翻譯三級筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題17

翻譯三級筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題17Ⅰ.Grammar:MiscellaneousGrammaticalPointsA、MultipleChoices1.

______breakuproc（江南博哥）k,slowlywearingitawayovermillionsofyears.A.Ice,windandrunningwaterwhichB.Ice,windandrunningwaterC.Ifice,windandrunningwaterD.Whenice,windandrunningwater正確答案：B

2.

In1983,thefossilizedclawandbones______adinosaurwerefoundinSurrey,England.A.thatB.isC.whichisD.of正確答案：D

3.

Youthinkthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis______theydisagree.A.howB.whichC.whenD.where正確答案：D

4.

Minoancivilization______rapidlyafterahugevolcaniceruption;CretewaseventuallyoverrunwithpeoplefrommainlandGreece.A.decliningB.declinedC.wasdeclinedD.todecline正確答案：B

5.

Weallthink______thatthefootballmatchhasbeencancelled.A.itapityB.itpityC.whatapityD.apityis正確答案：A此句中的it為形式賓語，作主句謂語動詞think的賓語；that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的賓語；apity作賓語的補(bǔ)足語。

6.

AsMercurymovesinitssolarorbit,______itsaxis,animaginarylinethatrunsthroughitscenter.A.rotatesitonB.itrotatesonC.onrotatesitD.rotatesonit正確答案：B

7.

Theirkeensensesofhearingandsmellhavemadesometypesofdogs______inhuntingandtrackingandassecurityguards.A.asvaluableB.ofthevalueC.arevaluedD.valuable正確答案：D

8.

______asmuchas1/4ofalltimberharvestedhasnotbeenused.A.ThatisestimatedB.ItisestimatedthatC.ThereisestimatedD.Itestimatesthat正確答案：B此句中的it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。

9.

Igneousrocksform______hotmeltedrockfrominsidetheEarthcoolsandbecomessolids.A.whenB.whendoesC.andwhenD.itiswhen正確答案：A

10.

Earlyphilosophersbelievedthatthemindwasdividedintothreefaculties______asfeeling,intellect,andwill.A.toknowB.knownC.knowingD.knewthem正確答案：B

11.

Theionosphere,______extremelythinair,liesabovethestratosphereandextendsupwardsome650miles.A.isalayerB.layerofC.hasalayerofD.alayerwhere正確答案：B

12.

Thetwelveconstellationslocatedalongorneartheecliptic______thesignsofthezodiac.A.arereferredtoasB.asreferredtoC.theyarereferredtoD.towhicharereferred正確答案：A

13.

______ourmostrecentmemoindicatesis______wehaven'tyetprotectedourselvesagainsttheriskofthemarket.A.WhatthatB.WhatwhatC.ThatwhatD.Thatthat正確答案：A此句中what引導(dǎo)的部分為主語從句；that引導(dǎo)的部分為表語從句。

14.

Foodistobody______knowledgeistomind.A.whatB.asC.whichD.how正確答案：B

15.

Inareasawayfromthepoles,thesizeofglaciersdecreasesinsummerbecausetherisingtemperaturecausesthelowerparts______.A.meltB.aremeltingC.meltedD.tomelt正確答案：D

16.

Ofparticularinteresttovisitors______thelargenumberofbookstoresthatsellbooksindifferentlanguages.A.areB.isC.wereD.was正確答案：B此句中，thelargenumberofbookstores是本句的主語，所以系動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。

17.

Such______thecase,therewerenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaint.A.wasB.wereC.beingD.hadbeen正確答案：C

18.

Lackofmoneymeansthatthe______offreeclinicsmustbereduced.A.amountB.numberC.degreeD.quantity正確答案：B

19.

ShowmeyourIDcard,______?A.willyouB.doyouC.shan'tyouD.can'tyou正確答案：A

20.

Sosmall______thatthemostpowerfulmicroscopescannotdetectthem.A.aretheseparticlesB.weretheseparticlesC.theseparticlesareD.theseparticleswere正確答案：A

21.

Maryneverdreamsof______forhertobesentabroadverysoon.A.therebeingachanceB.theretobeachanceC.therebeachanceD.beingachance正確答案：A

22.

