翻譯二級(jí)筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題20

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題20ReadingComprehension

ThefactthatmostAmericansliveinurbanareasdoesnotmean（江南博哥）thattheyresideinthecenteroflargecities.Infact,moreAmericansliveinthesuburbsoflargemetropolitanareasthaninthecitiesthemselves.

TheBureauoftheCensusregardsanyareawithmorethan2,500peopleasanurbanarea,anddoesnotconsiderboundariesofcitiesandsuburbs.

AccordingtotheBureau,thepoliticalboundariesarelesssignificantthanthesocialandeconomicrelationshipsandthetransportationandcommunicationsystemsthatintegratealocale.ThetermusedbytheBureauforanintegratedmetropolisisanMSA,whichstandsforMetropolitanStatisticalArea.Ingeneral,anMSAisanyareathatcontainsacityanditssurroundingsuburbsandhasatotalpopulationof50,000ormore.

Atthepresenttime,theBureaureportsmorethan280MSAs,whichtogetheraccountfor75percentoftheUSpopulation.Inaddition,theBureaurecognizes18megapolises,thatis,continuousadjacentmetropolitanareas.Oneofthemostobviousmegapolisesincludesachainofhundredsofcitiesandsuburbsacross10statesontheEastCoastfromMassachusettstoVirginia,includingBoston,NewYork,andWashington,D.C.IntheEasternCorridor,asitiscalled,apopulationof45millioninhabitantsisconcentrated.AnothermegapolisthatisgrowingrapidlyistheCaliforniacoastfromSanFranciscothroughLosAngelestoSanDiego.1.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MetropolitanStatisticalAreasB.TypesofPopulationCentersC.TheBureauoftheCensusD.Megapolises正確答案：B[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，A和D都是文章敘述的一部分，C是進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)的機(jī)構(gòu)，因而應(yīng)選B。

2.

Accordingtothepassage,wheredomostAmericanslive?A.Inthecenterofcities.B.Inthesuburbssurroundinglargecities.C.Inruralareas.D.Insmalltowns.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“...moreAmericansliveinthesuburbsoflargemetropolitanareasthaninthecitiesthemselves.”可知，更多的美國(guó)人生活在大都市的郊區(qū)，metropolitan意為“大城市的”。所以，答案是B。

3.

Theunderlinedword"reside"inParagraphIisclosestinmeaningto______.A.fillB.decideC.occupyD.live正確答案：D[解析]本題考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“ThefactthatmostAmericansliveinurbanareasdoesnotmeanthattheyresideinthecenteroflargecities.”可知，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人生活在城區(qū)并不意味著他們都居住在市中心。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，reside應(yīng)和live是同義詞。Reside“居住”；fill“填滿”；decide“決定”；occupy“占據(jù)”；live“生活”。所以，答案是D。

4.

AccordingtotheBureauoftheCensus,whatisanurbanarea?A.Achainofadjacentcities.B.Anareawithatleast50,000people.C.The18largestcities.D.Anareawith2,500peopleormore.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheBureauoftheCensusregardsanyareawithmorethan2,500peopleasanurbanarea,anddoesnotconsiderboundariesofcitiesandsuburbs.”可知，答案是D。

5.

WhichofthefollowingareNOTconsideredimportantindefininganurbanarea?A.Politicalboundaries.B.Transportationnetworks.C.Socialrelationships.D.Economicsystems.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第一句話“AccordingtotheBureau,thepoliticalboundariesarelesssignificantthanthesocialandeconomicrelationshipsandthetransportationandcommunicationsystemsthatintegratealocale.”可知，統(tǒng)計(jì)局認(rèn)為，與社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系和交通通信系統(tǒng)相比，政治界限不太重要。據(jù)此可知，答案是A。

6.

Theunderlinedword"integrate"inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.benefitB.defineC.uniteD.restrict正確答案：C[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系和交通通信系統(tǒng)可以將一個(gè)場(chǎng)所聯(lián)系起來(lái)。Integrate“使成整體，使一體化”；benefit“受益于”；define“下定義”；unite聯(lián)合，團(tuán)結(jié)；restrict“限制，約束”。所以，答案是C。

7.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.AnintegratedmetropolisisanMSA.B.MSAstandsforMetropolitanStatisticalArea.C.Ametropolisincludesatleastametropolitan.D.AnMSAreferstocityanditssuburbs,withover50,000people.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句“ThetermusedbytheBureauforanintegratedmetropolisisanMSA,whichstandsforMetropolitanStatisticalArea.Ingeneral,anMSAisanyareathatcontainsacityanditssurroundingsuburbsandhasatotalpopulationof50,000ormore.”可知，A、B、D三項(xiàng)在文中一一提到，均正確。只有C項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有相關(guān)支持信息，故不正確。所以，答案是C。

8.

