDiscriminatoryalgorithmsExploring:ViewingScriptCarlosAffonsoSouza:Doyouuseanynavigationapplicationtogothroughtrafficjams?Whathappenswhenyouscrolldownthroughyoursocialmediafeeds?Doyoufollowanyrecommendationthatanystreamingservicemightgiveyou?SobytheendoftheweknowthatAIisthere,butdoweactuallyunderstandwhatisgoingon?Andcanwetrusttheoutputofthoseapplications?EllenBroad:Today,theapproachthatwe’vetakentothesekindsoftechnologiesistosay,well,consumerscanfigurethisoutontheirown.Theycanreadthetermsandconditionsonwebsites.Theycanchoosenottoparticipateincertaindigitalenvironments.Butincreasingly,theseproductsandplatformsarepartofourlives.Theyarepartofthewaythatweprovideeducation.Theyarepartofthewaythatwelookforjobs.Andthatpowerimbalancecannotbeaddressedbysimplygivingconsumersmoreinformationorgivingthemindividualrightsofcomplaint.Whatwe’reultimatelygoingtohavetodoifwe’regoingtochangethekindofstructuralwaysinwhichthesetechnologiesaredesignedistopushtheresponsibilitiesbackonourdesigners,backontheorganizationswhoarerelyingontechnologiestochangetheirpractices.GabrielaRamos:Technologieslikeartificialintelligencehavethepotentialtoempowerpeopleandtobroadentheirperspectives.Ortheycanwideninequalitiesandreallydon’tcontributetoaddress(addressing)oursocietalchallenges.Butwecannotblamethetechnologies.It’snotaboutthetechnologies.It’saboutusdevelopingtheframework,shapingtherulesthatwillallowthesetechnologiestodeliverto(on)whatwewantthemtoachieve.Andweneedtomakesurethatweembedthoseveryimportantethicalprinciples,theprotectionandpromotionofhumanrightsandhumandignity,thatwillat(in)theenddeterminetheoutcomes.EmmaRuttkamp-Bloem:ResponsiblegovernanceofAItechnologieswithoutthebuy-inofbigtechandothercompaniesisimpossible.Itisnecessaryforustofindwaysinwhichtoexplaintothemthatethicsisnotaboutabstractprinciples.Ethicsshouldbebottom-up.Itisadynamicsystem.Itshouldenableinnovationandintheendleadtotrustinproductsofthesecompanies,whichwouldleadtosuccessintermsofwhatevertheirbusinessaimsare.CarlosAffonsoSouza:seehowethicaldebatesendup(haveendedup)playinganimportantroleinshapingtheconversationofAIregulationoverthelastfiveyears.saw(see)aplethoraofcharters,declaration(declarations)ofAIethicalprinciples.areseeingrightnowthatthoseprinciplesarebeingappliedonaverypracticalbasis.AlotofcountriesinLatinAmericahavealreadycomeupwiththeirnationalstrategiesonartificialintelligence,butsomecountriesintheregionaregoingastepTheyareactuallyregulating,throughhardsomeoftheprinciplesofartificialintelligence.EllenBroad:IntheEuropeanUnion,we’relookingatdraftAIacts.IntheU.S.,Congressisstartingtotalkingreatdetailabout(the)monopolypoweroftechnologycompanies.Andyoucanseethewheelsturningacrosstheworldascountriesmovefromawarenessraisingtostrategytoattemptsatimplementation,attemptsatregulation.EmmaRuttkamp-Bloem:Lackofaccessibilitytothesetechnologiesbydefinitionwouldexcludeonefromthedebateonresponsiblegovernancebecause,ineffect,thedecisionsthataregeneratedinsuchaprocesswouldjustnotapplytoapersonwhowasnotpartofthedataset.Soinfactyouaredeleted.don’texist.CarlosAffonsoSouza:Sothereisafirststepthatneedstobetaken,whichistounderstandwhichgroupsareexcludedfromthisconversation,becausewhenwetalkabout(the)regulationofAI,we’retalkingaboutprivacy,we’retalkingaboutdataprotection,we’retalkingaboutfreedomofexpression,(and)we’retalkingaboutverybasichumanrights.GabrielaRamos:Whatmakesthedifferenceistohavesoundregulatoryframeworksthatwillprotectprivacy,thatwillenhancetransparency,(and)thatwillreallydeliveronaccountability.Butthisissomethingweneedtoshape.Itneedstobethroughaprocesswherewelistentoeverybody,andIfeelthatthisistheonlywaywecandeliver(a)strongbasisforthetechnologiestodeliverto(on)ourhumangoals.CarlosAffonsoSouza:Thegreatriskatthispointintimeisthatartificialintelligencebecomesa(an)armsraceinwhicheachcountryonlyfocus(focuses)onitsowncontextandsee(sees)theothercountriesascompetitors.AImightbuildbridgesandconnectpeopleandcountries,butatthesametime(it)couldbetheotherwayaround.Thisisthedebatethatyoushouldcareabout,becausethat’sthedebatethatisshapingupourfuturewithtechnology.ReferenceanswersPre-viewingIagreewiththeperspectivethattheproblemscausedbycertaintechnologiescanbereducedifconsumerschoosenottousethem.Thisviewpointisvalidforseveralreasons:Firstly,consumerresistancetospecifictechnologiescanactasapotentfeedbackmechanismwithinthemarket.Whenasignificantnumberofuserschoosenottoadoptorcontinueusingcertaintechnologiesduetoperceivednegativeimpacts,itsignalsproducerstoimproveandinnovate,addressingusers’concernsandenhancingsatisfaction.Secondly,makinginformedchoicesofteninvolvespublicdiscussion.Asindividualsdeliberateonwhethertousecertaintechnologies,awarenessanddiscussionoftheirbenefitsanddrawbacksincrease.Thismayleadtoabroaderunderstandingofemergingtechnologiesandsupportforregulatoryframeworksthatensureresponsibleinnovationanddeployment.Inconsumersoptingoutofcertaintechnologiesisbothapracticalresponsetoperceivedissuesandacatalystforbroaderchangesinhowtechnologyisdevelopedandadopted.Itencouragesongoingconversationsabouttheroleoftechnologyinsociety,contributingtoamorebalancedapproachthatconsidersbothprogressandethicalconsiderations.Idisagreewiththeperspectivethatconsumersalonecanmitigatenegativeimpactsbychoosingnottousecertaintechnologies.Theargumentisbasedonseveralpoints:Firstly,technologyhasbecomesointegraltodailylife,includingessentialserviceslikeeducation,healthcare,andemployment,makingitimpracticalformostuserstoavoid.Forexample,onlinelearningplatforms,telemedicine,anddigitaljobmarketsarenecessitiesintoday’sworld.Secondly,responsibilityshouldnotsolelyrestonconsumers.Techcompaniesanddevelopersneedtoensuretheirproductsandservicesaredesignedethicallyfromtheoutset,includingcomprehensivetesting,transparentprivacypolicies,andethicalalgorithmernmentalagenciesplayacrucialroleinaddressingnegativeimpacts.Complexissueslikeprivacyanddatasecurityrequiremorethanconsumerchoices.Effectiveregulationsandpoliciesareessentialtoensureresponsibletechdevelopmentandprotectpublicinterests.Therefore,addressingtechnology’snegativeimpactsrequirescollaborationamongconsumers,techcompanies,andgovernmentalagencies.Thisinvolvesfosteringcorporateresponsibility,implementingstrongregulations,andincreasingpublicunderstanding.Bysharingresponsibilityandworkingtogether,wecancreateamoreequitableandethicaldigitallandscape.AnalyticalviewingViewingandunderstandingoutputdesignersandorganizationstherulesbigtechandothercompaniesAIregulationhumanrightsastrongbasiscontextExercisesonline★ Watchthevideoagainandmatchthefourspeakerswiththeirargumentsandtheexplanationsprovided.SpeakersArgumentsExplanationsEllenBroadATheethicalprinciplesofAIarebeingappliedonahighlypracticalbasis.aItisourresponsibilitytocreatetheframeworkandestablishtherulesthatenablethesetechnologiestofulfilltheoutcomeswedesire.GabrielaRamosBMerelygivingconsumersinformationaboutdigitalproductsandplatformsisn’tenoughtoaddressthepowerimbalance.bDecisionsresultingfromtheprocesswouldsimplynotbeapplicabletoanindividualwhoisnotincludedinthedataset.CarlosAffonsoSouzaCshouldnotblamethetechnologiesforwideninginequalitiesandmakingnocontribution toaddressing challenges.chavebecomeintegraltoessentialaspectsoflifelikeeducationandjobsearch.EmmaRuttkamp-BloemDTheabsenceofaccesstotechnologieswouldautomaticallyexcludeindividuals fromparticipating indiscussions onresponsiblegovernance.dSeveralLatinAmericancountrieshavedevelopednationalstrategiesforAI,andcertaincountriesintheregionareenactinglegalregulationstoenforcespecificprinciples.EllenBroad--B--cGabrielaRamos--C--aCarlosAffonsoSouza--A--dEmmaRuttkamp-Bloem--D--bThinkingbeyondEnsuringtheresponsibledevelopmentanduseofAIrequirestheinvolvementofvariousstakeholders,includingthegovernment,companies,researchinstitutions,andindividualusers.Here’showeachgroupcanhelpensureAIisusedethicallyandresponsibly.ThegovernmentThegovernmentplaysacriticalroleinsettingthelegalandregulatoryframeworkthatguidesthedevelopmentandapplicationofAI.Itshouldfocuson:Regulationandpolicy:EstablishclearguidelinesandstandardsforAIusethatprotectandhumanrights.Thisincludesdataprotectionlaws,regulationsonalgorithmictransparency,andaccountabilitymeasures.Ethicalstandards:PromoteethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopmentanduse,ensuringthatAIsystemsdonotperpetuatebiasesordiscrimination.Publicawareness:EducatethepublicaboutAItoincreasedigitalliteracyandawarenessofpotentialrisksandbenefits.Investmentinresearch:ProvidefundingforresearchintothedevelopmentofsafeandbeneficialAIapplications,aswellasstudiesonthelong-termimpactsofAIonvariousaspectsofCompaniesCompaniesarekeyplayersinthedevelopmentanddeploymentofAItechnologies.Theirresponsibilitiesinclude:Ethicalbusinesspractices:EnsurethatAIproductsandservicesadheretoethicalbusinesspractices,suchasfairness,accountability,andtransparency.Dataresponsibility:HandledataresponsiblybyimplementingrobustdatagovernanceframeworksthatrespectuserprivacyanddataUser-centricdesign:DesignAIsystemswiththeend-userinmind,consideringthediverseneedsandcontextsofusers.Continuousimprovement:PursuecontinuousimprovementofAIsystemsthroughfeedbackmechanismsanditerativedesignprocesses.ResearchinstitutionsResearchinstitutionscontributetoadvancingAIresponsiblythrough:Interdisciplinaryresearch:Encouragecollaborationamongcomputerscientists,ethicists,socialscientists,andexpertsfromotherdisciplinestoaddressthecomplexchallengesposedbyAI.Openaccess:Promoteopenaccesstoresearchfindingsanddataresourcestofacilitateknowledgesharingandaccelerateinnovation.andeducation:DevelopcurriculathatintegrateethicalconsiderationsintoAIeducation,preparingfuturegenerationstodevelopanddeployAIPublicengagement:InvolvethepublicindiscussionsaboutAIresearchprioritiesandethicalconsiderations.IndividualsIndividualscanalsoplayapartinensuringtheresponsibleuseofAI:Educationandawareness:LearnaboutAItechnologiesandstayinformedaboutthelatestdevelopmentsandtheirimplications.Ethicaluse:BemindfuloftheethicalimplicationswhenusingAI-poweredtoolsandservices.Engagement:ParticipateincommunitydiscussionsandadvocacyeffortsrelatedtoAIgovernance.Feedback:ProvidefeedbacktodevelopersandpolicymakersaboutexperienceswithAIsystems,contributingtotheimprovementsandadjustments.Byworkingtogether,thesegroupscanhelpensurethatAIisdevelopedandusedinwaysthatbenefitsocietyasawholewhileminimizingpotentialharms.AdditionalactivityCarlosAffonsoSouzadiscussesthedualpotentialofAItoeitherbuildbridgesorcreatedivisionsamongcountries.Analyzethefactorsthatcouldleadtoeitheroutcome.HowcanAIbeleveragedtopromoteglobalunityandcooperationratherthancompetitionanddivision?ReferenceanswersAItechnologyhasthedualpotentialtoeitherpromoteunityamongcountriesorleadtodivisions.Factorsleadingtounity:internationalcooperationandstandardization,sharingtechnologyandknowledge,cross-borderprojectsandresearch,etc.Factorsleadingtodivision:technologicalmonopolyandunfaircompetition,lackoftransparencyandtrust,datasovereigntyandprivacyissues,etc.Suggestionstopromoteglobalunityandcooperation:EstablishaninternationalAIgovernanceframework:CountriesshouldworktogethertoestablishaninclusiveandtransparentinternationalAIgovernanceframeworktoensurethatthedevelopmentandapplicationofAItechnologiescomplywithglobalethicalstandardsandhumanrightsprinciples.Promotetechnologysharingandcapacitybuilding:LeadingtechcompaniesandnationswithadvancedAIcapabilitiesshouldactivelyengageinsharingtechnologyandprovidingassistancetoenhanceAIcapabilitiesaimingtonarrowthetechnologygapacrossdifferentregions.Encouragecross-borderAIresearchcollaboration:Governmentsandinternationalorganizationsshouldencourageandfundcross-borderAIresearchprojects,particularlyinaddressingglobalchallengessuchasclimatechangeandpublichealth,toenhancecooperationandmutualtrustamongnations.researchprojects,particularlyinaddressingglobalchallengessuchasclimatechangeandpublichealth,toenhancecooperationandmutualtrustamongnations.Enhanceeducationandpublicparticipation:IncreasingpublicunderstandingandparticipationinAItechnologiesisessentialtoensurethatcitizenshaveavoiceinAIgovernanceandpolicymaking.Thisinvolvementfostersasenseofglobalsharedresponsibility.embed shapeembed shapeup theotherwayaround endupWordsandphrasesWordsandphrasesCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandphrasesbelow.InAIdevelopment,often :insteadoftechnologyshapingvaluesareincreasinglyshapingthedirectionofAI.companiesneedto theirdataprivacypoliciestoensureuserinformationissecurelyprotectedandethicallymanaged.Inordertofosterresponsibleandunbiasedoutcomes,itisimportantto ethicalconsiderationsintothedevelopmentofAIsystems.strictethicalguidelines,wemight creatingAIsystemsthatactcontrarytohumanvaluesandinterests.theotherwayaroundshapeupembedendupExploring:ReadingBackgroundinformation5Gnetworks5G networks represent the fifth-generation mobile