Theinventionoftelephonemeans______peoplecouldsendmessagesalongwayatgreatspeed.A.whatatlastB.atlastwhatC.thatatlastD.atlastthat正確答案：C

23.

______inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.A.ThegirlwaseducatedB.ThegirleducatedC.Thegirl'sbeingeducatedD.Thegirltobeeducated正確答案：C此句中，thegirl'sbeingeducated是帶邏輯主語的動名詞短語，用作句子的主語。

24.

Ifhe______tomorrow,Iwouldgivehimthedictionaryheneeds.A.comesB.shouldcomeC.wouldcomeD.willcome正確答案：B

25.

Iwishourview______.A.weren'tsofarapartB.weren'tsofarawayC.hadn'tbeensofarawayD.aren'tsofarapart正確答案：A

26.

He______abroadbuthewassuddenlytakenill.A.istogoB.wenttoC.wasgoingD.wastohavegone正確答案：C

27.

Iftherearealotofinterestingpeopleandgoodfood,wewon'tobjectto______tothewelcomeparty.A.comeB.havingcomeC.comingD.beingcome正確答案：C此句中，objectto(doing)sth.是固定搭配。

28.

Thedevelopmentofmechanicaltimepiecesspurredthesearchformoreaccuratesundials______.A.whichtoregulatethemwithB.withwhichtoregulatethemC.toregulatethemwithwhichD.whichtoregulatewiththem正確答案：B此句中，withwhichtoregulatethem是介詞提前的定語從句，修飾sundials。

29.

Nancyhasn'tbegunworkingonherPh.D.______workingonherMaster's.A.stillbecausesheisyetB.yetasaresultsheisstillC.yetbecausesheisstillD.stillwhilesheisalready正確答案：C

30.

______thatyouwintheprize,youwillbenotifiedbymail.A.IntheeventC.IntheeventofC.AtalleventsD.Inanyevent正確答案：A

B、ErrorCorrection1.

SocialreformerFrederickDouglassdedicatedhislifetoworkfortheabolitionofslaveryandthefightforcivilrights.正確答案：work→working此句中，dedicatesb./sth.to(doing)sth.是固定搭配。

2.

About150yearsago,CharlesDarwinshockedtheworldwithhistheorythathumanswererelativitytoapes.正確答案：relativity→relative

3.

Theovariesofcertainprimateseachcontainerapproximatelythreehundredthousandeggswhicharereleasedonebyoneoveraspanofaboutthirtyyears.正確答案：container→contains

4.

Whenanucleusisnotdividing,itconsistingofanuclearmembrane,anucleoulus,andevenlydistributedgeneticmaterials.正確答案：consistingof→consistsof

5.

Animalsusuallyprepareforhibernationbyeatinglargeamountoffoodtobuildoutstoredfatintheirbodies.正確答案：buildout→buildup

6.

Traditionally,ethnographersandlinguistshavepaidlittleattentiontoculturalinterpretationsgivingtosilence,ortothetypesofsocialcontextsinwhichittendstooccur.正確答案：giving→given

7.

Althoughallhumansage,therateatwhichthisinevitableprocessoccursisdifferenteachperson.正確答案：different→differentto

8.

HowIwishtohelpthepeoplewhosekindnessandgentlenesshavemademylifeworthtolive.正確答案：tolive→living此句中，beworth(doing)sth.是固定搭配。

9.

Eclecticismisthepracticeofmixingelementsdissimilarinstyleinsingleworkofart.正確答案：single→asingle

10.

OneofPhillipWheatley'searliestverses,composedinherteens,celebrateslearning,redemption,andvirtue,threeprincipalthemesofherworksubsequent.正確答案：subsequent→subsequently

11.

TheAmericanwriterAlexHaleytraveledmorethanahalfmillionmiletoauthenticatehisnovelRoots.正確答案：mile→miles

12.

Sparrows,smallbirdsofthefinchfamily,havestoutbeakadaptedseedeatingandareusefultofarmersindestroyingweedseeds.正確答案：adapted→toadapt

13.

Afterchildrenareabletospeakorunderstandalanguage,theycommunicatethroughfacialexpressionsandbymakingnoises.正確答案：After→Before

14.

Onlyinthepast20yearsscientistshavebeguntorealizethatozonelayersoftheatmospherearebeingseriouslydamaged.正確答案：scientistshavebegun→havescientistsbegun此句為only置于句首的倒裝句。

15.

