Unit 4 《Reading for Writing》課件2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期英語人教版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)

Unit4NaturalDisastersReadingforWriting【文本研讀】Ⅰ.文本整體理解:快速瀏覽文章1.Wherecanthispassagemostprobablybeseen?A.Amonthlymagazine.B.Adailynewspaper.C.Atravelbrochure.D.agovernmentwebsite.答案:B2.Findoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.A.TheseriousdamagetoSouthAsia.B.Thetsunamicausedbyanearthquakeanditsdamage.C.Thefollowingeffectandtherescue.Paragraph1

______Paragraph2 ______Paragraph3 ______

B

A

C

Ⅱ.文本細(xì)節(jié)理解:關(guān)注特色表達(dá)1.Onwhichdaydidthetsunamihappen?A.December27.

B.December26.C.OnMonday. D.OnTuesday.2.Wheredidtheearthquakehappen?A.AlongthecoastlineacrossAsia.B.OffthewestcoastofSumatraIsland.C.OnthesoutherncoastofIndia.D.InthesouthernThailand.3.HowmanydeathscausedbythetsunamiinIndonesiawerementionedinthisreport?A.About2,498 B.Asmanyas1,900.C.Morethan4,300 D.Morethan4,700.4.Whichistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Thetsunamiwascausedbythemostpowerfulearthquakeever.B.TheearthquakestruckrightonSumatraIsland.C.Foreignaidcan’treachthedamagedareabecauseofthedangerouscondition.D.ThesoutherncoastofIndiawasaffectedbythetsunamiaswell.答案:1~4.BBBD【概要寫作】題型介紹概要寫作,簡(jiǎn)言之就是對(duì)所讀過的文章簡(jiǎn)要概括,寫出文章的中心大意,也可稱之為摘要。所選材料體裁沒有限制,以說明文、議論文和記敘文為主。所需閱讀的短文詞數(shù)在350以內(nèi)?！緦懽髦笇?dǎo)】【寫作步驟】1.分析文本的結(jié)構(gòu);2.尋找各段的中心句;3.用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述各段的中心句。【寫作要求】1.對(duì)原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況;2.應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性;3.上下文的連貫性;4.對(duì)各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況;5.詞數(shù)60詞左右。【寫作模板】1.描寫某事物的性質(zhì)功能。即“對(duì)象+性質(zhì)功能+利弊”:(inthepassage)thewriterintroduces...tous,especiallyits...,fromwhichweknow...2.針對(duì)某個(gè)問題提出解決方法或措施。即“問題+解決方法”:Thepassagetellsus...Sotheauthortellsushowto...,including...

3.介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因、結(jié)果。即“現(xiàn)象+原因+結(jié)果”:Theauthortalksabout...Itiscausedby...Asaresult(consequently),...【知識(shí)延伸】1.概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí),略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。2.安排好篇幅的比例,概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào),即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容,用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。3.注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接,要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文,切忌只簡(jiǎn)單地寫出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每?jī)删渲g都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語,以免顯得生硬。4.不排斥用原文的某些詞句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá),至少對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換,如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)更好。5.計(jì)算詞數(shù),看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。【典題演練】閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryⅣ,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.

Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好處)ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.【謀篇】(一)要點(diǎn)連接分析并總結(jié)各段落的要點(diǎn)之后,要把這些要點(diǎn)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞進(jìn)行連接,使上下句之間具有連貫性。本篇文章是總分的結(jié)構(gòu),要點(diǎn)2和要點(diǎn)3在觀點(diǎn)上截然相反,因此需要表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞,范文用了However恰到好處。要點(diǎn)3和要點(diǎn)4在觀點(diǎn)上又存在不同,因此,使用表轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞though,而不再用However,可以避免三句話內(nèi)出現(xiàn)兩次However。(二)關(guān)鍵詞匯第一段:fixed(固定的;不變的);第二段:means(手段,方法),blockout(擋住),openup(打開),upon(……之后;立即);第三段:long-lived(長(zhǎng)期存在的),selltheidea(說服某人接受某個(gè)觀點(diǎn));第四段:warnsb.off(警告某人不要靠近),position(觀點(diǎn)),gainsomeground(取得優(yōu)勢(shì))。以上這些關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)于整篇文章的理解與轉(zhuǎn)化成自己的語言都很關(guān)鍵,如果不能準(zhǔn)確領(lǐng)會(huì)其用意,語篇理解的效果會(huì)大打折扣。所以,概要寫作的基礎(chǔ)是理解語篇,而讀懂語篇的基礎(chǔ)是詞匯,尤其是對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞匯的掌握與運(yùn)用。在此基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運(yùn)用語法與句法結(jié)構(gòu),按照行文邏輯組織語言,形成概要。要點(diǎn)分析1.文章第一段的最后一句是本篇文章的主題句,亮明了總的觀點(diǎn):However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.換句話說:Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsdirt.再結(jié)合下文談到的主題可知Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsdirtontheskin.要點(diǎn)1“Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.”概括非常精煉。2.第二段主要談到了在16世紀(jì),人們認(rèn)為dirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,尤以英、法兩國(guó)的貴族為代表。結(jié)合第三段第一句Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversince18thcentury.可知,直到18世紀(jì)之前,人們都認(rèn)為dirt是很“友好的”,有助于預(yù)防疾病。要點(diǎn)2“Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.”很好地總結(jié)了這些要點(diǎn)。3.第三段用Though引出人們對(duì)dirt觀點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變“...sincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.”再結(jié)合本段最后一部分Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea...可得出要點(diǎn)3“However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.”4.文章最后一段第一句指出,現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)于dirt的態(tài)度還是有所不同,Onthecontrary引出專家的觀點(diǎn),一位免疫學(xué)家認(rèn)為dirt有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)。這一觀點(diǎn)獲得了一些支持。要點(diǎn)4“Somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem,though.”表達(dá)很恰當(dāng)?！境善?/p>

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.(要點(diǎn)1)Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.(要點(diǎn)2)However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudesto_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

dirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.(要點(diǎn)3).Somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem,though.(要點(diǎn)4)1.supplyn.[pl.]補(bǔ)給品;供應(yīng)(量);補(bǔ)給vt.供應(yīng);供給*Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)

提供給災(zāi)區(qū)的物資是從全國(guó)各地籌集來的。*Theheartoftheproblemissupplyanddemand.問題的核心是供求關(guān)系。*Thereisagoodsupplyofbooksinthecupboard.櫥柜里有許多書。*Nowwesupplypowertonine-tenthsofthecity’shomes.現(xiàn)在我們向這個(gè)城市十分之九的家庭提供電力。*Thecompanysupplieduswithmoneyfortheproject.公司為我們提供款項(xiàng)來做那項(xiàng)工程?！菊Z塊積累】(1)supplyanddemand供求關(guān)系agood/largesupplyof許多把某物提供/供應(yīng)給某人/某處【即學(xué)活用】(1)Howlongwillour___________holdout?我們的儲(chǔ)糧還能維持多久?(2)Thatshophas_______________shoes.那家商店貯存有大量的鞋子。foodsuppliesalargesupplyof(3)We_________________moneyandclothes.我們供給他們金錢和衣服。(4)Inourcitymilk____________eachhouseinbottle.在我們的城市,供應(yīng)給各戶的牛奶是瓶裝的。suppliedthemwithissuppliedto2.survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艱難度過*Isitenoughtohavesurvivedforalongtime?只是存在的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)就足夠了嗎?*Ofallthemuseum’spaintings,onlyonesurvivedthefire.此次火災(zāi)中,該博物館的全部藏畫僅有一幅幸免于難。*Theycansurviveonverylittlemoney.他們用很少的錢就可以生存。*Therewasonlyonesurvivorfromtheplanecrash.這次飛機(jī)失事只有一個(gè)幸存者。*Weneedfoodandwaterforsurvival.我們?yōu)榱松嫘枰澄锖退！菊Z塊積累】(1)survivesth.幸免于;從……中挺過來/活過來surviveon 依靠……生存下來(2)survivor n.幸存者survival n.[U]幸存;[C]殘存物【熟詞生義】*Hediedin1940,buthiswifesurvivedhimbyanother20years. (