communicationtechnology,offeringsignificantlyfasterdatatransferspeeds,lowerlatency,andincreasedcapacitycomparedtopreviousgenerations.Thistechnologyenablesmoreconnecteddevicesandsupportsthedevelopmentofadvancedapplicationslikeautonomousvehiclesandsmartcities.Virtualreality(VR)PAGEPAGE16Virtualreality(VR)isatechnologythatcreatesasimulatedenvironmentusingcomputertechnology,allowinguserstoexperienceandinteractwithavirtualworld.ByusingVRheadsetsandsensors,userscanentera3-Dvirtualspacewheretheirvisual,auditory,andtactilesensesaresimulatedtoprovidearealisticexperience.VRtechnologyiswidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchasgaming,education,healthcare,andarchitecturaldesign.CloudmanufacturingCloudmanufacturingisaninnovativemanufacturingmodelthatutilizestechnologiessuchascloudcomputing,theInternetofThings(IoT),bigdata,andintelligentmanufacturingtechnologies.Inthismodel,manufacturingresourcesandcapabilitiesaretransformedintoservicesthatcanbeaccessedandutilizedovertheInternet.Cloudmanufacturingsupportscollaborationamongdifferentstakeholders,includingsuppliers,manufacturers,andcustomers,byprovidingasharedplatformforinformationexchangeandprocessintegration.LanguagepointsWeallwantthetechnologyinourlivestofulfillitspromise–tocausedelightratherthandread,tohelpusratherthanharmus.(Para.1)Meaning:Wehopethatthetechnologyweusedailyachieveswhatitsetsouttodo,bringingjoyinsteadoffearandassistingusinsteadofcausingharm.dreadn.[U,sing.]astrongfearofsth.thatisgoingtohappenormayhappen恐懼；害怕Therewasagrowingdreadamongthepassengersaboutthesevereturbulenceforecastedfortheirflight.vt.feelanxiousorworriedaboutsth.thatisgoingtohappenormayhappen畏懼；懼怕；擔心Wealldreadthefluseason,deeplyconcernedaboutgettingsickandmissingimportantevents.NotesNotes在本句中，ratherthan用于連接兩個并列的成分，表達一種對比或取舍關系，意思是“而不是”、“而非”，用來強調前后兩部分之間的區(qū)別或選擇偏好。同義表達包括insteadof。Toooften,thepatterngoeslikethis:Atechnologyisintroduced,growsrapidly,andpermeatesourlives,andonlythendoessocietybegintoseeandaddressanyproblemsitmightcreate.(Para.1)Meaning:Thereisarecurringissuewhereanewtechnologyisintroduced,quicklygainspopularity,andbecomesasignificantpartofdailylife.Itisonlyafterthiswidespreadadoptionthatsocietytypicallybecomesawareofandstartstodealwithanyproblemsthatthetechnologymightcreate.NotesNotesatechnologyisintroduced,growsrapidly,andpermeatesourlivesandonlythendoessocietybeginto...采用了部分倒裝。通常情況下，英文中的正常語序是主語加謂語，但在本句中，由于使用onlydoes被society之前，原本的語序是andsocietyonlythenbeginsto...andonlythendoessocietybeginto...。使用部分倒onlythen這一時間狀語，從而突出在那個特定時間點上Imagineifthegrowthoftheautomobilehadgonedifferently,withseatbeltsdeveloped,saferroadwaysbuilt,andbettertrafficlawsimplementedmuchearlier,rightalongwiththeengineinnovationsthatgaveusmorepowerandgreaterspeed.(Para.2)Meaning:Imagineifthedevelopmentoftheautomobilehadtakenadifferentpath,withtheearlyintroductionofseatbelts,theconstructionofsaferroads,andtheimplementationofbettertrafficlaws,allprogressingalongsidetheengineadvancementsthatprovidedincreasedpowerandspeed.NotesNotes通過對比前一句實際上發(fā)生的歷史（早期汽車發(fā)展過程中發(fā)生的高事）建設更安全的道路、實施更完善的交通法規(guī)），強調了在技術發(fā)展過本句使用了排比的修辭，列舉了三個方面的改進：withseatbeltsdeveloped、saferroadwaysbuilt和bettertrafficlawsimplemented，使句子節(jié)奏感更強，更有說服力。