Historically,noartistshavepresentedclearerorthemorecompleterecordsofthedevelopmentofhumanculturethansculptorshave.正確答案：themore→more

Ⅱ．ClozeTestDadBaboonsHelpTheirDaughtersMature狒狒爸爸幫助女兒成長

Havingdaddyaroundwhentheyaregrowingupisgoodforlittle

1

-eveniftheyarelittlebaboongirls.Whilethat'swellknown

2

people,it'sabitofasurprisefornon-humanprimates.

Butareport

3

Monday'sonlineeditionofProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences

4

thatfemalebaboonsinKenyaraisedingroupswiththeirfathersmatured

5

andhadalongerreproductivelifethanotherbaboons.

Maleshadnot

6

thoughttobeengagedinalevelofcarethatwouldmake

7

differencetotheiroffspring,saidSusanAlberts,anassociateprofessorofbiology

8

DukeUniversity.

Albertsandcolleaguesstudiedgroupsofyellowbaboons

9

nearKenya'sMt.Kilimanjaro.Inthesegroupsbothmalesandfemaleshaveseveralpartners.

10

presenceofthefatherinagroupgavethedaughtersajump-start

11

sexualmaturity,ameasureoffitness,theresearcherssaid.

"Foryoungfemales,

12

theirmajoropponentsinlifeareadultfemalesandfellowjuveniles,the

13

ofanyadultmalemaybehelpful,"Albertssaidinastatement.

14

donotsharefoodaftertheirmothersceasenursing,butthefather's

15

duringearlymaturitymaystillhelpdaughtersgetmoretoeatif

16

fatherreducesanyharassmentoftheiroffspring.

"Sonsalsoexperiencedacceleratedmaturation

17

theirfatherwaspresentduringtheirimmatureperiod,butonlyiftheir

18

washigh-rankingatthetimeoftheirbirth,"theresearchersfound.

For

19

,themajorcompetitionforfoodisothermales,soonlythepresence

20

ahigh-rankingfatherwouldhelp,theresearcherssaid.

TheresearchwasfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundationandaMarieCurieOutgoingFellowship.1.

正確答案：girls

2.

正確答案：for

3.

正確答案：in

4.

正確答案：found

5.

正確答案：earlier

6.

正確答案：been

7.

正確答案：any

8.

正確答案：at

9.

正確答案：living

10.

正確答案：The

11.

正確答案：on

12.

正確答案：because

13.

正確答案：presence

14.

正確答案：Baboons

15.

正確答案：presence

16.

正確答案：the

17.

正確答案：if

18.

正確答案：father

19.

正確答案：sons

20.

正確答案：of

EyestotheSkiesGettingBigger觀望太空的眼睛越睜越大

Atelescopearmsraceistakingshapearoundtheworld.Astronomersaredrawingupplansforthebiggest,mostpowerfulinstrumentseverconstructed,capableofpeeringfardeeperintotheuniverse—andfurtherbackintime—thaneverbefore.

Thebuildingboom,whichisexpectedtoplayoutoverthe

21

decadeandcostbillionsofdollars,isbeingdrivenbytechnological

22

thataffordunprecedentedclarityandmagnification.Somescientistssayitwill

23

muchlikeswitchingfromregularTVtohigh-definition.

In

24

,thesuper-sizedtelescopeswillyieldevenfinerpicturesthantheHubbleSpaceTelescope,

25

wasputinorbitin1990andwaslongconsideredsuperior

26

itsviewwasfreedfromthedistortingeffectsofEarth'satmosphere.

27

now,land-basedtelescopescancorrectforsuchdistortion.

Justthenames

28

manyoftheproposedobservatoriessuggestanarms

29

:theGiantMagellanTelescope,theThirtyMeterTelescopeandtheEuropeanExtremelyLargeTelescope,

30

wasdownsizedfromtheOverWhelminglyLargeTelescope.Addtothosethree

31

groundobservatoriesanewsupereyeinthesky,NASA'sJamesWebb

32

Telescope,scheduledforlaunchin2013.

Withtheseproposedgiant

33

,astronomershopetogetthefirstpicturesofplanetsoutsideour

34

system,watchstarsandplanetsbeingborn,andcatchaglimpse

35

whatwashappeningnearthebirthoftheuniverse.

