翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題7

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題7Chinese-EnglishTranslation1.

中國(guó)是經(jīng)歷了深重苦難的國(guó)家。在工業(yè)革命發(fā)生前的幾千年時(shí)間里，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技、文化一直走在世界的第一方陣之中。近代以后（江南博哥），中國(guó)的封建統(tǒng)治者夜郎自大、閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)，導(dǎo)致中國(guó)落后于時(shí)代發(fā)展步伐，中國(guó)逐步成為半殖民地半封建社會(huì)。外國(guó)列強(qiáng)入侵不斷，中國(guó)社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩不已，人民生活極度貧困。窮則思變，亂則思定。中國(guó)人民經(jīng)過逾百年前赴后繼的不屈抗?fàn)?，付出幾千萬人傷亡的巨大犧牲，終于掌握了自己的命運(yùn)。中國(guó)人民對(duì)被侵略、被奴役的歷史記憶猶新，尤其珍惜今天的生活。中國(guó)人民希望和平、反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，所以始終奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，堅(jiān)持不干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政、也不允許別人干涉中國(guó)內(nèi)政。我們過去一直是這樣做的，今后也會(huì)這樣做下去。

中國(guó)是實(shí)行中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的國(guó)家。1911年，孫中山先生領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的辛亥革命，推翻了統(tǒng)治中國(guó)幾千年的君主專制制度。舊的制度推翻了，中國(guó)向何處去?中國(guó)人苦苦尋找適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的道路。君主立憲制、復(fù)辟帝制、議會(huì)制、多黨制、總統(tǒng)制都想過了、試過了，結(jié)果都行不通。最后，中國(guó)選擇了社會(huì)主義道路。在建設(shè)社會(huì)主義實(shí)踐中，我們有成功也有失誤，甚至發(fā)生過嚴(yán)重曲折。改革開放以后，在鄧小平先生領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，我們從中國(guó)國(guó)情和時(shí)代要求出發(fā)，探索和開拓國(guó)家發(fā)展道路，形成了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義，提出要建設(shè)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、民主政治、先進(jìn)文化、和諧社會(huì)、生態(tài)文明，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義，促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展，堅(jiān)持和平發(fā)展，全面建成小康社會(huì)，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕。獨(dú)特的文化傳統(tǒng)，獨(dú)特的歷史命運(yùn)，獨(dú)特的國(guó)情，注定了中國(guó)必然走適合自己特點(diǎn)的發(fā)展道路。我們走出了這樣一條道路，并且取得了成功。正確答案：Chinahasgonethroughmanyvicissitudes.Severalthousandyearsbeforetheindustrialrevolution,Chinahadbeenleadingtheworldineconomic,technological,andculturaldevelopment.However,feudalrulersofthe18thand19thcenturiesclosedthedoorofChinainboastfulignorance.AndChinawassinceleftbehindinthetrendofdevelopmentandsubduedtoasemi-colonialandsemi-feudalsociety.Asaresultofincessantforeigninvasionsthereafter,Chinaexperiencedagreatsocialturmoil,anditspeoplehadtolivealifeofextremedestitution.Povertypromptedacallforchange,andpeopleexperiencingturmoilaspiredforstability.Afterahundredyearsofpersistentandunyieldingstruggle,theChinesepeople,sacrificingtensofmillionsoflives,ultimatelytooktheirdestinybackintotheirownhands.Nevertheless,thememoryofforeignevasionsandbullyinghasneverbeenerasedfromthemindsofChinesepeople.Andthatexplainswhywecherishsodearthelifewelivetoday.TheChinesepeoplewantpeace;wedonotwantwar.ThisisthereasonwhyChinafollowsanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.Chinaiscommittedtonon-interferenceinothercountries'internalaffairs.AndChinawillnotallowotherstointerfereinitsownaffairs.Thisisthepositionthatwehaveupheldinthepast.Itiswhatwewillcontinuetoupholdinthefuture.

ChinaisasocialistcountrywithChinesecharacteristics.In1911,therevolutionledbyDoctorSunYat-senoverthrewtheautocraticmonarchythathadruledChinaforseveralthousandyears.Butoncetheoldsystemwasgone,whereChinawouldgobecamethequestion.TheChinesepeoplethenstartedexploringlongandhardforthepaththatwouldsuitChina'snationalconditions.Theyexperimentedwithconstitutionalmonarchy,imperialrestoration,parliamentarism,multi-partysystemandpresidentialgovernment.Yet,nothingreallyworked.Finally,Chinatookonthepathofsocialism.Admittedly,intheprocessofbuildingsocialism,wehavehadsuccessfulexperience,andalsomademistakes.Weevensufferedserioussetbacks.Afterreformandopening-upwaslaunchedundertheleadershipofMr.DengXiaoping,wehave,actinginlinewithChina'snationalconditionsandthetrendoftimes,exploredandblazedatrailofdevelopmentandestablishedsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Ouraimistobuildasocialistmarketeconomy,democracy,anadvancedculture,aharmonioussociety,andasoundeco-system;upholdsocialequityandjustice,promoteall-rounddevelopmentofthepeople,pursuepeacefuldevelopment,completethebuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects,andeventuallyachievemodernizationandensureprosperityforall.TheuniquenessofChina'sculture,tradition,historyandcircumstancesdeterminesthatChinaneedstofollowadevelopmentpaththatsuitsitsownreality.Infactwehavefoundsuchapath,andachievedsuccessalongthispath.

