復合句定語從句課件高考英語一輪復習

定語從句EFFICIENTCLASSROOM概念：復合句中用來修飾和限定名詞和代詞的句子

先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。

關系詞：引導定語從句的詞。

分類：

限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句?關系代詞EFFICIENTCLASSROOMPART-01關系代詞先行詞在從句中的作用區(qū)分that

which

who

whom

whose

as

that既可指人又可指物,在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。

Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.這個古老的小鎮(zhèn)有狹窄的街道和建造得彼此靠得很近的小房子。

Somepeopleregisteralistofthingsthattheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.有些人會在當地的家或多家商店里為他們的新家登記他們想要或需要的東西清單。which用于指物，在從句中作主語或賓語。

Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhichallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.在為學生營造自由交流的氛圍這方面，她很有天賦。that和which的用法區(qū)分（只能用which的情況）

(1)、引導非限制性定語從句時，只用which,不用that?！馎coinisputintothecake,whichsignifiessuccessintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.(2)、關系代詞指物，且其前有介詞時，只用which，不用that?！馪rotectingthemountainforestsinwhichgiantpandaslivehasbeengoodformanyotheranimals.(3)、先行詞本身是that時，只用which?！馱hatisthatwhichyouhaveputintotheplasticcup.

關系代詞只用that不用which的情況。(1)、先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,none,something,everything,

nothing,anything等時。(2)、先行詞被theonly,

thevery,thelast,

thesame,theright,all,any,

every,each,few,little,no，some等詞修飾時。(3)、先行詞是序數詞、形容詞最高級，或被序數詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。(4)、先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。(5)、先行詞是主句的表語,或關系代詞在從句中作表語時。(6)、當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時。(7)有兩個定語從句時，如果一個從句用which引導，則另一個從句用that引導。(8)、主句是therebe句型，且關系詞在從句中作主語時，如果先行詞指物、用that，不用which；如果先行詞指人,常用who引導定語從句。

1．Theyaskedaboutthethingsandteachers______theystillrememberedintheschool.2．Libraryisalwaysthefirstplace________hegoestowhenhefeelsupset.3．Whoistheperson________isstandingatthegate?4．China’sChang’e5lunarprobe________landedonthemoonhassuccessfullybroughtmoonsamplesbacktoearth.5．Thisisthehotel________hestayedatlastmonth.

6．Peoplespokehighlyofthedriver___________,inspiteoftheterribleweather,hadsavedhispassengersfromdanger.7．Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose______aregoodatrecognizingtheirstrengths.8．Thisistheboy________fatherdiedthreeyearsago.9．Isawsometrees___________leaveswereblackwithdisease.10．MsWangistheteacher____________sonwasadmittedtoPekingUniversity.

who用于指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。Hisson,age15,whohadtakenanartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomethingunusualabouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.

whom用于指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可用who代替;但是,若從句中的介詞提到關系代詞前，只能用whom直接跟在介詞后作賓語,，不可用who代替。Inourclassthereare48students,halfofwhomaregirls.whose

表示所屬關系,既可指人又可指物,在定語從句中作定語。指物時相當于ofwhich；指人時相當于ofwhom。Dr.Rowan,whose

secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

Thehousewhoseroofispaintedblueismyhome.

as

引導限制性定語從句，作關系代詞，既可指人又可指物,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。常用于下列結構:①such+名詞+as…,意為像……一樣的；像……之類的”;②such(+代詞+as)

意為“像……一樣的；像……之類的”；③thesame(+名詞+)as…,意為“和……一樣的”。Heissuchamanasisalwaysreadytohelpothers..

Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的as,樣的書。as引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為整個主句或主句中的一部分,意為“正如;

asiswell--known/knowntoallasisexpected/reported/announcedashasbeensaidbeforeasismentionedabove關系副詞PART-02關系副詞先行詞在從句中的作用when

where

why

關系副詞when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于“表示時間的介詞(in,at,on,during等)+which”●Helivedinthetimeswhen（=inwhich）theblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.在他生活的那個時代，盲人沒受過多少教育?！馮hedaysaregonewhen（=duringwhich)physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠體力謀生的時代已經一去不復返了。

關系副詞where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當于“表示地點的介詞(in,at,on,under等)+which'”●Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,where(=atwhich)weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.我和朋友一起登上了山頂,在那里我們欣賞到了壯麗的湖光美景。●Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwhere(=inwhich)largeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.這些袋子中很多的最終歸宿是大海,在那里，大一些的袋子會困住海洋生物，如海龜和海豚。

【特別注意】若先行詞為一些表示地點的抽象名詞，如situation,point,stage,position等，且引詞在從句中作狀語，●Ihavecometothepointwhere（=atwhich）Ican'tstandhim.我已經到了無法容忍他的地步。●He'sgotintothesituationwhere（=inwhich）heisindebt.他已經陷入負債累累的境地?！馎tlasthegottheposition（that/which)hehadbeendreamingof.他最終得到了他夢寐以求的那個職位。抽象地點總結：point、stage、position、case、policy、condition、situation、activity、atmosphere、platform、website...關系副詞why指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當于forwhich.●Isthisthereasonwhy（=forwhich）herefusedouroffer?

這就是他拒絕我們的提議的理由嗎?●Doyouknowthereasonwhy（=forwhich）hedidn'tattendthemeeting?

你知道他沒參加會議的原因嗎?

1我們的生命依靠著我們從中獲得食物的土地。

Ourlivesdependonthelandwhere/fromwhichwegetourfood.2他不大可能找到十年前吃過晚餐的那個小飯館了。

It’simpossibleforhimtofindtherestaurantinwhich/wherehehaddinner10yearsago.3我們已經找到了像他們工廠里用的那種材料materials。（用such…as…）

Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.4長城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。

TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitors.