CompaniesshouldlearntoberesponsiblestewardsoftheAItheydeploy,the5Gnetworkstheyhavebeguntobuild,andsomuchmorethat’scomingtowardus,fromquantumcomputingtovirtualreality(VR)toblockchain.(Para.3)Meaning:CompaniesshouldlearntoresponsiblyoverseetheAItheyimplement,the5Gnetworkstheyhavebeguntoconstruct,andalltheotheremergingtechnologiesthatareheadingourway,includingquantumcomputing,virtualreality(VR),andblockchain.Meaningbeyondwords:Thisstatementemphasizesthatcompaniesmustembraceasenseofaccountabilityandproactivemanagementconcerningtheadvancedtechnologiestheyintroduceintosociety.Byreferringtothemas“responsiblestewards”,itimpliesthatcompaniesshouldnotjustcreateorusethesetechnologiesbutalsoensuretheirsafe,ethical,andbeneficialimplementation.stewardn.[C]sb.whoprotectssth.orisresponsibleforit,esp.sth.suchasnature,publicpropertyormoney（）Thecorporatestewardisprimarilyresponsibleformanagingthecompany’sassetsandensuringfinancialstability.amanwhosejobistoservefoodanddrinkstopassengersonaplaneorship（飛機或輪船上的）男乘務員，男服務員Thestewardoffereduscomplimentarydrinksandsnacksduringthelong-haulflighttomakeourjourneymorepleasant.Thestakesarehigh.(Para.3)Meaning:Therisksandpotentialconsequencesaresubstantial.Meaningbeyondwords:Thissentencemeansthatthesituationcarriessignificantrisksandpotentialconsequences.Becausetechnologiesplayacrucialroleindrivingchangeandeconomicgrowth,itisvitalforcompaniestoactethicallyandensuretheirtechnologiesareAnyfailuretodosocouldhaveseriousandfar-reachingimpacts.Whiletheyareincapableofpredictingthefuture,theycanadoptasoundframeworkthatwillhelpthemprepareforandrespondtounexpectedemergentimpacts.(Para.4)Meaning:Althoughtheycannotforeseethefuture,theycanemployarobustframeworkthatwillenablethemtogetreadyforandaddressunforeseenconsequencesastheyarise.incapablea.unabletodosth.無能力的；不會的；不能的Theoldmachinerywasincapableofmeetingthenewproductionstandards,necessitatinganupgradetomoremodernequipment.emergenta.(onlybeforenoun)intheearlystagesofexistenceordevelopmentmajorautomotivecompaniesandtechnologystartups.Technologydevelopmentteamsshouldthinkwithmoreforesightandnuanceabouttherisks–guidedbythosewiththemostrelevantknowledge.(Para.5)Meaning:Technologydevelopmentteamsshouldconsiderriskswithgreateranticipationandsubtleunderstanding,undertheguidanceofthosepossessingthemostrelevantexpertise.nuancen.[C,U]aslightdifferencethatmaybedifficulttonoticebutisfairlyimportant細微差別Understandingthenuancesofculturaldifferencesiscrucialforeffectivecommunicationinadiverseandglobalizedworkplace.Asthetechnologyevolves,VRsimulationsarebecomingsorealisticthatthepossibilityofactualtraumafromavirtualexperiencemightneedtobeaddressed.(Para.6)Meaning:AsVRtechnologyadvancesandbecomesmoretrue-to-life,anewconcernarises:theneedtoaddressthepotentialforuserstoexperienceactualpsychologicaloremotionaldistressfromthesehighlyrealisticvirtualenvironments.Ascompaniespursuethesetechnologies,whichhavethepotentialtodramaticallychangetheskillsetneededonthefactoryfloor,theymightseekconsultationwithlaboreconomistswhocanshedlightonlargerworkforceissues.(Para.7)Meaning:Asbusinessesadoptthesetechnologiesthatcouldsignificantlyaltertherequiredskillsforfactoryworkers,theymayconsultlaboreconomiststogaininsightsintobroaderworkforcechallenges.skillsetn.