Theunderlinedword"adjacent"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.besideeachotherB.growingveryfastC.thesamesizeD.denselypopulated正確答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句可知，megapolises是連續(xù)的毗鄰的都市地區(qū)。Adjacent“鄰近的，接近的”；besideeachother“靠邊”；growingveryfast“發(fā)展迅速”；thesamesize“一樣大”；denselypopulated“人口密集”。據(jù)此可知，答案是A。

9.

Accordingtothepassage,whatisamegapolis?A.Oneofthe10largestcitiesintheUnitedStates.B.Oneofthe18largestcitiesintheUnitedStates.C.Oneofthe100citiesbetweenBostonandWashington.D.Anynumberofcontinuousadjacentcitiesandsuburbs.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句“Inaddition,theBureaurecognizes18megapolises,thatis,continuousadjacentmetropolitanareas.”可知，答案是D。

10.

WhydoestheauthormentiontheEasternCorridorandtheCaliforniacoastinParagraph4?A.Asexamplesofmegapolises.B.Because75percentofthepopulationlivesthere.C.Toconcludethepassage.D.TheBureauoftheCensusislocatedthere.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段的“theBureaureportsmorethan280MSAs,whichtogetheraccountfor75percentoftheUSpopulation”，可知75%的人住在MSA，但不單是theEasternCorridor,Californiacoast地區(qū)，因而排除B。第四段是對(duì)megapolis的介紹，不是對(duì)文章的總結(jié)，排除C。D想在文中并未提及。

"Whatdoesthemiddlemandobutaddtothepriceofgoodsintheshops?"Suchremarksareaimedattheintermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers.Thispracticeusuallyattractsalotofattentionfromthepublicandthepressandtheoperationmosttalkedaboutiswhatisoftencalledwholesaling.

Thewholesalerbuysgoodsinlargequantitiesfromthemanufacturersandsellstheminsmallerparcelstoretailers,andforthisservicehissellingpricetotheretailerisraisedseveralpercenthigher.Buthisjobismademoredifficultbyretaildemandnotnecessarilyrunninglevelwithmanufacturers'production.Becauseheadjustsorregulatestheflowofgoodsbyholdingstockuntilrequired,hefreesthemanufacturer,tosomeextent,fromtheeffectonproductionofchangingdemandandhavingtobearthewholerisk.

Themanufacturercanthenkeepupasteadyproductionflow,andtheretailerhasnoneedtoholdheavystocks,whocancallonthewholesalerforsuppliesanytime.Thiswholesalefunctionislikethatofavalveinawaterpipe.Themiddlemanalsobearspartoftheriskthatwouldotherwisefallonthemanufacturerandalsotheretailer.

Thewholesalerprovidesapurelycommercialservice,forwhichheistoowellrewarded.Butthepointthatismissedbymanypeopleisthatthewholesalerisnotjustsomeoneaddingtothecostofgoods.Itistrueonecouldeliminatethewholesalerbutonewouldstillbeleftwithhisfunction:thatofmakingsurethatgoodsfindtheirwaytothepeoplewhowantthem.11.

"Middleman"inthepassagealmostequalstoallthefollowinginmeaningEXCEPT______.A.go-betweenB.intermediaryC.manufacturerD.wholesaler正確答案：C[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一段前兩句“'Whatdoesthemiddlemandobutaddtothepriceofgoodsintheshops?'Suchremarksareaimedattheintermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers.”可知，Middleman應(yīng)該是負(fù)責(zé)制造商和客戶之間的業(yè)務(wù)。Middleman“經(jīng)紀(jì)人，中間人”；go-between“媒介者，中間人”；intermediary“中間人，調(diào)解人”；wholesaler“批發(fā)商”；manufacturer“制造業(yè)者，廠商”。由此可知，答案是C。

12.