5[泰坦尼克號Titanic]是這些精彩的電影中唯一由好萊塢Hollywood制作的電影。

TitanicistheonlyoneofthesewonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.6我們經歷了一個階段，這期間在農村的通信是非常困難的。(用inwhich)

Wewentthroughaperiodinwhichcommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.

7這么多年來，唯一令我不能忘懷的就是家鄉(xiāng)的那條河。

Foralltheseyears,theonlythingthatIcan’tforgetistheriverinmyhometown.介詞+關系代詞PART-03

介詞的選擇可依據以下原則：(1)根據該介詞和先行詞的固定搭配來確定。IadmiremyEnglishteacherverymuchfromwhomIlearnalot.(learnfromsb為固定搭配)(2)根據定語從句中的動詞習慣搭配來確定。Therearesomepeopletowhomyoucanturn.(turntosb為固定搭配)(3)根據從句中的形容詞搭配來確定。HeintroducedmesomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.(befamiliarwith為固定搭配)(4)表示“所屬關系”或“整體中的部分”時用介詞of。Shehasseenmanyfilms，ofwhichKungFuPandaisherfavorite.

1.(全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)我計劃在暑期到一家公司做兼職，期望通過這種方式來提高我的英語口語和社交能力。Iamplanningtodoapart-timejobinaforeigncompanyduringthesummerbreak，throughwhichIcouldimprovemyspokenEnglishandsocialskills.2.(天津高考書面表達)我想借此機會表達你對我慷慨幫助的感激之情，沒有你的幫助，我不會取得如此快的進步。

I’dliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmygratitudetoyouforyourgeneroushelp,withoutwhichIwouldn’tmakesuchrapidprogress.

3.(四川高考書面表達)一年中有四季，每個季節(jié)都有顯著的特點。Therearefourseasonsinayear，eachofwhichhasdistinctivefeatures.4.我買了很多書，這些書花光了我攢下的所有的積蓄。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,

onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.5.約翰邀請了大約40人參加他的婚禮，他們當中絕大部分都是家人。Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding，mostofwhomarefamilymembers.練習時間

易錯：1.定語從句&并列句①Theyliveinasmallhouse,infrontof________standsanorangetree.②Theyliveinasmallhouse,andinfrontof________standsanorangetree.③Theoldmanhasthreesons,noneof_________isadoctor.④Theoldmanhasthreesons,butnoneof__________isadoctor.which；it；whom；them2.關系代詞&關系副詞1）Iwillneverforgetthesedays,________wedevotedtofinishingtheprojectontime.2）Iwillneverforgetthesedays,________weplayedbasketballtogethereveryday.which；when

1）Thereason

hedidn'tcomeintimeispoorhealth.

2）Thereason

hegaveforhisabsencedidn'tholdwater.

3）Weareatapoint

weneedtomakeadecision.

4）Themuseum

wevisitedlastweekwasverycrowded.

5）Iwillremembertheday

wevisityou

6）Iwillremembertheday

wespenttogetherwhy；that/which；where；that/which；when；that/which3.關系代詞as的用法1）Heissuchagoodboy_______everyoneinourclassloveshimalot.2）Heissuchagoodboy_______islovedbyallthestudentsinourclass.1）________isknowntousall,MoYanbecomessofamousafterhewintheNoblePrize.2）________isknowntousallisthatMoYanbecomessofamousafterhewintheNoblePrize.3）________isknowntousallthatMoYanbecomessofamousafterhewintheNoblePrize.that；as；as；What；It4.當先行詞是way時，引導詞的選擇。要點1_________________________________________________1）Idon’tliketheway_______youspeaktoyourparents.that/inwhich/不填5.定語從句與強調句式的區(qū)別要點______________________________________________1）Itwasin1990_______myfathersetuphisownschool.2）Itwas1990_______myfathersetuphisownschool.強調句去掉itisthat仍舊是一個完整的句式

that；when1．Toattractvisitorstothecoaster,theparkhasjustreleased(發(fā)布)newphotosandvideosonline,________showwhatthecoasterwillbelikefromtheperspective(視角)ofpersonriding.2．Meanwhile,astheconstructiongoeson,moreroadswillbebuiltandtheMetrosystemwillbeexpanded,________canreducetrafficjams.3．Themajorityoftheadswerealsopromotingextra-curriculareducationinstitutions,________havebeencondemnedforputtingextraacademicpressureonstudents.4．Afterrunningarestaurantforseveralyears,heretiredattheageof65andreceivedhisfirstsocialsecuritycheck,________wasfor$105,ashisonlyincome.5．______youknow,Juliaisleavingsoon.6．Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome___________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatsmallvillage.7．Stevenisadesigner________workshavewoninternationalpraise.8．Johnhasbeenunwell,andthismaybethereason________helostthematch.9．Gonearethedays________surgerymeantcuttingapatientopen.Modernmedicineoffersdoctorslessinvasivetoolstooperateondisease-strickenbodies.

10．Inadditiontothistraditionalmedicaltreatment,hetriedtoputhimselfinsituations________wouldbringaboutpositiveemotions.11．Thetrainranovertoaboyandhisdog________werejustcrossingthetrack.12．IhavebeenreadingCommonwealthbyAnnPatchettrecently.Ithinkitisthemostinterestingbook________Ihaveeverread.13．Itwasinthesmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesthathespenthischildhood.14．Ifyouwanttolearnthepianowell,all_______youhavetodoistopracticeeverydaywithcorrectmethods.15．Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpeople________theymetduringthetrip.16