"Weknow

36

nothingabouttheuniverseinitsearlystages,"saidCarnegieObservatories

37

WendyFreedman,whochairstheboardthatisbuildingtheGiantMagellan

38

."TheGMTisgoingtoseeinactionthefirst

39

,thefirstgalaxies,thefirstsupernovae,thefirstblackholesto

40

."

Whenscientistslookatafarawaycelestialobject,theyareseeingitasitexistedmillionsandmillionsofyearsago,becauseittakessolongforlightfromtheobjecttoreachEarth.21.

正確答案：next

22.

正確答案：advances

23.

正確答案：be

24.

正確答案：fact

25.

正確答案：which

26.

正確答案：because

27.

正確答案：But

28.

正確答案：of

29.

正確答案：race

30.

正確答案：which

31.

正確答案：big

32.

正確答案：Space

33.

正確答案：telescopes

34.

正確答案：solar

35.

正確答案：of

36.

正確答案：almost

37.

正確答案：director

38.

正確答案：Telescope

39.

正確答案：stars

40.

正確答案：form

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension

TheBrainandtheComputer

大腦與計(jì)算機(jī)

Consideringthatthebraincanbecomparedtotheelectroniccomputer,itmaybeusefultoaskifonecomputer,thebrain,hasanyadvantagesovertheother,theelectroniccomputer.

First,comparetheamountofenergyneededtooperatethebrainandthatneededtorunacomputer.Ithasbeencalculatedthattheentirebrainrunsonverylittleenergyascomparedwithamachine.Amachinewithasgreatacapacityasthebrain—assumingonecouldbebuilt—wouldneedatleastonemilliontimesasmuchelectricalpowertocontinueoperating.

Butthecomputerisafasterworkerthanthebrain.Theadvancedcalculatorsarethousandsuponthousandsoftimesfasterthanthebrain,andmodelsyettobebuiltwillprobablybeyetspeedier.

Memoryisofgreatimportancein"Computer-type"operations.Thenumberofbitsofinformationthatcanbestoreddeterminestheabilityofthesystemtodocomplexoperations.Themorebitsstored,themorecomplexthecalculationsthatcanbemade.In1962,advancedelectroniccomputerscouldstoreabout40,000bitsofinformation.Here,thebrainshowsitsdistinctadvantages:althoughthenumberofbitsstorediscertainlynotknown,ithasbeenestimatedatmanymillionsofbits.

Onespecialisthassaidthattobuildamachinetoimitatethecapacityofthehumanbrain,itwouldbenecessarytomakeitthesizeofaverytallbuilding."Thebrainislikeacomputingmachine,butthereisnocomputingmachinelikethebrain."

Humans,however,maynotcontinuetohavethissuperiorityinthefuture.Recentdevelopmentsinelectronicequipment,forexample,Sceptron,haverapidlychangedourideas.EachSceptronisextremelysmall,whichmaymeanthatiswillsoonbepossibletomakeacalculatorascomplexasthehumanbrain—withthesamebitstoragecapacity—andbeabletofititneatlyinadesk.

Thereisonegreatandveryimportantdistinctionbetweenhumansandmachines.Whileelectronicdevicesmaythink,"hunger"forelectricity,andinotherwaysimitateanimalandhumanbehavior,menhavedesires,hungers,thirsts,andacomplexexistenceofwhichthebrainisamajor,butnottheentire,aspect.Humanhopesandfearsarenotlikethoseoftheelectronicmechanisms,norwilltheybesolongaswecontinuetoconstructthinkingmachineswhosefunctionisonlytothinkastheyareprogrammed.

Theusethatmanmakesofautomation,decision-makingmachines,andtheotherresultsofcyberneticsisdependentonmanhimself.AsNorbertWienerstatesinhisbookTheHumanUseofHumanBeingsmankindisfacedwithtwopossibledestructivedirectionsinwhichcyberneticscoulddevelop,influencingallofsociety.Oneisthatmachinesthatdonotlearnwillobeyallinstructionsandnevervaryintheirapproachtoproblems.Theotheristhatmanmayfindhimselfinthepositionofsomeonewhohasreleasedanangryforce.Machinesthatcanlearnandmakedecisionsonthebasisoftheirlearningarenotobligatedtodecideinwaysthatpleaseorimprovehumanity.Mencannotgivemachinesresponsibilityformankind;finalchoicesmustalwaysbemadeby,andinfavorof,men.1.