)他在1940年去世,但他的妻子比他多活了20年。vt.比……活得長(zhǎng)【名師點(diǎn)津】

survive易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)survive表示“幸免于”時(shí),是及物動(dòng)詞,因而不要加多余的介詞in,from等?！炯磳W(xué)活用】語境填詞 (1)Itisnecessarythatwemastersomebasicskills,whichwillgreatlyincreaseourchancesof_______.Luckily,I________theterriblecarcrashlastweekandIwastheonly________oftheaccident.(survive)survivalsurvivedsurvivor(2)Theoldladysurvived___averylimiteddiet,butshesurvivedherhusband___tenyears.

onby3.aidn.援助;幫助;救援物資vi.&vt.幫助;援助*Amanimmediatelyrushedtothegirltogiveherfirstaidwithouthesitation.一位男士毫不猶豫地沖過去對(duì)那女孩進(jìn)行急救。*Icouldn’tspeakanyFrench,butanicemancametomyaidandtoldmehowtogo.我不會(huì)說法語,但是一位好心的男士來幫助我并告訴我怎么走。*Wemaytravelwiththeaidofagoodmap.我們可以靠著好的地圖旅行。*Hewasdeterminedtoaidthepoorboyincontinuinghisstudy.他決定要幫助這個(gè)可憐的男孩繼續(xù)他的學(xué)業(yè)。*Hermotheraidedhertodress.她母親幫她穿衣服?！菊Z塊積累】(1)givesb.firstaid對(duì)某人進(jìn)行急救performfirstaid 施行急救come/gotoone’said 幫助某人withtheaidof 在……的幫助下(2)aidsb.in(doing)sth. 在(做)某事方面幫助某人aidsb.withsth. 以某事/物幫助某人aidsb.todosth. 幫助某人做某事【即學(xué)活用】語法填空(1)_____theaidofourEnglishteacher,wehavemadegreatprogressthisterm.(2)Tom’suncleaidedhim__gettinganewjob.

Within(3)Adictionarycanaidhim_______(learn)Englishwell.

(4)Theyaidedthepoor____foodandclothes.tolearnwith4.strikevi.&vt.侵襲;突擊;擊打n.

罷工;罷課;襲擊*Theunderseaquakestruckaround7:00amSundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia’sSumatraIsland.這場(chǎng)海底地震于星期天早上大約7點(diǎn)在印度尼西亞的蘇門答臘島西海岸爆發(fā)。*ItstruckmethatIwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.我突然想起來我明天在上海有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。*Thevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyofthetouristarea.游客被旅游區(qū)的美景迷住了。*Tomstruckhislittlesisterintheface.湯姆打了他小妹妹的臉。*Theworkersdecidedtogoonstrikeforhigherpay.工人們決定為爭(zhēng)取更高的工資而罷工?！菊Z塊積累】(1)Itstrikes/strucksb.that...(某人)突然想到……bestruckby 被……打動(dòng)/迷住了strike...intoone’sheart 使……刻骨銘心strikesb.+介詞+the+身體部位 打某人的某處(2)beonstrike 在罷工goonstrike 舉行罷工【熟詞生義】Myheartstruckheavilywhenitwasmyturntoanswerthequestions. (