2.

中國(guó)是正在發(fā)生深刻變革的國(guó)家。我們的先人早就提出了“天行健，君子以自強(qiáng)不息”的思想，強(qiáng)調(diào)要“茍日新，日日新，又日新”。在激烈的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中前行，就如同逆水行舟，不進(jìn)則退。改革是由問題倒逼而產(chǎn)生，又在不斷解決問題中而深化。我們強(qiáng)調(diào)，改革開放只有進(jìn)行時(shí)、沒有完成時(shí)。中國(guó)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入改革的深水區(qū)，需要解決的都是難啃的硬骨頭，這個(gè)時(shí)候需要“明知山有虎，偏向虎山行”的勇氣，不斷把改革推向前進(jìn)。我們推進(jìn)改革的原則是膽子要大、步子要穩(wěn)?！皥D難于其易，為大干其細(xì)。天下難事，必作于易；天下大事，必作于細(xì)?！彪S著中國(guó)改革不斷推進(jìn)，中國(guó)必將繼續(xù)發(fā)生深刻變化。同時(shí)，我也相信，中國(guó)全面深化改革，不僅將為中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供強(qiáng)大推動(dòng)力量，而且將為世界帶來新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。總之，觀察和認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)，歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)都要看，物質(zhì)和精神也都要看。中華民族5000多年文明史，中國(guó)人民近代以來170多年斗爭(zhēng)史，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨90多年奮斗史，中華人民共和國(guó)60多年發(fā)展史，改革開放30多年探索史，這些歷史一脈相承，不可割裂。脫離了中國(guó)的歷史，脫離了中國(guó)的文化，脫離了中國(guó)人的精神世界，脫離了當(dāng)代中國(guó)的深刻變革，是難以正確認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)的。正確答案：Chinaisacountryundergoingprofoundchanges.Ourancestorstoldusthatasheavenmaintainsvigorthroughmovement,agentlemanshouldconstantlystriveforself-perfection.Andthatifonecanmakethingsbetterforoneday,heshouldmakethembettereveryday.Beingfacedwithfierceinternationalcompetition,thisislikesailingagainstthecurrent.Oneeitherforgesaheadorfallsbehind.Reformwhichwasfirstforceduponusbyproblemsgoesdeeperinaddressingtheproblems.Weknowkeenlythatreformandopeningupisanongoingprocessthatwewillneverstop.China'sreformhasenteredadeepwaterzone,whereproblemscryingtoberesolvedarealldifficultones.Weneedthecouragetomovethereformforward;touseaChinesesayingwemustgetreadytogotothemonutain,beingfullyawaretheremightbetigerstoencounter.Theprinciplewehavelaiddownforreformistoactwithcouragewhilemovingforwardwithsteadysteps.AswesayinChina,hewhowantstoaccomplishabiggeranddifficultundertaking,heshouldstartwitheasierthingsfirstandmakesurethatalldetailsareattendedto.Withthedeepeningofreform,Chinawillcontinuetoundergoprofoundchanges.IbelievethatoureffortsofdeepeningreformcomprehensivelywillnotonlyprovidestrongmomentumforChina'smodernizationdrive,butalsobringnewdevelopmentopportunitiestotheworld.ToobserveandunderstandChinaproperly,oneneedstobearinmindbothChina'spastandpresentanddrawreferencebothChina'saccomplishmentsandChinesewayofthinking.The5,000yearlongChinesecivilization,the170-yearstrugglebytheChinesepeoplesincemoderntimes,the90-year-plusjourneyoftheCommunistPartyofChina,the60-year-plusdevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,and30-year-plusreformandopening-up,shouldallbetakenintoaccount.TheyeachmakeanintegralpartofChina'shistoryandnoneshouldbetakenoutofhistoricalcontext.OnecanhardlyunderstandChinawellwithoutaproperunderstandingofChina'shistory,culture,Chinesewayofthinking,andtheprofoundchangestakingplaceinChinatoday.

3.