"Thispractice"inParagraph1mostprobablyreferstothefactthatthemiddleman______.A.increasesthepricesintheshopsB.buysfromyouandsellstomeC.aimsremarksatmanufacturersD.interfereswithendusercustomers正確答案：B[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段后兩句“Suchremarksareaimedattheintermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers.Thispracticeusuallyattractsalotofattentionfromthepublicandthepressandtheoperationmosttalkedaboutiswhatisoftencanedwholesaling.”可知，practice指代上文的intermediateoperationsbetweenmanufacturersandfinalcustomers，所以是指批發(fā)商的行為。據(jù)此推斷，答案是B。

13.

Thewholesalerobtainshighersellingpricesfor______.A.smallparcelshesellsB.goodshebuysinbulkC.theserviceheprovidesD.theinformationheoffers正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句中的“Thewholesalerbuysgoodsinlargequantitiesfromthemanufacturersandsellstheminsmallerparcelstoretailers,andforthisservicehissellingpricetotheretailerisraisedseveralpercenthigher.”可知，批發(fā)商賣上高價(jià)錢是因?yàn)樗姆?wù)。所以，答案是C。

14.

Amiddleman'sworkmaybecomedifficultbecause______.A.manufacturersruntheirproductiononamuchhigherlevelB.marketdemandmaynotbethesameasindustrialproductionC.retailersarenotnecessaryinrunningtheirretailingbusinessD.retailersdemandlowerlevelsthanthosedemandedbymanufacturers正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句的“...hisjobismademoredifficultbyretaildemandnotnecessarilyrunninglevelwithmanufacturers'production.”可知，中間商的工作變得困難是因?yàn)榱闶坌枨笈c生產(chǎn)商的產(chǎn)品不同。所以，答案是B。

15.

Thewholesalerregulatestheflowofgoodsby______.A.runninglevelwithmanufacturers'productionB.holdingdownstockofcommoditiesC.keepingstockforstrongerdemandD.adjustingthepricesofgoodsintime正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“...heregulatestheflowofgoodsbyholdingstockuntilrequired.”可知，批發(fā)商通過(guò)存現(xiàn)貨以便需求來(lái)管理貨物流量。所以，答案是C。

16.

Themiddlemanrelievestheproducerof______.A.fluctuatingmarketdemandandstayingatriskB.theproductionofcommoditiesfortheretailmarketC.someextentofproductionofchangingdemandD.storinggoodsinawarehouseuntiltheyareneeded正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Hefreesthemanufacturer,tosomeextent,fromtheeffectonproductionofchangingdemandandhavingtobearthewholerisk.”可知，一定程度上，中間商會(huì)使生產(chǎn)商免受需求變化和承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響。據(jù)此推斷，答案是A。

17.

Whatfunctionofthewholesaleriscomparedtoavalve?A.Controllingtheflowofgoods．B.Pushingupdemandfromretailers．C.Bearingpartoftheriskformanufacturers．D.Sellinggoodstoretailers．正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句話“Themanufacturercanthenkeepupasteadyproductionflow,andtheretailerhasnoneedtoholdheavystocks,whocancallonthewholesalerforsuppliesanytime.”可知，制造商可以保持一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的生產(chǎn)流程，零售商不必?fù)碛写罅楷F(xiàn)貨，隨時(shí)可以向批發(fā)商請(qǐng)求供貨。批發(fā)商控制貨物流動(dòng)的功能就像一個(gè)閥門。所以，答案是A。

18.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Peoplecannotdowithoutthewholesaler'sfunction．B.Thefunctionofthewholesalerdoesnotaddtothecostofgoods．C.Thewholesalerhelpstoreducethepriceofgoodsinshops．D.Thewholesaleriswellpaidforhiscommercialservice．正確答案：D[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Thewholesalerprovidesapurelycommercialservice,forwhichheistoowellrewarded.”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“人們離不開(kāi)批發(fā)商”，根據(jù)第四段第三句“onecouldeliminatethewholesaler”可知，A項(xiàng)不正確，故排除；第二段第二行中提到批發(fā)商賣給零售商時(shí)價(jià)格提高了百分之幾，第四段中提到someoneaddingtothecostofgoods，所以B、C兩項(xiàng)也不正確。所以，答案是D。

19.

