高中語法動詞的被動語態(tài)

高中語法動詞的被動語態(tài)語態(tài)的概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語的關(guān)系。動詞分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。Shetypedaletter.Aletterwastypedbyher.Grannytakescareofthegirl.ThegirlwastakencareofbyGanny.1、被動語態(tài)的概述被動語態(tài)表示句子的主語是動作的承受者，也就是動作的對象，一般只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。Farmingtoolsarebeingsenttothecountryside.Hehadbeeninvitedtoteachatauniversity.2、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”。be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化?，F(xiàn)以動詞see為例：注意：含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變化為被動語態(tài)時，由“情態(tài)動詞（can,maymust,haveto等）+be+動詞-ed。含有“begoingto,beto,usedto,beaboutto”等結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合謂語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其構(gòu)成為“begoingto（beto,usedto,beaboutto）+be+動詞-ed”Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollectioniscompleted.（一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)）I'vebeentold

thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasuresaretaken.IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.Hemustbepreventedfromgoing.Thelifeofthemiluisbeingstudiedthere.Hesaidthatthebookswouldbegiven

tothestudents.3、被動語態(tài)的使用范圍（1）不知道或沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者這時不用by短語Thisjacketismadeofcotton.EnglishisspokeninCanada.（2）為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.Thestoreisrunbytheoldman.Thesongwascomposedbyastudent.（3）出于策略、委婉、禮貌等不提出動作的執(zhí)行者Youaresaid

tobeactiverecently.Theplanwasgenerallyconsiderednotpractical.It’ssaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.常用于如下短語：It’snotknownthat………不得而知It’ssaidthat…It’sreportedthat…It’snotdecidedthat…It’sbelievedthat…據(jù)認(rèn)為……It’sannouncedthat…4、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)遵循以下原則：主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語；主動句中的謂語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)；主動句中的主語變?yōu)閎y介詞短語，有時介詞短語可?。?）含有單個賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳湟话銓⒅鲃泳渲械馁e語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，主動句的主語變?yōu)閎y的賓語Everyonelikesthebook.→Thebookislikedbyeveryone.Hewrotealetter.→Aletterwaswrittenbyhim.（2）含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳溆行﹦釉~后面可以跟“賓語+補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)被稱作復(fù)合賓語?？梢猿洚?dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、V-ing和V-ed等。含復(fù)合賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，只將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不動①行為動詞Theyadvisedhertotake

themedicine.→Shewasadvisedtotakethemedicine.TheynamedtheboyJohn.→TheboywasnamedJohn.Wefoundhimworkinginthefactory.→Hewasfoundworkinginthefactory.②感官動詞和使役動詞跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時

在主動句中，動詞不定式做感官動詞（see,watch,hear等）和使役動詞（make,have）的賓語補(bǔ)足語，通常省去動詞不定式符號to。但改為被動結(jié)構(gòu)后，要把省略了to再加上。Theymadehimgotherealone.→Hewasmadetogotherealone.Isawhimcrosstheroadandenterthebank.→Hewasseentocrosstheroadandenterthebank.注意：動詞是let時，其被動結(jié)構(gòu)中仍不帶toThey

letJohngo.

→Johnwasletgo.（3）含有雙賓語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳洧僦苯淤e語是名詞、代詞時有些動詞（give,tell,buy等）在句中做謂語時可有兩個賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語），又稱雙賓語。含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，可以將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個保留不動。一般將主動結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語。當(dāng)直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語時，間接賓語前應(yīng)加介詞to（有時可以省去）或for。Shegavemethebook.→Iwasgiven