)當(dāng)輪到我回答問題時(shí),我的心怦怦直跳。vi.心跳【即學(xué)活用】(1)_______________thephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.我忽然想到我告訴他們的電話號(hào)碼是錯(cuò)的。(2)Iftheinterestsoftheworkersarenotconsidered,they’ll___________nextweek.如果工人的利益得不到考慮,下周他們會(huì)繼續(xù)罷工。Itstruckmethatgoonstrike(3)_________strongflood,theareafacedwaterandelectricityshortage. 受到洪水的襲擊,這個(gè)地區(qū)面臨著缺水和停電。Struckby5.delivervt.&vi.遞送;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表*Thepostmanatlastdeliveredtheletterwehadbeenwaitingfor.郵遞員總算把我們盼望已久的信送到了。*Heearnedhislivingbydeliveringlecturesthroughoutthecountry.他靠在全國(guó)各地巡回演講謀生。*Wehadabigdeliveryofbooksyesterday.昨天我們收到大批訂購的書?！菊Z塊積累】(1)deliversth.tosb.把某物傳遞給某人deliveraspeech/lecture 發(fā)表演說(2)delivery n.遞送;交付【熟詞生義】*Shewassafelydeliveredofaboyintheearlyhoursofthismorning. (

)她今天清晨順利生下一個(gè)男孩。vt.接生【名師點(diǎn)津】拒絕雙賓語的deliver

deliver后不接雙賓語,即不能說deliversb.sth.,只能說deliversth.tosb.。【即學(xué)活用】(1)Theheadmaster__________________________atthemeetingyesterday.在昨天的會(huì)議上校長(zhǎng)發(fā)表了重要演說。(2)Please____________________mymother.請(qǐng)把這個(gè)包裹交給我母親。deliveredanimportantspeechdeliverthispackageto(3)He________________tothestudents.他給學(xué)生們開辦了一次講座。

deliveredalecture6.effectn.影響;結(jié)果;效果*Therainhashadaverybadeffectonthecrops.這場(chǎng)雨極其嚴(yán)重地影響了莊稼(的生長(zhǎng))。*Thetwomethodsareineffectofthesame.這兩個(gè)方法實(shí)際上是一樣的。*TheactwaspassedbyCongressandcameintoeffectinAugust,1980.這項(xiàng)法令由國(guó)會(huì)通過,于1980年8月實(shí)施。*Themedicineisaneffectivecureforaheadache.這藥治頭痛療效很好?！菊Z塊積累】(1)haveaneffecton/upon對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響comeintoeffect 生效takeeffect 生效ineffect 事實(shí)上;實(shí)際上sideeffect 副作用(2)effective adj.有效的;有影響的【即學(xué)活用】用effect的相關(guān)短語填空(1)Themedicine__________________yourdisease.

這藥物對(duì)你的病療效很大。(2)Hisreplyis_______anapology.

他的答復(fù)事實(shí)上是一種道歉。hadagreateffectonineffect(3)Thesporthasa_________onchildren.

這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)兒童有副作用。(4)Thenewtaxlawwillnot_______________________untilJanuary.

新稅法到1月份才生效。sideeffecttakeeffect/comeintoeffect7.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.

我和我的三個(gè)孩子正在吃飯,這時(shí)水開始溢進(jìn)我的家里?！揪涫浇鈽?gòu)】該句式為bedoing...when...結(jié)構(gòu),表示:“正在做……,這時(shí)突然……”,when為并列連詞,表示“這時(shí);突然”,相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。*Jackwasdoingsomeshoppinginasupermarketwhentheearthquakehappened.杰克正在超市購物,突然發(fā)生了地震?！局R(shí)拓展】beabouttodo...when...正要做……這時(shí)……beonthepointofdoing...when... 正要做……這時(shí)……h(huán)ad(just)done...when... 剛做完……這時(shí)……*Theywereabouttogiveup/onthepointofgivingupwhentheteacherencouragedthemtocontinue.他們快要放棄努力時(shí),老師鼓勵(lì)他們繼續(xù)下去。*Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.昨天她剛做完作業(yè),她媽媽就讓她練習(xí)彈鋼琴。【即學(xué)活用】句式仿寫(1)約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí),這時(shí)他聽到了一聲尖叫。John____________inhisroom_____heheardscreaming.