Theauthorquitepossiblybelievesthatthefunctionofthewholesaleris______.A.goodbuttoocostlyB.necessarybutharmfulC.removablebutnecessaryD.acceptablebutunnecessary正確答案：C[解析]本題考查作者態(tài)度。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Itistrueonecouldeliminatethewholesalerbutonewouldstillbeleftwithhisfunction:thatofmakingsurethatgoodsfindtheirwaytothepeoplewhowantthem.”可知，你可以沒(méi)有批發(fā)商，但是他的功能還是在的。即批發(fā)商并不是必不可缺的，但是必要的。所以，答案是C。

20.

Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriateforthispassage?A.TheGreedyWholesalersB.TheWholesalersinthePublicEyeC.ARetailMarketwithWholesalersD.CanWeDowithouttheWholesaler?正確答案：D[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了批發(fā)商的作用，特別是文章的最后一句話點(diǎn)明了文章的主旨。A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在文中并沒(méi)有相關(guān)支持信息，B、C兩項(xiàng)也不正確。所以，答案是D。

Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex．TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstruetures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisaspect,twothingsaretobenoted．First,alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.Second,theobjectsandactivitiesrequitingnamesanddistinctionsin"backward"languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness("this"and"that").ButsomelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.21.

Everygroupofhumanbeingshas______.A.itsownsetofideas,beliefsandwaysoflifeB.anextremelycomplexanddelicatelanguageC.itsownelegantmusic,literature，andotherartsD.theprocessofgrowingcropsorraisinganimals正確答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.”可知，不管看著多不文明，每個(gè)民族都有自己的文化。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，人的思想、信仰和生活方式都屬于“文化”。所以，答案是A。

22.

Totheprofessionallinguists,______.A.thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofculturesB.thereisnointrinsichierarchyoflanguagesC.alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroansD.alllanguagesaremostsevereandstandard正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“...astotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.”可知，對(duì)于專業(yè)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)言本來(lái)沒(méi)有等級(jí)之分。所以，答案是B。

23.

Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare______.A.adequateB.numerousC.ingeniousD.ingenuous正確答案：C[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.”可知，根據(jù)最嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，未開(kāi)化的群體中的大多數(shù)的語(yǔ)言都很復(fù)雜。Complex“復(fù)雜的”；adequate“足夠的”；numerous“很多的”；ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，精致的”；ingenuous“坦白的”。只有C項(xiàng)與原文complex的意思相近。所以，答案是C。

24.

"Backward"languagesfallbehindWesternlanguagesin______.A.structuresB.vocabulariesC.writtenformsD.soundpatterns正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句“TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,...butonlyintheirvocabularies.”可知，“Backward”語(yǔ)言和西方語(yǔ)言的區(qū)別不是在于發(fā)音模式或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，而是在于詞匯。由此可知，答案是B。

25.

Alllanguages,whethercivilizedornot,havetheirown______.A.waystotransferideasB.formstosatisfyneedsC.abilitiestoanswerdescriptionD.systemstoexpandvocabulary正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第六句“...alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion...”可知，所有語(yǔ)言都有語(yǔ)言擴(kuò)展的機(jī)制。machinery意為“機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)制”，systems意為“系統(tǒng)，體制”。由此可知，答案是D。

26.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthepassage?A.Anthropologistshavenothingtodowithlinguists.B.Linguistshavenothingtodowithanthropologists.C.Thestudyoflanguagescastslightuponthestudyofcultures.D.Thestudyofculturescastsnolightuponthestudyoflanguages.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.”可知，對(duì)專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，各文化之間沒(méi)有固有的優(yōu)越之分，就像對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)言沒(méi)有固有的等級(jí)之分一樣。根據(jù)這句話的邏輯關(guān)系我們可以推斷出，作者闡述語(yǔ)言之間關(guān)系的目的是說(shuō)明不同文化之間的關(guān)系。castlightonsth.“使某事物清楚些”。所以，答案是C。

27.

Itisimpliedthatallcultureshavetobeviewed______.A.profoundlyB.intrinsicallyC.independentlyD.professionally正確答案：C[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，各種文化之間沒(méi)有固有的優(yōu)越之分；又根據(jù)第二段中的內(nèi)容可知，所有的語(yǔ)言都有擴(kuò)展詞匯的方法，日?；顒?dòng)和熟悉事物都需要名稱，要進(jìn)行辨別，這些自然要導(dǎo)致形成自己的語(yǔ)言體系。據(jù)此推斷，答案是C。

28.