thebook.→Thebookwasgiventome.Mymothergaveme

apencil.→Iwasgivenapencilbymymother.→Apencilwasgiven

to

mebymymother.Fatherboughtmeanewcoat.→Iwasboughtanewcoat.→Anewcoatwasboughtforme.注意：被動句中兩個間接賓語對比時，其前的介詞to不可省略。Thisappleisgiventome,nottoyou.②直接賓語是從句時一般只能構(gòu)成以間接賓語為主語的被動句。Someonetoldmewheretheaccidenthadhappened.→Iwastoldwheretheaccidenthadhappened.Heaskedmewhetherthemeetingwastobeputoff.→Iwasaskedwhetherthemeetingwastobeputoff.（4）帶賓語從句的主動句換為被動句①通常用it作為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的形式主語Nobodyknewwhethertherewasgoldleftinthemine.→Itwasnotknownwhethertherewasgoldleftinthemine.Webelievedthathewasill.→Itwasbelievedthathewasill.②帶賓語從句的主動句換為被動句時，可以改為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)Hesaidtheplaywasveryinteresting.→Theplaywassaidtobeveryinteresting.Hereportedthattheyhadfinishedtheproject.→Theywerereportedtohavefinishedtheproject.（5）帶有情態(tài)動詞或begoingto的主動句換為被動句如果主動句帶有情態(tài)動詞或begoingto(beaboutto,beto,usedto,haveto)等，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，情態(tài)動詞或begoingto等不變，只是后面的主動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。Heisgoingtogivemeabook.→Iamgoingtobegivenabook.Wemusttakemeasurestostoppollution.→Measuresmustbetakentostoppollution.5、被動結(jié)構(gòu)的時態(tài)由be的不同時態(tài)+及物動詞-ed形式構(gòu)成（1）一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)由“be的一般現(xiàn)在時（am/is/are）+及物動詞-ed形式”構(gòu)成Insomepartsoftheworld,teaisservedwithmilkandsugar.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.Jack,youarewantedonthephone.Iamaskedtodothework.（2）一般過去式一般過去式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)由“be的一般過去式（was/were）+及物動詞-ed形式”構(gòu)成。Shortlyafterwewereseated,awaitercameovertoourtablewithasmile.Thebuildingwasbuiltin1559.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident.（3）一般將來時一般將來時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)由“be的一般將來時（shall/willbe）+及物動詞-ed形式”構(gòu)成Morefactorieswillbebuiltinmyhometown.HewillbetakentotheparkonSunday.（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)由“be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（am/is/arebeing）+及物動詞-ed”構(gòu)成-Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?

-Notyet.Theroomsarebeingpainted.Thelifeofthemilu

isbeingstudiedatpresent.Ateachingbuildingisbeingbuiltnow.（5）過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)由“be的過去進(jìn)行時（was/werebeing）+及物動詞-ed”構(gòu)成WhenIgotthere,anewroadwasbeingbuiltbythem.LasttimeIwentbacktomyhometown,abigfactorywasbeingbuiltthere.（6）現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)由“be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（has/havebeen）+及物動詞-ed形式”構(gòu)成。I’vebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Nopermissionhasbeengivenforanybodytoenterthebuilding.Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompletedandwe'rereadytostart.（7）過去完成時過去完成時的被動語態(tài)由“be的過去完成時（hadbeen）+及物動詞-ed形式”構(gòu)成。HeaskedmehowmanyEnglishwords

hadbeenlearnedbythatyear.Bytheendoflastyear,about2millionChinesecharactershadbeentranslatedintoEnglish.（8）將來完成時其被動語態(tài)由“be的將來完成時（will/shallhavebeen）+及物動詞-ed”構(gòu)成。Thenewbookwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofthemonth.Thebuildingwillhavebeencompletedbeforehecomes.（9）過去將來完成時過去將來完成時的被動語態(tài)是由“be的過去將來完成時（would/shouldhavebeen）+及物動詞的-ed形式”構(gòu)成。Hesaidthearticlesshouldhavebeentranslatedbysixo’clock.HetoldmethatthedamwouldhavebeencompletedbyDecember.注意：將來完成時和過去將來完成時很少用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，完成進(jìn)行時沒有被動結(jié)構(gòu)。6、含有情態(tài)動詞或begoingto的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是由“情態(tài)動詞或begoingto(beaboutto,usedto,beto,haveto等)+be+及物動詞的-ed形式”構(gòu)成。Thisbikecanbemendedintwohours.Thetreesmaybeplantedinspring.（可以）Theroommustbekeptclean.Theflowersshouldbewateredoften.Theyhavetobegivenalotofmoney.7、短語動詞的被動語態(tài)只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，有些短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞，也可以有被動語態(tài)，但短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不可去掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。Have