(2)我正想著這件事,突然聽到有人叫我的名字。______________________________________________wasstudyingwhenIwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.

【要點(diǎn)拾遺】1.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出*Anactivevolcanomayeruptatanytime.活火山隨時(shí)可能噴發(fā)。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)*Theirtalkeruptedintoquarrel.他們的談話突然變成爭(zhēng)吵。*Steameruptedfromthegeyser.蒸汽從熱水鍋爐里冒出。【語塊積累】(1)eruptinto突然變?yōu)?發(fā)展成eruptfrom 從……噴出(2)eruption n.爆發(fā),噴發(fā)【即學(xué)活用】語法填空(1)Laughtererupted_____theaudience.(2)It’smanyyearssinceMountVesuviuslast_______(erupt).(3)Then,withoutwarning,sheerupts____laughter.(4)Hisdeathcausedan________(erupt)ofangerandviolence.

fromeruptedintoeruption2.powern.電力供應(yīng);能量;力量;控制力*Thenewpresidentcameintopowerlastmonth.新總統(tǒng)上個(gè)月開始執(zhí)政。*Theraisingof5,000yuanfortheschoolwasataskbeyondtheirpower.要為學(xué)?；I集五千塊錢是一項(xiàng)超出他們能力的任務(wù)。*Ourcountryhasneverbeensopowerfulasitistoday.我們的國(guó)家從未像今天這樣強(qiáng)大。【語塊積累】(1)cometo/intopower上臺(tái);開始執(zhí)政inpower 掌權(quán),執(zhí)政inone’spower 在某人的能力范圍內(nèi)beyond/outofone’spower 超出某人能力范圍electricpower 電力powerstation 發(fā)電站powerfailure 停電(2)powerful adj.強(qiáng)大的;有影響力的;有勢(shì)力的powerless adj.無力的;無權(quán)的;無效能的【名師點(diǎn)津】短暫的cometopowercometo/intopower是表示短暫性動(dòng)作的短語,在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中,不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用,可以換成beinpower。例如:他上臺(tái)執(zhí)政已5年了。①Hecameintopowerfiveyearsago.②Hehasbeeninpowerforfiveyears.③Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehecameintopower.

【即學(xué)活用】用power的相關(guān)短語填空(1)Suchthingsare_____________________.

這些事不在我力所能及的范圍之內(nèi)。(2)Thenewpresidenthasbeen________forsixmonths.

新總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政六個(gè)月了。beyond/outofmypowerinpower(3)Assoonastheirparty_______________theychangedthelaw.

他們的黨一上臺(tái),他們就開始修改法律。(4)Thetownwasblackedoutdueto____________.

這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)由于停電變得一片漆黑。cameintopowerpowerfailure3.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的;沉著的vt.

使平靜;使鎮(zhèn)靜*Thefamousdoctorisgoingtosetouttoperformtheoperation,sopleasekeepcalm.那位著名的醫(yī)生就要開始做手術(shù),因此請(qǐng)保持鎮(zhèn)靜。*Themusicmadethemcalmer,andtheirtalkwasmuchbetter.音樂讓他們更鎮(zhèn)靜了,他們的談話也更順暢了。*Whenthenursecameinthecryingbabycalmeddownverysoon.當(dāng)護(hù)士進(jìn)來時(shí),那個(gè)哭泣的嬰兒很快安靜下來?！菊Z塊積累】keep/staycalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜calmdown 使平靜下來【知識(shí)拓展】calm“風(fēng)平浪靜的”,指人時(shí),表示鎮(zhèn)定自如。quiet“寧靜的,安靜的,寂靜的”側(cè)重沒有聲響,沒有噪音和動(dòng)靜,指人時(shí)側(cè)重性格溫和、文靜。silent“沉默的,不說話的”,常表示人不愛說話,沉默無語。still“不動(dòng)的”,指人時(shí)側(cè)重一動(dòng)不動(dòng),指物時(shí)表示完全沒有聲音,突出靜止不動(dòng)?！炯磳W(xué)活用】用calm的相關(guān)短語填空(1)Itisveryimportantto_________whenanearthquakebreaksout.