Accordingtothispassage,tolearnaforeignlanguagewouldrequireoneto______.A.domoreactivitiesB.learnaboutanewcultureC.meetmorepeopleD.needmorenames正確答案：B[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“...objectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin'backward'languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.”可知，學(xué)語(yǔ)言除了學(xué)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法外，還要了解與文化相關(guān)的思想、信仰和生活方式等。語(yǔ)言是文化的一部分，所以，學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)必須要了解該語(yǔ)言的文化。所以，答案是B。

29.

Theauthor'sattitudeshowninthispassage,toward"backward"languagesis______.A.restrainedB.subjectiveC.objectiveD.resolute正確答案：C[解析]本題考查作者態(tài)度。通讀全文可知，全文作者均采用第三人稱的陳述方式進(jìn)行講述，講到了不同文化和不同語(yǔ)言的之間的差別，由此可知，作者的態(tài)度是可觀的。所以，答案是C。

30.

Thispassageisonthewhole______.A.narrativeB.instructiveC.prescriptiveD.argumentative正確答案：B[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文主要是講述語(yǔ)言文化方面的內(nèi)容，說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言和文化密切相關(guān)。該文章具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。所以，答案是B。

Thefieldofmedicinehasalwaysattracteditsshareofquacksandcharlatans—disreputablewomenandmenwithlittleornomedicalknowledgewhopromisequickcuresatcheapprices.Thereasonswhyquackerythriveseveninmoderntimesareeasytofind.

Tobeginwith,painseemstobeachronichumancondition.Apersonwhosebodyormind"hurts"willoftenpayanyamountofmoneyforthepromiseofrelief.Second,eventhebestmedicaltreatmentcannotcurealltheillsthatbesetmenandwomen.Peoplewhomistrustordislikethetruthsthattheirphysicianstellthemoftenturntomoresympatheticears.

Manypeoplelackthetrainingnecessarytoevaluatemedicalclaims.Giventhechoicebetween(a)areputablephysicianwhosaysacureforcancerwillbelong,expensiveandmaynotworkatall,and(b)asalespersonwhosaysthatseveralbottlesofasecretformula"snakeoil"willcurenotonlycancerbuttuberculosisaswell,someindividualswilloptfor"snakeoil"

Many"snakeoil"remediesarehighlylacedwithalcoholornarcoticdrugs.Anyonewhodrinksthemmaygetsodrunkorstonedthattheydrowntheirpainsintherisingtideofpleasantintoxication.Littlewonderthat"snakeoil"isapopularcure-allforminorachesandhurts!Butlettherebenomisunderstandings.Averyfew"homeremedies"actuallywork.However,mostremediessoldbyquacksarenotonlyuseless,butoftencanbeharmfulaswell.31.

Inthispassage,aquackoracharlatanissomeonewho______.A.hasaspecialabilityB.haslittleknowledgeC.isnotagooddoctorD.pretendstobeadoctor正確答案：D[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Thefieldofmedicinehasalwaysattracteditsshareofquacksandcharlatans—disreputablewomenandmenwithlittleornomedicalknowledgewhopromisequickcuresatcheapprices.”可知，庸醫(yī)和騙子是指那些本身缺乏醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)或沒(méi)有醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)卻又許諾能以較低的價(jià)錢快速治愈病人的聲名狼藉的人。據(jù)此推斷，答案是D。

32.

Thesentence"painseemstobeachronichumancondition"meanspainseemsto______.A.beveryseriousB.beverydifficultC.lastforalongtimeD.bealwayshappening正確答案：D[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)“painseemstobeachronichumancondition”可知，痛苦好像是一種不斷發(fā)生的人類狀態(tài)。chronic“習(xí)慣性的，慢性的，長(zhǎng)期的”。A項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)肅的”；B項(xiàng)“十分苦難的”；C項(xiàng)“持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，D項(xiàng)“總是發(fā)生”。所以，答案是D。

33.

