翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題3

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題3EnglishChineseTranslationManyschoolsarguethatthe"sticker"pricesshowintheU.S.（江南博哥）Newsindexaremisleading.Sincemoststudents,notjustthosewhomightbedescribedastruly"needy",usuallyareeligibleforsomeformoffinancialaid.

1

Infact,tuitiondiscountinghasbecomesowidespreadthatonmanycampuseswhatbeganasasubsidyfortheminorityhasturnedintoanentitlementforthemajority.Someschoolsactuallyencouragestudentstobargainforlargeraidpackagesbyimplicitly—orexplicitly-promising"tomeetthecompetition".

2

Naturally,thesomething-for-nothinggenerosityofthisstrangesystemcomesataprice,asincreasesinfinancialaidusuallyhavetobefundedbyraisingalreadyhightuitionhigherstill.

3

Unhappily,collegeloanshavebecomeasmuchapartofstudentlifeasFridaynightbeerbusts.Between1990and1995,the$103billioncombinedwiththetotalofundergraduateloansexceededthesumofallthedebtincurredbyallthecollegestudentsduringtheprecedingthreedecades.

4

StatisticslikethesetroubleCharlesManning,chancelloroftheWestVirginiaUniversitySystem,whoworriesthathighlevelsofdebtcould"windupnegativelyinfluencingstudents'lifestyles,theirchoicesofcareers,theirwillingnesstogotograduateandprofessionalschoolsandtheirabilitytobuyhomes,carsandotherconsumerproducts."

Ofevengreaterconcernisthatmanyofthesedebtorsmayalsowindup,atleasttemporarily,injobsthatdonotofferwhathavecometobethoughtofascollege-levelsalaries.Thedisturbingtruthisthattherearesimplytoomanycollegegraduatescompetingfortoofewcollege-leveljobs.Inherlateststudy,KristinaJ.Shelley,aBureauofLaborStatisticsspecialistinthepost-college-employmentmarket,estimatesthatatleast22percentofallcollegegraduatesenteringtheworkforcebetween1994and2005wereorwillbeeitherunemployedorinjobsforwhichabachelor'sdegreeisnotordinarilyconsideredanecessity.

5

Workingwithsomebigcompaniesisanhonorablefirstjob,butthesalariestheyofferrarelyenablegraduatesbothtorepayastudentloanandtoenjoyalifestyleappropriatewiththeirexpectations.1.

正確答案：事實(shí)上，削減學(xué)費(fèi)變得如此之流行，以至于在許多大學(xué)里，那些最初屬于少數(shù)人的補(bǔ)貼已經(jīng)成為多數(shù)人的權(quán)利了。

2.

正確答案：很自然，這種奇怪的制度要為它只是給予而不求回報(bào)的慷慨行為付出代價(jià)，因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)資助的增加通常不得不靠大幅度地提高本已高昂的學(xué)費(fèi)來(lái)提供資金。

3.

正確答案：不幸的是，大學(xué)貸款已經(jīng)像星期五晚上痛飲啤酒一樣成為學(xué)生生活的一部分。

4.

正確答案：諸如此類的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料使西弗吉尼亞大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)查爾斯·曼寧感到憂慮。他擔(dān)心，沉重的債務(wù)“最終可能對(duì)學(xué)生的許多方面產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，如：他們的生活方式，對(duì)職業(yè)的選擇，上研究生院和職業(yè)學(xué)校的意愿以及購(gòu)買房屋、汽車和其他消費(fèi)品的能力”。

5.

正確答案：在一些大公司工作是體面的第一份工作，但它們所支付的工資不可能使大學(xué)畢業(yè)生們既能償還學(xué)生貸款又能享受一種與其期望值相稱的生活方式。

Wearelearningnewcomputerknowledgeeveryday.Thetechnology,whichhasalreadytransformednewspapering,doesn'tsitstill.Wejournalistshaveceasedallthatgrievingabouthowweweregoingtohangontoourtypewritersandhowthisnewstaffwassimplybarbaric,anaffronttotheveryconceptofthewrittenword.

6

That'sgone,aseverythingweknowabouthumanhistoryshouldhavetoldusthatinallthecurrentworriesoverproblemscreatedbythearrivalofthecomputerage,onethingthatshouldbeexemptedfromworryisthecapacityofhumanbeingstoadapttoit.