Theenergyneededtooperatethehumanbrainis______thatneededtorunacomputer.A.muchmorethanB.asmuchasC.farlessthanD.nomorethan正確答案：C

2.

Thecomputer'sabilitytomakecomplexcalculationsdependslargelyonits______.A.sizeB.speedC.memoryD.operator正確答案：C

3.

Asfarascurrentcomputersareconcerned,they______.A.approachthecapacityofthehumanbrainB.havethesamehopesandfearsashumansC.canlearnandmakedecisionsjustlikehumansD.storemuchlessinformationthanthehumanbrain正確答案：D

4.

Accordingtothepassage,oneimportantdifferencebetweenhumansandmachinesisthat______.A.humanshavemorecomplexfeelingsB.humanscanthinkwhilemachinescan'tC.machineshavealongerlifethanhumansD.machinescanimitatehumanbehavioronly正確答案：A

5.

Cyberneticscouldhaveanegativeeffectonsocietywhenmachines______.A.trytopleasesomepeopleB.changetheirapproachtoproblemsC.don'tknowhowtoobeyhumaninstructionsD.makedecisionsunfavorabletohumans正確答案：D

SurgeonsoftheFutureWillbeRobotsInjectedintoYourBody

未來的外科醫(yī)生是注射到人體內(nèi)的機(jī)器人

Tinycrewmembersinsideamicroscopicsubmarineareinjectedintoyourbloodstreamforanincrediblemissionthatwilltakethemdeepinsideyourbodytoperformdelicatesurgery!

Itsoundslikethesciencefictionplotforthe1966movie"FantasticVoyage",butthisamazingscenarioisclosetobecomingsciencefact—Japaneseresearchersaredesigning"microrobots"thatwillbattleillnessesfrominsidehumanorgans.

"Themicrorobotsarealmostlikeshrunkenmen,zippingaroundthroughtheveinstodestroycancerorrepairdamagedtissue,"explainedKenzolnagaki,adeputydirectorofJapan'sMinistryofInternationalTradeandIndustry—whichisputtingupastaggering$170millionfortheproject.

Theground-breakingundertakingwillbegininApril.Itwillgivedoctorstheabilitytofightdiseasesinareasofthehumanbodythatwerepreviouslyunreachableexceptbysurgery,saysHiroyukiFujita,aspokesmanforthefantasticprojectthatwillinvolvesixuniversitiesandgiantcompanieslikeToyota,Hitachi,NikonandToshiba.

Researchersestimateitwilltake10yearstocarryouttheplan,buttheysaythatwhenit'scompleteditwilldramaticallychangemedicineasweknowit!Onerobottheyareplanningisa"smallpill"—asubmarine-shapedcapsuleyouswallowthatcanbeguidedtoadiseasedareainsideyourbody.

"Itwillbeabouttwo-fifthsofaninchindiameter,andencloseatinyrobot,"saidFujita.

"Infact,thesubmarine'wouldbeanincrediblytinylababletoanalyzeconditionswithinthebody."

Onceitentersthestomach,therobotcouldbesteeredeitherbyanexternalremotecontrolorbyabuilt-inguidancesystem.

Whenitreachedadiseasedarea,therobotwouldbeabletodiagnoseaconditioncloseupandtreatitwithjusttherightamountofmedication.

"Onceithasserveditspurpose,thepillwillharmlesslyexitthebodythroughthewastesystem,"hesaid.

Asecondroboticdeviceisa"micro-intelligentcatheter"aboutone-fifthofaninchindiameter.

Thecatheter,atubewithyacameraandalaserontheend,couldbethreadedintothegallbladderandpancreas.

"Itstinysizewilleliminatemuchofthepainanddiscomfortexperiencedbytoday'spatientswhenmuchlargercathetersareused,"hesaid."Theprobewillsenddoctorsanaccuratepictureofwhatishappeninginsidewithoutsurgery."

Anditslasertipwillenablephysicianstooperateinternally."Doctorswillbeabletouseittocutawaycancerousgrowth,destroybloodclotsortorepairbreaksinthetissue,"saidFujita.