Quackerythriveseveninmoderntimesbecause______.A.patientspayanyamountofmoneyB.patientsdonotliketheirphysiciansC.quackssaythattheycanhelppatientsD.bestmedicaltreatmentcostsverymuch正確答案：C[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段最后一句和第二段中的“Thereasonswhyquackerythriveseveninmoderntimesareeasytofind.Apersonwhosebodyormind'hurts'willoftenpayanyamountofmoneyfor...mistrustordislikethetruthsthattheirphysicianstellthemoftentumtomoresympatheticears.”可知，病人身體或精神不好時(shí)，會(huì)不惜一切代價(jià)看病，他們不相信或不喜歡他們的醫(yī)生誠(chéng)實(shí)地告訴他們醫(yī)學(xué)治療并不能治愈困擾人們的所有疾病的事實(shí)，而是通常去找那些聲稱其藥能治百病的庸醫(yī)，因此，現(xiàn)在庸醫(yī)還是普遍存在。所以，答案是C。

34.

Peoplewhoseektheadviceofquacksandcharlatansarethosewho______.A.arepoorlyeducatedB.arehighlyeducatedC.dislikemedicaltreatmentsD.mistrustphysicians'truths正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Peoplewhomistrustordislikethetruthsthattheirphysicianstellthemoftenturntomoresympatheticears.”可知，不相信或不喜歡其醫(yī)生告訴的事實(shí)的人會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向那些庸醫(yī)和騙子。所以，答案是D。

35.

Toevaluatemedicalclaims,onemust______.A.turntoreputabledoctorsB.makeanadequatechoiceC.havethenecessarytrainingD.disbelievepromiseofrelief正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Manypeoplelackthetrainingnecessarytoevaluatemedicalclaims.”可知，很多人缺少必要的培訓(xùn)以評(píng)估m(xù)edicalclaims。即要想評(píng)估m(xù)edicalclaims，必須接受必要的培訓(xùn)。所以，答案是C。

36.

Accordingtotheauthor,averyfewhomeremediesare______.A.uselessB.harmfulC.pleasantD.effective正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Averyfew'homeremedies'actuallywork.”可知，很少有祖?zhèn)髅胤秸嬲嘈?。所以，答案是D。

37.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Quacksarereallysympathetic.B."Snakeoil"doesnotwork.C.Doctorscannotcureallills.D.Patientsareoftenimpatient.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查是非判斷。B項(xiàng)“蛇油沒(méi)有效果”是事實(shí)，因?yàn)閟nakeoil是江湖醫(yī)生所稱的萬(wàn)用藥，并不是真的有效，所以B項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“eventhebestmedicaltreatmentcannotcurealltheills”可知，即使是最好的醫(yī)生也不能治好所以的病，所以C項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)“Giventhechoicebetween(a)areputablephysicianwhosaysacureforcancerwillbelong,expensiveandmaynotworkatall,and(b)asalespersonwhosaysthatseveralbottlesofasecretformula'snakeoil'willcurenotonlycancerbuttuberculosisaswell,someindividualswilloptfor'snakeoil'”可知，一個(gè)聲譽(yù)良好的醫(yī)生說(shuō)治療癌癥是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程，一個(gè)售貨員說(shuō)蛇油可治百病，病人就會(huì)選擇買蛇油，由此推知，病人不太有耐心，所以，D項(xiàng)正確。據(jù)此推斷，答案是A。

38.

Manyindividualsoptfor"snakeoil"becausethey______.A.aremisledbyasecretformulaB.cannotaffordatreatmentC.lackmedicalknowledgeD.donottrustphysicians正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“...asalespersonwhosaysthatseveralbottlesofasecretformula'snakeoil'willcurenotonlycancerbuttuberculosisaswell,someindividualswilloptfor'snakeoil'.”可知，售貨員說(shuō)蛇油秘方不僅能治癌癥也能治肺結(jié)核，一些人就會(huì)選擇蛇油。由此可知，他們是被售貨員的話誤導(dǎo)而買蛇油的。所以，答案是A。

39.