Ourgrandparents,forinstance,easilytraversedlifetimesthatsawatleastasmuchastonishingchangeaswehave—fromhorse—drawncarriagestojetairtravel,frompre-telephonecommunicationbywrittenlettertocommunicationbycarphone,orfax.

7

Justaspeoplearoundtheworldhaveinrecenttimesshownthemselvesremarkablyabletoaccommodatethiskindofrapidchange,soitdidn'teverseemtotroublethem.Theyabsorbedthedevelopingbountywithoutapeepandquicklycametodependonit,eventhoughitcollapsedalltheiraccustomednotionsoftimeanddistance.

8

Thehumanmachine,inthisinfiniteabilitytoadjusttoradicallychangedenvironments,seemsconsiderablymorewondrousthantheinventedmachine.

Butitisnottheindividualhumanabilitytoadaptthatistheprobleminthenewage.Rather,theproblemistheabilityofourinstitutionsandeconomicsandsocietiestodoso.

9

Nomatterhowupbeatoneisaboutalltheblessingsthatflowtothiscountryfromthenewtechnologyintermsofteaching,medicine,marketing,lawenforcementandtherest,itisnecessarytoacknowledgethattheblessingismixed.Youcanacceptthatinthelongrunjobswillbecreated,notlost,asaresultoftheinnovation.

Butintheshortrunthereisboundtobeeconomicdisplacementandloss.

10

Youcanalsobelievethatourlegalsystemscanintimewithstandthechallengeallthispresentsandstillacknowledgethatatleastforthemomentiudicialproblemshavebeencreatedbyitintherealmsofprivacy,competition,propertyfightsandmanyothers.Thequestionisnotwhetherweadjusttotheelectronicmiraclesallaroundus,butwhether,asasociety,wedoitenthusiasticallyandwell.6.

正確答案：悲傷已經(jīng)成為過(guò)去，因?yàn)槲覀兯私獾娜祟悮v史都表明，在目前人們對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代的到來(lái)所引起的問(wèn)題的憂慮中，有一個(gè)問(wèn)題不應(yīng)引起憂慮，那就是人類的適應(yīng)能力。

7.

正確答案：近年來(lái)，面對(duì)這種日新月異的變化，世界各地的人們表現(xiàn)出非凡的適應(yīng)能力，變化好像從來(lái)沒(méi)有使他們感到過(guò)不適應(yīng)。

8.

正確答案：人類自身的這部機(jī)器，對(duì)劇烈變化的環(huán)境具有無(wú)限的適應(yīng)能力，在這個(gè)方面，它比發(fā)明出來(lái)的機(jī)器要奇妙得多。

9.

正確答案：不管人們對(duì)新技術(shù)在教學(xué)、醫(yī)療、商品銷售、執(zhí)法及其他方面為國(guó)家?guī)?lái)的好處多么樂(lè)觀，必須承認(rèn)，新技術(shù)令人喜憂參半。

10.

正確答案：你也可以相信，我們的法律制度最終會(huì)經(jīng)受一切挑戰(zhàn)，但同時(shí)仍要承認(rèn)，至少目前新技術(shù)在隱私權(quán)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、產(chǎn)權(quán)及許多其他領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)帶來(lái)了司法問(wèn)題。

Manmaybecalledtheanimalwithlanguage.Onlybylanguagecanmancreateandcarrywithhimthebodyofconcepts,attitudesandskillsthatconstitutecivilization.

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Onlybylanguagecanhehaveaclearnotionofhimselfasanindividual:"Ithink,thereforeIam"andforgethebondsofasociety—asocietyasdistinguishedfromsomesortofinstinctualherd.

Ordinarilyandsuperficially,weregardlanguageasmerelyaconvenientdeviceforcommunicatingpreexistingideasorattitudes.Itisindeedhardtooverestimatethevalueoflanguageincommunicationbutitisevenhardertooverestimateitinthinking.

12

Howoftenhavewefeltthatweknewourownmindsonsomething,orknewallaboutsomething,onlytofind,whenwestartedtoputwhatweknewintowords,thatwedidn'tknowourownmindsatall.Whenweframeeventhesimplestsentence,weareforcedtoestablishasetofmeaningfulrelations.Thatis,weareforcedtothinkmoreclearly.Writingthingsoutisonlyamorerigorouswayoftryingtounderstandasubjectandunderstandoneselfinrelationtothatsubject.

Wenotonlythinkthingsout,wefeelthingsout,too.Andlanguageisfundamentaltothis"feelingout".