當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí),保持鎮(zhèn)定是非常重要的。(2)Ifyoudon’t__________,you’regoingtohaveaheartattack.

你如果不平靜下來,就會(huì)心臟病發(fā)作。keepcalmcalmdown【拓展訓(xùn)練】選詞填空(calm/quiet/silent/still)(1)Hewas_____foramoment,thenbeganhisanswer.

(2)Ikepttellingmyselftokeep_____beforethespeaking.

silentcalm(3)Itisbecausehisfeetmoveon,buthisheadstays____.(4)Thosebooksmustbemovedagain,whilethecitywas_____.stillquiet4.onhand現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)*Thedepartmentwillhaveexpertsonhandtogiveyouallthehelpyouneed.這個(gè)部門將有現(xiàn)成的專家給你提供你需要的所有幫助。*Theexaminationsareathand,heisverynervous.考試在即,他很緊張。*Iheardaboutitatfirsthandfrommyneighbour.我是直接從我的鄰居那里聽來的。*Hebroughtupthechildbyhand.那孩子是他親手帶大的。*Wemustdealwiththesituationbeforeitgetsoutofhand.我們應(yīng)在局面變得無法控制前找到對(duì)策。*Thechildrenwalkdownthestreethandinhand.孩子們手拉手在街上散步?！緦?dǎo)圖理詞】【即學(xué)活用】根據(jù)語境猜測(cè)詞義(1)Soonschoolwillendandthesummervacationwillbeathand. ()(2)Wewishedtoobtaininformationatfirsthand.()(3)Let’spickofftheinsectsbyhand.()即將到來第一手地用手(4)Theboyisgettingoutofhand. ()(5)Theoryshouldgohandinhandwithpractice.()(6)Ontheotherhand,manywomenchoosetogoouttowork. ()無法控制聯(lián)合起來另一方面5.sweepaway消滅;徹底消除*Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquake.漁民、游客、旅館,家園以及汽車都被地震引起的巨大海浪沖走了。*Theysaytheywillsweepawaythemethodsandintroducenewones.他們說要廢除這些方法而采用新方法?！菊Z塊積累】【即學(xué)活用】(1)Thefloods__________partofthebank.

洪水沖垮了一部分堤岸。(2)Thewind___________________.

風(fēng)吹走了樹葉。sweptawayswepttheleavesaway(3)Thebridge______________bythefloods.

橋被洪水沖走了。wassweptaway6.standatsth.達(dá)到特定(數(shù)量、高度等)*InSriLanka,some1,600kilometreswestofthequakecentre,thenumberofdeaths

stoodat2,498.在斯里蘭卡震中以西約1600千米處,死亡人數(shù)高達(dá)2498人。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)*Hejuststoodasideandallowedittohappen.他只是冷眼旁觀,允許它發(fā)生。*Onewhostandsbyyouintimesoftroubleisyourtruefriend.困難時(shí)幫助你的人才是真正的朋友。*Inthissecretcodeeachnumberstandsforaletterofthealphabet.在這組密碼中,每個(gè)號(hào)碼代表字母表中的一個(gè)字母?！菊Z塊積累】standaside站到一邊standby 站在旁邊,袖手旁觀;支持,支援standbehind 支持standfor 代表,表示standout 顯眼,引人注目;超群,優(yōu)秀【即學(xué)活用】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空(1)Ihopeyoudon’texpectmejusttostand_____.(2)We’vegottostand_________theminthisstruggle.(3)Thissymbolstands___strengthandintegrity.