"Snakeoil"isapopularcure-allforminorachesandhurtsbecauseithas______.A.actuallyworkedB.somefruitstonesC.beenmisunderstoodD.alcoholornarcoticdrugs正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段前三句話“Many'snakeoil'remediesarehighlylacedwithalcoholornarcoticdrugs.Anyonewhodrinksthemmaygetsodrunkorstonedthattheydrowntheirpainsintherisingtideofpleasantintoxication.Littlewonderthat'snakeoil'isapopularcure-allforminorachesandhums!”可知，許多蛇油秘方中含有大量酒精或麻醉藥。服用的人會(huì)喝醉或沉醉于極度的興奮中，難怪對(duì)小痛癢來(lái)說(shuō)，蛇油是受歡迎的萬(wàn)能藥。所以，答案是D。

40.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.DistrustofPhysiciansB.MedicalTreatmentC.SnakeOilRemediesD.GuardAgainstQuackery正確答案：D[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通途全文可知，文章主要介紹了庸醫(yī)、騙子和病人的心理，目的是讓人們明白、清醒，不要為了治病，而輕信庸醫(yī)和騙子的話，耽誤治病的時(shí)機(jī)。所以，答案是D。

Modernindustrialsocietygrantslittlestatustooldpeople.Infact,suchasocietyhasasystemofbuilt-inobsolescence.Thereisnoformalsystemforcontinuingoureducationthroughoutourlifeinordertokeepupwithrapidlychangingknowledge.Whenoureducationandjobskillshavegrownobsolete,wearetreatedexactlylikethosewhohavenevergainedaneducationorjobskillsandarenotencouragedorgiventheopportunitytobeginanew.

Asasocietybecomesmorehighlydeveloped,theoverallstatusofolderpeoplediminishes.Improvedhealthtechnologycreatesalargepoolofoldpeople,whocompeteforjobswiththeyoung.However,economictechnologylowersthedemandforworkersandcreatesnewjobsforwhichtheskillsoftheagedareobsolete,forcingolderpeopleintoretirement.Atthesametime,youngpeoplearebeingeducatedinthenewtechnologyandarekeepingpacewithrapidchangesinknowledge.Finally,urbanizationcreatesage-segregatedneighborhoods.Becausetheoldliveonfixedincomes,theymustoftenliveininferiorhousing.Allthesefactors—retirement,obsoleteknowledgeandskills,inferiorstandardsofliving—lowerthestatusoftheagedinsociety.

Acenturyago,whenonecouldexpecttoliveonlyto50orso,thelifespanmoreorlesscoincidedwiththeoccupationandfamilycycle.Buttodaytheaveragelifespanallowsforfifteentotwentyyearsoflifeafterthesecycles.Itappearsthatourlifespanisoutpacingourusefulnessinsociety.41.

By"asystemofbuilt-inobsolescence"theauthormeans______.A.noformalsystemsexistinmodernindustrialsocietyB.oldpeoplehavenostatusinmodernindustrialsocietyC.youngpeoplehavechancesinmodernindustrialsocietyD.knowledgechangesrapidlyinmodernindustrialsociety正確答案：B[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段前三句“Modernindustrialsocietygrantslittlestatustooldpeople.Infact,suchasocietyhasasystemofbuilt-inobsolescence.Thereisnoformalsystemforcontinuingoureducationthroughoutourlifeinordertokeepupwithrapidlychangingknowledge.”可知，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，老人的低位很低。事實(shí)上，這個(gè)社會(huì)有一個(gè)固有的荒廢體系。沒(méi)有繼續(xù)教育的正規(guī)體系以使老年人跟上不斷變化的知識(shí)。據(jù)此推斷，答案是B。

42.

Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Peopledon'thavetogaineducation.B.Peopledon'thavetolearnjobskills.C.Peopledon'thavetobetreatedasequals.D.Peopledon'thavechancestobeginanew.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段第四句“Whenoureducationandjobskillshavegrownobsolete,wearetreatedexactlylikethosewhohavenevergainedaneducationorjobskillsandarenotencouragedorgiventheopportunitytobeginanew.”可知，當(dāng)我們的教育和工作技能荒廢后，我們就會(huì)像那些從來(lái)沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育或擁有工作技能一樣對(duì)待，而且也沒(méi)有重新再來(lái)的機(jī)會(huì)。由此可知，A、B、C三項(xiàng)均正確。所以，答案是D。

43.

Themorehighlydevelopedasocietyis,______.A.themoreadvancedtechnologywillbeB.thelargerthenumberofpeoplewillbeC.themorediminishedoldpeople'sstatuswillbeD.thelowertheoverallstatusofthepeoplewillbe正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)