Ironically,thesetread-settingmedicaldevelopmentsplannedbytheJapanesecomefromresearchstartedyearsageintheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyintheUS—buttheseeffortsfalteredbecauseofalackoffunding.6.

"Tinycrewmembers"inthefirstparagraphrefersto______.A.sailorsB.workersC.tinyrobotsD.mechanics正確答案：C

7.

Researcherspredictthatbirthofmicrorobots______.A.willmakeallfataldiseasescurableB.willmakemanysurgeonsunemployedC.willbringaboutagreatrevolutioninmedicineD.willmakeinternalandexternalmedicinesunnecessary正確答案：C

8.

WelearnfromthisselectionthatinJapan,theproject______.A.isunderwayB.hasgainedfinancialsupportC.hasbeenclaimedtobeunreachableD.hasbeenabandonedbyuniversitiesandcompanies正確答案：B

9.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Therobotcouldenterone'sbodytocurethediseasesfrominside.B.Capsulesofmedicineswillgointothebodytogetherwithotherdevices.C.Oncetherobotisinsidethebody,itcan'tbedirectedbyanexternalremotecontrol.D.Whenithasfulfilleditsmission,thepillwilldissolveinblood.正確答案：A

10.

IntheUSthisresearchworkwasinashakystatemainlybecauseA.itlackspublicsupportB.itsuffersonesetbackafteranotherC.itfailsinitscompetitionwithJapanD.itisshortofmoney正確答案：D

BreakthroughMine-detectionTurnsOceanFloor"Transparent"

突破性的探雷技術(shù)使得海床“一覽無余”

Since1776,whennavalmineswereinvented,navieshaverightfullyfearedthestealthyandrelativelysimpleweapons,whichcandisableordestroywarshipsandparalyzevitalshipping.Naviesworldwideemployahostofmine-detectiontechnologiesandtechniques,mostofthemcomplicated,expensive,andfarfromperfect.Soasimpler,moreeffectivemethodfordetectingthesemines,developedbyaphysicistatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,couldmakebigwavesinnavalheadquartersaroundtheglobe.

Unlikecurrentmine-detectiontechniques,thepatentedmethodologyfindsobjectsbuffedintheoceanfloorwithouttheuseofcomplex,unreliablemodelingandwithouttheusualarraysofsonartransmittersandreceivers.Instead,themethodrecordsthereturnechoofasonartransceiver's"ping",thentime-reversesandtransmitsthatsignal.Thefollowingechoclearlyshowsbuffedobjects,andsuppressestheresponsefromtheseaflooritself,makingtheunderwaterterrain"transparent."

Dr.DavidM.Pierson,thenadoctoralstudentinphysicsatNCState,demonstratedthenewapproachinresearchheconductedwithDr.DavidE.Aspnes,DistinguishedUniversityProfessorofPhysics,inlate2003.TheprojectwassupportedbyagrantfromtheOfficeofNavalResearch.PiersonhassincejoinedtheAppliedPhysicsLaboratoryofJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,wherehisworkissupportedinpartbytheUSNavy.

"Themethodhasnotbeenexploredasasolutiontothisproblemuntilnow,"saidPierson."Usingtimereversalonthereturnechoesbackscatteredbybuffedminesgaveusresultsweconsideredamazing."

AccordingtoAspnes,theyoungphysicist'sresearchisabreakthrough."Timereversalisatechniquethathasbeenusedbeforeinvariouscontexts,includingopticsandacoustics,butbeforePierson'sworktheadvantagesoftimereversalforisolatingtargetsinbackscatteredsignalswereneverbeforerecognized."

Usingtimereversaltofindbuffedminesrequiresonlyonetransceiver,saidPierson,althoughmorecanbeused,andthemethodisn'tlimitedbythecompositionoftheoceanfloor."Previousmethodshadtoincorporatealotofcomplexmodelingoftheseafloorandtheoceanenvironment,"Piersonsaid,"andrequiredsophisticatedsoftwareandhardwaresystems.Mytime-reversaltechniquenotonlysimplifiestheneededequipment,butalsocanbeimplementedusingexistingsonarequipment,withminorsoftwarechanges.Moreelaborateanalysesofechoesarealsomadepossible."