13

Ahumanbeingisn'tmerelyamachineforlogicalthought.Aconsiderablepartofouruseoflanguageinvolvesourinstinctiveattempttoclarifyourfeelings.Ithelpsustounderstandfeelingsaswellasideas,andthusintheend,helpsustounderstandourselves.

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Ifyouarebeginningyourcollegecareer,muchofyourinstructionwillbeinlanguage.Andwillberequiredtorespondinlanguage.Aftercollege,inmostoccupations,languagewillbecomemore,notless,important.Therearelettersandreportstobewritten,conferencestobeheld,policiestobedrawnupanddebatedandmanyotherformsofcommunicationthatrequireskillinlanguage.

15

Ifamanlackscompetenceinlanguage,hewillspendmuchofhislifeexploringinakindoftwilightworldinwhichideasandfeelingsareperceivedonlydimlyandoftenindistortedshapes.11.

正確答案：只有借助語(yǔ)言，人類才能夠?qū)τ谧鳛閭€(gè)體的自身有清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)：“我思故我在”，也才能夠形成一個(gè)社會(huì)——一個(gè)不同于靠本能生存的獸群的社會(huì)。

12.

正確答案：我們常常有這種感覺(jué)，本以為知道自己對(duì)某件事情的想法，或完全了解某件事情，但是，當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始要把所了解的內(nèi)容用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái)時(shí)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我們根本不清楚自己的想法。

13.

正確答案：人不僅僅是邏輯思維的機(jī)器。我們運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言很大程度上在于我們本能地想要把我們的感情表達(dá)清楚。

14.

正確答案：如果你即將開(kāi)始大學(xué)生活，大部分課程都將通過(guò)語(yǔ)言來(lái)講授，而且要求你運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言作出反應(yīng)。大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后，在大多數(shù)工作中，語(yǔ)言將會(huì)更重要，而不是不重要。

15.

正確答案：一個(gè)人如果缺乏語(yǔ)言能力，那么，他一生的大部分時(shí)間將在思想和感情表達(dá)模糊、而且經(jīng)常被曲解的朦朧世界中摸索。

Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofmisunderstandingsbetweenthem.

16

Theyhavealwayscomplainedthattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrisis.

17

Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsofadeintheirmemoryhowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.

Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.

18

Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenacceptedsotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatestheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.

Sometimestheyareresistantandproudbecausetheydonotwanttheirparentstoapproveofwhattheydo.Iftheirparentsdidapprove,itlooksasiftheyarebetrayingtheirownagegroup.Butinthatcase,theyareassumingthattheyaretheunderdog:youcan'twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.

19

Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhood,whentheywerecompletelyundertheirparents'domination.Butitignoresthefactthattheyarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforthemselves.

Myadvicetoyoungpeopleisasfollows:ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,cooperationcanbepanofthatplan.

20

Youcancharmothers,especiallyyourparents,intodoingthingsthewayyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiative,sothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo.16.

正確答案：年輕人總是抱怨，他們的父母與現(xiàn)代生活方式脫節(jié)，有占有欲和支配欲，不相信子女應(yīng)付危機(jī)的能力。

17.

正確答案：普遍認(rèn)為，做父母的常常低估他們處于青少年時(shí)期的孩子，而且還忘記了自己年輕時(shí)的感受。

18.

正確答案：他們覺(jué)得被成年人世界排除在外，尚未被大人們所接受，于是就創(chuàng)造了屬于他們自己的文化和社會(huì)。

19.

正確答案：在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間完全受父母控制的童年時(shí)代結(jié)束之后，產(chǎn)生這種態(tài)度非常自然。但是，這種態(tài)度忽略了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：此時(shí)他們要開(kāi)始對(duì)自己負(fù)起責(zé)任。

20.

正確答案：你可以讓他人，尤其是你的父母，高高興興地按你希望的方式行事。你可以用你的責(zé)任感和進(jìn)取心打動(dòng)他人，那樣他們才會(huì)準(zhǔn)許你做你想做的事。

Thereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology.Scienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethodofsolvingpracticalproblems.

21

Sciencehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsandrelationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsandrelationships.Technolggyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresforimplementingthefindingsofscience.

Anotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogressineach.Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.

22

Scientists,whoseektocomprehendtheuniverseandknowthetruthwiththehighestdegreeofaccuracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownorotherpeople'slikesordislikes,ortopopularideasaboutthefitnessofthings.Whatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople—asdidDarwin'stheoryofe