定語從句講解課件高中英語人教版

定語從句（一）---基本用法

eg:Heisaboy.Hewearsapairofglasses.?Heisaboywearsapairofglasses.或：Heisaboy

,wearsapairofglasses.that/whowho先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句：相當(dāng)于形容詞復(fù)合句中，一個(gè)句子限定修飾主句中的某個(gè)名詞（n.）,代詞（pron.）,或整個(gè)主句（非限制性定語從句）的句子。被修飾的名詞，代詞或句子叫先行詞；引導(dǎo)定語從句的叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞eg.Heisaboy

who/thatwearsapairofglasses.或：Heisaboy

,

whowearsapairofglasses.討論：who/that（即：關(guān)系詞）的作用？1.代指先行詞boy;(關(guān)系詞不是本身意思，而是先行詞的意思.)2.在定語從句中做句子成分.關(guān)系代詞：that,who,whom,whose,which,as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇：確定先行詞(人/物)?分析定語從句的成分?缺主語/賓語/（表語)?關(guān)系代詞（that/which/who/whom/as）?缺狀語?關(guān)系副詞(when/where/why)?缺定語（空后為名詞）?用whose關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞1.先行詞是人，從句缺主語：who,that

缺賓語：who,whom,that,不填2.先行詞是物，從句缺主語：which,that

從句缺賓語：that,which,不填Heisaboywho/thatcomesfromCanada.HeistheboyI‘mlookingafter.1.Thenumberofpeople

wholosthomesreachedasmanyas10,000.2.Heisthemanthatwantstoseeyou.3.ThepeoplewhowemetinFrancehavesentusacard.4.TheboythatwesawyesterdaywasJonh'sbrother.5.ThemanwhomyouspoketojustnowisourEnglishteacher.6.LiMingisjusttheboyIwanttosee.whopeoplemanthatwhopeopleboythatmanwhomboy7.Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.8.Thefactorythatmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.9.Thefilmthattheywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.10.Thegoldmedalwhichshewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.11.Thisisthepenheboughtyesterday.gamewhichfactorythatfilmthatmedalwhichpenexercises:1.Doyouknowtheman__________istalkingtoyourmothernow?2.Thebuilding________structureattractsmemostisbeingbuilt.3.Theboy________fatherworksabroadismyclassmate.4.Aplaneisamachine___________canfly.5.Thegirl__________I'mlookingforiscalledMary.who/thatwhosewhosethat/which(that/whom)ThegirlI'mlookingforisMary.?

先行詞既可指人也可指物，從句中缺定語用________先行詞指________時(shí)，the+n.+ofwhich=_________________=_______________先行詞是人：the+n+ofwhom/ofwhom+the+nwhose物ofwhich+the+n.whose+n.12.Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.13.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.14.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.15.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.16.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?17.Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?scientistwhosehousewhoseclassroomwhosedoorthedoorofwhichwhosecoverofwhichthedoorclassroomthebookthebook特殊的關(guān)系代詞as意思___________,可放在__________或__________,在從句中可以做什么成分_______________,用在固定搭配中______________________________________________________等。

關(guān)系代詞的作用_____________________________________________________正如；像句首句中主，賓，表連接兩個(gè)句子代替先行詞在從句中做主，賓，表，定語成分AsisknowntoallAsismentionedabovesuch…as…thesame…as…18.Hemarriedher,aswasnatural.19.Heishonest,aswecansee.20.Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.21.Asismentionedabove,Englishiseasytolearn.22.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.23.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.asas放在句中aswecansee.Asismentionedabove,.Asisknowntoall,as放在句首suchasthesameaseg.____weallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Hewasadmittedintoakeyuniversity,______madehisparentsproud.as的用法——非限制性定語從句中。as和which的區(qū)別：Aswhich結(jié)論：1.意思：as--“正如，正像”；which--“這”.

2.位置：as引導(dǎo)的定從可在主句前，主句后，也可在主句中間；

which引導(dǎo)的定從在主句后.summary:思考：如何判定一個(gè)句子是定語從句呢？1.一個(gè)完整的句子（.）包含兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞可判斷有兩個(gè)句子；2.其中一個(gè)句子位于名詞或代詞之后且限定修飾那個(gè)名詞或代詞.Heisaboywho/thatwearsapairofglasses.做題方法：1.確定先行詞（指人/指物）；?2.判定從句缺什么成分（主語/賓語/狀語）?3.選定關(guān)系詞.關(guān)系副詞時(shí)間狀語用_________/介詞加關(guān)系代詞in/at/on…+__________地點(diǎn)狀語用_________/介詞加關(guān)系代詞in/at/on…+__________原因狀語用_________/介詞加關(guān)系代詞for+_________關(guān)系副詞在從句中做____________成分，并起到連接兩個(gè)句子的作用。whenwhichwherewhichwhywhich狀語關(guān)系副詞IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.=IstillrememberthedayonwhichIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.=ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.=Therearemanyreasonsforwhichpeople...exercises:1.Istillremembertheday_____Ifirstcametothisschool.2.Thereason____herefusedtheinvitationwasnotclear.3.Thisthesmallvillage________hewasborn.whenwhywhere?onwhich?forwhich?inwhich注意一、抽象地點(diǎn)名詞做先行詞時(shí)，從句不缺成分，關(guān)系詞用where,這些抽象地點(diǎn)名詞有case,point,situation,activity,occasion,stage,position等。Youhavereachedthepoint______nobodylikesyou.wherepoint

定語從句（二）---that/which/who的特殊用法只能用that的情況

1．當(dāng)先行詞是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時(shí)

(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?

(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.

(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.

2.

當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.

當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

4.

當(dāng)形容詞被thevery（正是）,theonly，thelast,thesame,just修飾時(shí)

(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.

(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.5.

當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時(shí)

(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

6.

當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有物時(shí)

Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?7.當(dāng)先行詞前有no…longer時(shí),that在從句中作表語(1)Sheisnolongerthepersonthatusedtobe.只用which的用法：eg.(1)TaiWanisanisland__________belongstoChina.但是：(2)TaiWanisanisland,______belongstoChina.that/whichwhich用法一：非限制性定語從句（逗號(hào)把先行詞和從句分開）討論：是見逗號(hào)都用which引導(dǎo)定語從句嗎？eg.Istillremembertheday,______mybrotherjoinedthearmy.when不是(非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞或主句起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，即使刪掉也不影響主句的語義完整)eg.Thecity___________shelivesinisfaraway.區(qū)別：Thecityin_______shelivesisfaraway.(that/which)which..用法二：介詞+which(先行詞是指物的名詞)，Therewasnoone__________shecouldturntoforhelp.區(qū)別：Therewasnooneto_____shecouldturnforhelp.(that/whom)whom..介詞+whom(先行詞是指人的名詞)eg.Chinahasalotofislands,oneofwhichisTaiWan.Therearelotsofstudents,noneofwhomlikethefilm.結(jié)論：介詞+which/whom前可以有數(shù)詞或不定代詞.只用who的情況：1.ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.those，these充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)指物，定從多用who引導(dǎo)eg.Those_______wanttoleavecangonow.who特殊詞的用法：eg.Readingaloudisagoodway____________________(learn)English.Readingaloudisagoodway_____________welearnEnglish.Thisistheway______works.Thisistheway______hethinkof.tolearn/oflearning(that/inwhich)表示“...的方法/方式”way+todo/ofdoing