WhatPiersonhasdone,saidAspnes,istodemonstrateanewapproachthatusessonarbutissimplerandworksbetterthananypreviousmethod."InPierson'sapproach,"hesaid,"aping'isfirsttransmittedfromasonartransceiver.Thereturnechoisthenrecorded,time-reversed,andtransmitted.Hediscoveredthatinthenextechotheresponsefromtheseafloorwassuppressed,buttheechofromburiedobjectswasenhanced.Thisenhancementisseenevenifthesignalfromtheburiedobjectistoosmalltobedetectedinthefirstreturn."

TheNCStatediscoveryshouldpleasenavalmine-detectionexperts,whonowuseeverythingfromdolphinstodiverstosophisticatedsoftwaremodelingandelaboratesonararraysintheirgrimwork.Anditshouldsendthosewhodesignsuchminesbacktotheirequallygrimdrawingboards.11.

BeforetheNCStatediscoveryofanewmethodfordetectingnavalmines,______.A.navalminesdidnotreceiveadequateattentionfromwarshipsB.therewasnoneedtoworryaboutnavalminesC.itwasreasonablefornaviestobeafraidofminesD.itwasreasonablefornaviestomakebigwavestodealwithnavalmines正確答案：C

12.

Theword"patented"inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostcloselymeans______.A.powerfulB.newanduniqueC.potentialD.careful正確答案：B

13.

Pierson'sprojecthasbeenfinancedby______.A.theofficeofNavalResearchB.theUSnavyC.bothAandBD.aphysicistatNCStateUniversity正確答案：C

14.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthecurrentmine-detectingtechniquesandthenewapproach?A.Thecurrentlyusedtechniquesrequiremoreequipments,anddiversordolphinsareofteninvolvedinfindingnavalmines.B.Thecurrentlyusedtechniquesareunabletofindminesifthesonarreceivestoofaintecho.C.Thenewapproachrequiresonlyonesonartransmitterandonereceiverindetectingnavalmines.D.Thenewapproachusestime-reversetechniquesothatitcanclearlyfindthesituationoftheoceanfloor.正確答案：D

15.

Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply?A.Thoseminedesignersaredefeatedandtheyhavetofacethedifficulttaskofdesigningnewmines.B.Thoseminedesignershadbettertakeuppaintingtheyaregoodat.C.Itismoredifficultforthoseminedesignerstoworkwithdrawingboardsthantodesignmines.D.Thoseminedesignersshouldhavemorepracticewithdrawingboardsbeforetheycansuccessfullydesignnewmines.正確答案：A

NewFindingsonMemoryCouldEnhanceLearning

關(guān)于記憶的新發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于學(xué)習(xí)

Newresearchinmonkeysmayprovideaclueabouthowthebrainmanagesvastamountsofinformationandrememberswhatitneeds.ResearchersatWakeForestUniversityBaptistMedicalCenterhaveidentifiedbraincellsthatstreamlineandsimplifysensoryinformation,markedlyreducingthebrain'sworkload.

"Whenyouneedtorememberpeopleyou'vejustmetatameeting,thebrainprobablydoesn'tmemorizeeachperson'sfacialfeaturestohelpyouidentifythemlater,"saysSamDeadwyler,Ph.D.,aWakeForestneuroscientistandstudyinvestigator."Instead,itrecordsvitalinformation,suchastheirhairstyle,height,orage,allclassificationsthatwearefamiliarwithfrommeetingpeopleingeneral.Ourresearchsuggestshowthebrainmightdothis,whichcouldleadtowaystoimprovememoryinhumans."

Theresearchersfoundthatwhenmonkeysweretaughttoremembercomputerclipartpictures,theirbrainsreducedthelevelofdetailbysortingthepicturesintocategoriesforrecall,suchasimagesthatcontained"people,""buildings,""flowers,"and"animals."Thecategorizingcellswerefoundinthehippocampus,anareaofthebrainthatprocessessensoryinformationintomemory.Itisessentialforrememberingallthingsincludingfacts,places,orpeople,andisseverelyaffectedinAlzheimer'sdisease.

"Oneoftheintriguingquestionsishowinformationisprocessedbythehippocampustoretainandretrievememories,"saidRobertHampson,Ph.D.,co-investigator."Theidentificationofthesecellsinmonkeysprovides