中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化是中華民族的突出優(yōu)勢(shì)，是我們?cè)谑澜缥幕な幹姓痉€(wěn)腳跟的根基，是我們最深厚的文化軟實(shí)力，要立足中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，弘揚(yáng)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，建設(shè)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承體系，創(chuàng)造中華文化新的輝煌。道教植根于中華文化土壤，是我國(guó)唯一土生土長(zhǎng)的宗教，是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。道教以“道”為最高信仰，主張尊道貴德、天人合一、重生貴和、抱樸守真等，既是道教的基本教義，同時(shí)也充分反映了中國(guó)人的精神生活、信仰心理和價(jià)值取向。道教已在世界上20多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)落地生根，在我國(guó)以及海外華人華僑中信仰群體龐大、影響深入。通過舉辦論壇，展示道教獨(dú)特的文化魅力，大力宣傳和弘揚(yáng)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，有利于提升中華道教文化的國(guó)際影響力，擴(kuò)大其在世界上的影響，提升我國(guó)的文化軟實(shí)力；有利于為中華文明傳承、為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)、為人類福祉作積極貢獻(xiàn)。要堅(jiān)決按照國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)論壇慶典活動(dòng)的要求和國(guó)際會(huì)議慣例安排會(huì)議各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，力求精簡(jiǎn)、高效，簡(jiǎn)化形式、注重內(nèi)涵，達(dá)到既隆重莊嚴(yán)，又簡(jiǎn)潔質(zhì)樸的效果，高質(zhì)量辦好論壇。正確答案：TheChinesenationstandsapartfromthecrowdofnations/differentiatesitselffromtherestoftheworldbyitsextraordinarytraditionalculture.ThefinetraditionsecuresourfootholdintheglobalculturaldynamicsandservesasthemostprofoundsoftpoweroftheChinesenation.Thatdictatesasoundsystemthatenablesustobuildontheoutstandingculturalheritageandscalenewheightsdowntheroad.TaoismisrootedinthesoiloftheChineseculture.AstheoneandonlyindigenousreligiousfaithinChina,TaoismconstitutesanessentialpartofChina'straditionalculture.ThepursuitoftheWay,orTaoinChinese,isaparamountcreedofTaoism.Taoismvaluesmorality,underscoresharmonybetweenmanandnature,cherisheslifeandpeace,andembracessimplicityandplainness.ThesearefundamentalTaoistdoctrinesthatgivebestexpressiontothementalstate,religiousfaithandvalueorientationoftheChinesepeople.Asareligionthatenjoysanextensivepresenceinover20countriesandregions,TaoismboastsnumerousfollowersamongtheChinesecommunityinChinaandbeyond.Assuch,thisforumisdesignedtoexhibittheuniqueculturalcharmofTaoismandpromotethefinetraditionalcultureoftheChinesenation.ThisgatheringwillservetospreadtheglobalinfluenceofTaoistcultureandelevateChina'ssoftpower.ItwillalsogoalongwaytotheadvancementoftheChinesecivilization,thefulfilmentoftheChinesedreamofgrandnationalrejuvenation,andimprovementinthewell-beingofhumanity.ProceedingsoftheforumareorganizedbothinafrugalwayasrequiredbytheStateCouncilandinlinewithcommonpracticesregardinginternationalconferences.Wearehostingthiseventinaminimalyetefficientmannerbyrejectingformalismandstressingpragmatism.Ourgoalistostageanenablingforumthatisassolemnassimple.

4.

道教以道為最高信仰，而道在人身上的體現(xiàn)則是德。論壇主題為“行道立德、濟(jì)世利人”，就是要躬行踐履道教的教義思想，充分發(fā)揮道教的正能量。論壇五大亮點(diǎn)：一是本屆論壇舉辦地龍虎山為道教發(fā)源地之一，是道教正一派祖庭所在地、歷代天師居住的地方。二是本屆論壇突出道教文化本色。論壇開、閉幕式將凸顯道教元素，音樂、武術(shù)、祈福法會(huì)、養(yǎng)生演示人員大多來自道教界。增加了《道教養(yǎng)生方法精粹》一書的首發(fā)式，安排了道醫(yī)義診活動(dòng)等。三是本屆論壇更具有國(guó)際性和廣泛性。論壇共邀請(qǐng)了來自美國(guó)、日本、韓國(guó)、英國(guó)、德國(guó)、法國(guó)、比利時(shí)、西班牙、墨西哥等20多個(gè)國(guó)家和我國(guó)港澳臺(tái)地區(qū)的道教修煉者、道教文化愛好者、專家學(xué)者、社會(huì)知名人士等出席。四是本屆論壇更加注重用好新媒體。主辦方為本次論壇特別制作了網(wǎng)站專題，開通了微博，利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)新媒體即時(shí)宣傳論壇進(jìn)展情況，擴(kuò)大社會(huì)知曉度。五是本次論壇更加注重挖掘“可視性”。主辦方安排了三場(chǎng)電視論壇，分別為“文化之道”、“養(yǎng)生之道”、“天人之道”，特邀著名高道大德、專家學(xué)者、社會(huì)賢達(dá)參與，共同探討交流道教的誠(chéng)信理念、慈愛思想及生態(tài)智慧等。正確答案：AstheoverarchingcreedofTaoism,theWayismanifestedinmoralitywhenitcomestohumanity.Thethemeoftheforum,"PracticetheMoralWaytotheBenefitofOthers",challengesustolivetheTaoistcreedandmaximizethepositiveenergyofTaoism.TheForumstandsoutinfiveaspects.First,MountLonghu,whichisthevenueofthisforum,isoneofthebirthplacesofTaoismandtheoriginofZhengyi(exactone)Sect.ItisalsohometothemansionofTaoistmastersforgenerations.Taoistculturewillbehighlightedatboththeopeningandclosingceremonies,asmusic,martialart,blessingprayerandregimenpresentationwillbelargelyperformedbyTaoists.Alsoontheagendaareth