yousentforthedoctor?→Hasthedoctorbeensentfor?派人去請醫(yī)生了嗎?Theyoftenmadefunofher.→Shewasoftenmadefunof.Shehasbeenlaughedatbyherclassmates.Ipromisethatthematterwillbetakencareof.我答應(yīng)把這事放在心上。注意：主動結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞為“不及物動詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的及物的短語動詞時，通常把它看成一個整體。但也可將這類短語動詞本身的名詞用作主語，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，尤其是在名詞前有定語修飾時。Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.→Moreattentionshouldbepaidtoyourpronunciation.8、Get型被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的基本形式由“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。但也有“get+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)，這叫g(shù)et型被動語態(tài)。get型被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞數(shù)量有限，通常為單個動詞或比較簡單的動詞短語。（1）get+及物動詞的過去分詞①get常與marry,beat,break,damage,tear,strike,hurt,paint,invite,repair,dress,pay,wound等動詞的-ed形式連用，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)指動作的結(jié)果而非動作本身，指“最后終于，突然發(fā)生”等意義。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.Hegotwoundedinthebattle.Theboygothurtonhiswayhome.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet．Ifnot，youmaygetrunoverbyacar．②get-型被動語態(tài)一般不可接by短語引出動作執(zhí)行者，如要表示動作的執(zhí)行者，則需用“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”的形式。誤：Theboygothurtbyacaronhiswaytoschool.正：Theboywashurtbyacaronhiswaytoschool.③get-型被動語態(tài)一般不用在含有雙賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，也不與see,hear,watch,listento等感官動詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。Theoldmanwasofferedalargesumofmoney.（正）Theoldmangotofferedalargesumofmoney.(誤)Somefarmerswereseenworkinginthefields.（正）Somefarmersgotseenworkinginthefields.(誤)④get-型被動語態(tài)有言外之意或具有感情色彩Hegottaughtalesson.他被教訓(xùn)了一頓。（有“活該”之意）Howdidthewindowgetclosed.窗戶怎么關(guān)上了？（有“不該關(guān)上”之意）⑤get-型被動語態(tài)有時表示開始進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)，而be+動詞的-ed形式只表示存在的狀態(tài)。Shegottired.她感到累了。（有開始感到疲勞的含義）Shewastired.(只表示“她累了”)（2）seem,appear+動詞-ed形式或stand,rest,grow,become+動詞-ed也可表示被動語態(tài)。Heseemedannoyedbyhiswords.Theircuriositygrewaroused.9、by短語在被動語態(tài)中的用法從主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳湟约氨粍泳涞氖褂?，都涉及了“by+行為者”(即by短語)，by短語有時可省略，有時不可省略（1）省略by短語的情況①主動句是“主+謂+賓+狀”結(jié)構(gòu)Theybuilttheschoolin1962.→Theschoolwasbuiltin1962.②主動句中含有雙賓語時。Tomgavemeabook.→Abookwasgiven

tome.③主動句中含有復(fù)合賓語。Theyheardhimcome.→Hewasheardtocome.④主動句中含有賓語從句時。WeexpectthatMarywillwin.→Maryisexpectedtowin.或:ItisexpectedthatMarywillwin.⑤當(dāng)動作的施事者不可知或不易說出時。Agreatnumberofnewbookswillbepublishednextyear.⑦在特定的語境或上下文中，施事者為雙方所共知，沒有必要說出來時。Hewasmademonitoroftheclass.⑧說話人本身是行為者，但出于某種考慮（為了表示禮貌、措辭婉轉(zhuǎn)等），不愿說出自己是動作的行為者時。Youhavebeentoldmanytimesnottotouchthepictures.⑨主動句中的主語是句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分時。Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.→Thisquestioncanbeansweredevenbyachild.（2）不省略by的情況①如果省去by短語，句子意思就不完整Mr.Brownwrotetheletter.→TheletterwaswrittenbyMr.Brown.②漢譯英時，用英語表達(dá)漢語的“被、由、為……所……”等意思時。AmericawasdiscoveredbyColumbusin1492.ThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.③主動句是以疑問代詞作主語的問句時WhodiscoveredAmerica?→WhowasAmericadiscoveredby?典型例題1.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek．A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD．willhold2．Thequestionheaskedishard____．A.foranswerB.toanswerC．tobeansweredD.answering3．Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium____inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompleted

C.hasbeencompleteD.hadbeencompleted

4．Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool＿＿＿abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sent

B.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent5.Afterafirebrokeoutinthelab,alotofequipment＿＿.A.isdamaged

B.haddamaged

C.damaged

D.wasdamaged6.Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.A.havebeentakenplace…h(huán)avebeensetupB.havetakenplace…h(huán)avebeensetupC.havetakenplace…h(huán)avesetup

D.weretakenplace…weresetup每年進(jìn)入夏季，由于氣溫高、濕度大，對幼兒的照顧要特別注意，以下是出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)為您搜集整理的