[C](alsoskillset)arangeofskillsorabilities（Buildingacomprehensiveskillsetdedicationtolearningnewtechnologiesandexistingabilitiesshed/cast/throwlightonsth.makeaproblem,etc.easiertounderstand使（問題等）較容易理解Thesurveyresultsshedlightonconsumerpreferences,helpingbusinessestailortheirproductstobettermeetmarketdemands.Thismightmeanthat,asbusinessesrushtowarda5Gfuturewithagiantleapindataspeedsandubiquitousconnectivity,theyshouldpausetoconsiderandaddressnewprivacyconcerns–perhapswellbeyondthosewearealreadygrapplingwith.(Para.9)Meaning:Thiscouldimplythatasbusinessesrapidlyadvanceintoa5Gfuturewithsignificantlyfasterdataspeedsandpervasiveconnectivity,theyshouldtakeamomenttoidentifyandtackleemergingprivacyissues,whichmaybemorecomplexthanthosewecurrentlyface.NotesNotes本句使用了對比的修辭手法，主要體現(xiàn)在了以下兩方面：rushtowarda5Gfuture（5G未來）pausetoconsiderandaddressnewprivacyconcerns（停下來考慮并解決新的隱私問題）進行對比，強調了在技術快速發(fā)展的同時，也需要停下來關注隱私問題。newprivacyconcerns（新的隱私問題）thosewearealreadygrapplingwith（我們已經在應對的問題）進行對比，表示新的隱私問題的復雜性或挑戰(zhàn)性或許遠遠超過我們目前所面臨的那些問題。Theteamhastoconductresearchandestablishtheguardrailsthatcanminimizerisks.(Para.11)Meaning:Theteamneedstocarryoutresearchandsetupguidelinesthatcanreducerisks.guardrailn.[C]alongmetalbarthatisintendedtopreventcarsorpeoplefromfallingovertheedgeofaroad,boat,orhighstructure（道路、船只或高層建筑的）金屬護欄Duringtherenovation,workersinstalledanewguardrailonthebalconytocomplywithupdatedsafetyregulations.NotesNotes單詞guardrail（道路、船只或高層建筑的）句中比喻那些用來避免或減少風險的指導原則或保護措施。Whenacompanyiscalledtoaccountforthetechnologyithasdevelopedordeployed,someonecouldendupbeingsummonedtocourtoransweringquestionsfromthemedia.(Para.12)Meaning:Ifacompanyisaskedtoexplainorjustifythetechnologyithascreatedorputintouse,thereisapossibilitythatanindividualfromthecompanymighthavetoappearincourtorfacequestionsfromjournalists.accountforsth.giveanexplanationofsth.解釋；說明Theengineerwasaskedtoaccountfortheunexpectedfailureofthenewsystemduringtheproduct’sinitialtestingphase.summonvt.(fml.)ordersbtoappearincourt（）Thelawyerrequestedthecourttosummonadditionalwitnessestosupporttheirclient’sdefensestrategy.ordersbtocometoyou召喚Themanagersummonedalldepartmentheadstohisofficeforanurgentmeetingaboutthenewproject.Morerigorousattentiontosuchnegativeoutcomesisexactlythepoint–andmayimprovethechancesthatnooneeverhastoappearbeforepolicymakersorajudgetoexplainhowapieceoftechnologycameaboutinthefirstplace.(Para.13)Meaning:Payingcloserattentiontothesenegativeoutcomesispreciselythemainpoint,anditmightincreasethelikelihoodthatnoonewilleverneedtoexplaintheoriginsofapieceoftechnologytopolicymakersorajudge.pointn.[C](alsothe~)themainormostimportantideainsth.thatissaidordone重點；要點；核心問題Thepointofthediscussionwastoidentifykeyareasforimprovementinourcustomerserviceapproach.Butthebroaderpointisthattrustandethicsissuescanbemanagedeffectively–aslongastheproperleadershipcommitmentsaremade.(Para.15)Meaning:However,thegeneralviewisthatissuesoftrustandethicscanbedealtwitheffectively,providedthatthereareappropriatecommitmentsmadebyleadership.NotesNotesaslongas是一個表示條件的結構，用來說明在某個特定條件下某事會發(fā)生或成立，意思相當于“只要”。在本句中，aslongas引導了一個條件從句theproperleadershipcommitmentsaremade，指出了事件發(fā)生的條件，即需要有恰當的領導層承諾。除了aslongas之外，還有其他一些常用的