(4)Herbrightredhairmadeherstand___fromtheothers.asidebehind/byforout7.However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.

然而,危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境和被毀的道路將使得食物和用品很難送達(dá)?！揪涫浇鈽?gòu)】本句為簡(jiǎn)單句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+make+it+adj.+forsb.+todo,其中it為形式賓語,adj.作賓語補(bǔ)足語,真正賓語為后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語,for用來引出不定式的邏輯主語。*Themoneymadeitpossibleforhimtotravelabroad.這筆錢使得他出國(guó)旅行成為可能。*Iwillmakeiteasierforpeopletousecomputers.我要讓人們更容易地使用電腦。【知識(shí)拓展】“make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)(1)make+賓語+名詞*Mostpopsingersmakemusictheircareer.大多數(shù)流行歌手把音樂當(dāng)作他們的職業(yè)。(2)make+賓語+形容詞*Hissuccessmadehismotherveryhappy.他的成功讓母親很開心。(3)make+賓語+不帶to的不定式*Nobodymadeusgotobedatacertaintime.沒有人讓我們?cè)谀骋还潭〞r(shí)間就寢。(4)make+賓語+過去分詞*Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecouldmakehimselfheard.那個(gè)老師提高了嗓門以便別人能聽到他。(5)make+賓語+介詞短語*Youmadehimintoanhonestone.你使他成為一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。(6)make+形式賓語it+形容詞或名詞+從句(作真正的賓語)*Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.他們要向公眾表明,他們所做的工作不但重要,而且是必不可少的?！炯磳W(xué)活用】(1)Iwantto_____________toyounottowastetime.

我要讓你知道不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。(2)Thismethodcan__________________tofinishthework.

這種方法能使你更容易完成工作。makeitknownmakeiteasyforyou【導(dǎo)語】

本文節(jié)選自英國(guó)小說家尼爾·蓋曼的《墳場(chǎng)之書》。尼爾·蓋曼是近十年來歐美文壇崛起的最耀眼的明星,被視為新一代幻想文學(xué)的代表。其創(chuàng)作領(lǐng)域橫跨幻想小說、科幻小說、恐怖小說、兒童小說、漫畫以及歌詞。他的作品部部暢銷。HowNobodyCametotheGraveyard

Therewasahandinthedarkness,anditheldaknife.

Theknifehadahandleofpolishedblackbone,andabladefinerandsharperthananyrazor.Ifitslicedyou,youmightnotevenknowyouhadbeencut,notimmediately.

Theknifehaddonealmosteverythingitwasbroughttothathousetodo,andboththebladeandthehandlewerewet.

Thestreetdoorwasstillopen,justalittle,wheretheknifeandthemanwhoheldithadslippedin,andwispsofnight-timemistslitheredandtwinedintothehousethroughtheopendoor.

ThemanJackpausedonthelanding.Withhislefthandhepulledalargewhitehandkerchieffromthepocketofhisblackcoat,andwithithewipedofftheknifeandhisglovedrighthandwhichhadbeenholdingit;thenheputthehandkerchiefaway.Thehuntwasalmostover.Hehadleftthewomaninherbed,themanonthebedroomfloor,theolderchildinherbrightlycoloredbedroom,surroundedbytoysandhalf-finishedmodels.Thatonlyleftthelittleone,ababybarelyatoddler,totakecareof.Onemoreandhistaskwouldbedone.

Heflexedhisfingers.ThemanJackwas,aboveallthings,aprofessional,orsohetoldhimself,andhewouldnotallowhimselftosmileuntilthejobwascompleted.

Hishairwasdarkandhiseyesweredarkandheworeblackleatherglovesofthethinnestlambskin.

Thetoddler’sroomwasattheverytopofthehouse.ThemanJackwalkedupthestairs,hisfeetsilentonthecarpeting.Thenhepushedopentheatticdoor,andhewalkedin.Hi