Unit1 Science and scientists Reading and thinking 課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)-1

1.wheredoyouthinkthisphotowastaken?2.Whatarethestudentsdoinginthephoto?Itmaybetakeninachemistrylaboratory.Twogirlstudentsareconductinganexperiment.Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,creativeimaginationandmarks

realadvanceinscience.―AlbertEinstein&LeopoldInfeld提出新的問(wèn)題，發(fā)現(xiàn)新的可能，從新的角度審視已存在的問(wèn)題，這些需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性的想象力，并標(biāo)志著科學(xué)的真正進(jìn)步。―阿爾伯特

?愛(ài)因斯坦

利奧波德?英費(fèi)爾德OpeningpageLeadin

Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?takenucleicacidtestsgetvaccinatedPositivemeasuresaretakentofightagainstCovid-19.做核酸檢測(cè)接種疫苗Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics(流行病)doyouknow?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria（瘧疾）plague（鼠疫）Ebola(埃博拉)CholeraItbeginsinthestomachandaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.Thevictimsdiedveryquicklyfromalossofliquid(缺水)afterseverevomiting(嘔吐)anddiarrhoea(腹瀉).TheStoryofCholeraPredictionJohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Accordingtothetitle,thestoryisgoingtotellusinformationabout...Thetextismainlyabout____________and_______hedefeatedkingcholera.howJohnSnowscientificresearch?

DrawaconclusionCollectdataAskaquestion

Findaproblem

Analyzetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodStagesofScientificResearchWhile-readingActivity1:ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3Activity2:SkimthetexttoseeiftheorderyoudecidedinPredictionwascorrect.Activity1:ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3While-readingPara1Who&What?JohnSnowCholeraa______________________doctorbecame__________________________________________onceandforallBritish,youngandfamous_____________QueenVictoriaattendedtofrustratedlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraoneof__________________deseases_________________________________millionsofpeople__________thediseaseintheearly19thcenturythemostfeareddiarrhoea,dehydrationandevendeathdiedfromcausessevereneverResearch

backgroundWhile-readingPara21.Whatproblemdidthetwotheoriestrytosolve?ToexplainhowCholeraspread.2.WhatwerethetwotheoriesandwhichdidJohnSnowagreewith?TwocontradictorytheoriesTheoryone:causedby________Theorytwo:causedby_______badairgermsSnowsubscribedto

thesecondtheory.?problemFindaproblem→AskaquestionIngeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.2.WhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?Para.2Findaproblem→AskaquestionPara.3Thinkofamethod→CollectdatamarkingonamapWhichhouseshadmorethan4deathsinBroadStreet?WhichhouseshadnodeathinBroadStreet?Anyotherevidence?Whatresultdidheget?Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafterdrinkingwaterfromthepump.JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.JohnSnowhadthehandleofthepumpremoved.Thediseasewasstopped.Snowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EItwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter__________________________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpdrinkingwaterReadfromPara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.conclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesWatercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater.Thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworlddecreased.Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.2.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?TheFatherofModernEpidemiology1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondonin1854?ReadPara.4-5andanswerthequestions.WatercompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste,causingpeoplewhodrankthiswatertogetcholera.SummaryFindaproblem:Whatcausedacholera?Askaquestion：Whichtheoryisright?Thinkofamethod：Gatheredevidence,analyzedtheresultsandremovedthehandleofthepump.Drawaconclusion:Thetruthwasthatpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Takemeasures:Watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofthediseasedecreased.Thestagesofscientificresearch

JohnSnowwas1.___well-knowndoctorinLondoninthe19thcentury.Hewantedtofindthecauseofcholerainordertohelppeople2._________

(infect)withit.In1854whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondon,he3.______

(begin)togatherinformation4.____________

(immediate).Hemarkedonamap5.______allthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewho6.__________(drink)thedirtywater7._____thepumpdied.Soheannouncedthatthepumpwater8.________

(carry)choleragerms.Hesuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupplies9._____________________(examine)andnewmethodsof10.________

(deal)withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.a

infected

began

immediately

wherehaddrunkfromcarried(should)beexamineddealing課文語(yǔ)法填空Post-readingPost-readingInordernottogetinfectedwithdisease,whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylife.Drinkboiledwater.Remembertowearamaskwhengoingout.Heatthefoodleftovernight.Washyourhandsoften.Cookrawfoodthoroughly.Dealwithrubbishtimelyandproperly.GroupdiscussionWhatspiritscanwelearnfromascientistlikeJohnSnow?ambitiousdeterminedconfidenthard-workingstrictpatientCholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.賓語(yǔ)從句Para1同位語(yǔ)“過(guò)去常常做...”“令人恐懼的”定語(yǔ)從句“變得沮喪”“最終”“升遷”rise-rose-risen“照顧；照料”thedesiretodo“做...的愿望”JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”句式分析：句中"howtopreventortreatcholera"為“特殊疑問(wèn)句的不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，作動(dòng)詞knew的賓語(yǔ)。Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.作為一名年輕的醫(yī)生，約翰·斯諾變得沮喪，因?yàn)闆](méi)有人知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂。常見(jiàn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞：疑問(wèn)代詞：who,what,which等和疑問(wèn)副詞how,when,where等。語(yǔ)法功能：該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于名詞性從句，在句中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等（作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)）。通常在tell,know,understand,explain,teach,learn,discuss等動(dòng)詞后面。

Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedto?ndoutwhy.Para2“一般說(shuō)來(lái)”賓語(yǔ)從句后置定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句“同意;贊同”“襲擊；攻擊”ahitsongIthitssbthat...很火/熱門(mén)歌曲“如此...以至于”，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句“下定決心干某事”“因此”某人突然想到JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Hewassofoolishthatheacceptedherinvitation.TheywalkedsofastthatIcouldnotkeepupwiththem.【翻譯】她如此興奮，以至于忍不住蹦蹦跳跳他接受她的邀請(qǐng)真是太傻了。他們走的那么快，我沒(méi)法跟上他們。Shewassoexcitedthatshecouldn'thelpjumpingupanddown.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)常用倒裝句型So+adj.+謂+主+that從句：Soexcitedwasshethatshecouldn'thelpjumpingupanddown.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Para3by+doing“通過(guò)...方式”定語(yǔ)從句“因而”，連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthat

thewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremoved

sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.Para3表語(yǔ)從句“似乎...”“havesthdone”賓語(yǔ)從句“因此”目的狀語(yǔ)從句JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”havemyhaircuthavemywalletstolen【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph__________(take).我需要一個(gè)新護(hù)照，所以我得去讓人給我照相。2)You’dbetterhavetheoldfurniture__________(remove)outoftheroom.你最好找人把這些舊家具從房間里搬出去。takenremovedThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswater

weremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrank