第16講 閱讀理解推理判斷題（講義）-2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（新教材新高考）含答案及解析

?第16講推理判斷題（講義）【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】熟練語(yǔ)篇類型和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)明確命題規(guī)律和提問(wèn)方式掌握不同題型的解題方法掌握閱讀理解高頻同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換【考情分析】近三年新高考閱讀理解推理判斷理題細(xì)目表卷別年份202320222021新高考I卷766新高考II卷742【網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】推理判斷題概述命題規(guī)律：推理判斷題是高考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一,包括推理和判斷兩個(gè)方面，是考生失分率較高的題型?？疾榭忌高^(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度、意圖作出正確推理判斷的能力。分析今年高考題可知，推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，且由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義詞及長(zhǎng)難句來(lái)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。預(yù)計(jì)2024年高考推理判斷題仍舊占比7題左右。題型和考查角度：1.高頻考點(diǎn)：隱含意義、寫(xiě)作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。2.低頻考點(diǎn)：文章出處、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、目標(biāo)讀者。預(yù)計(jì)2024年閱讀理解在應(yīng)用文、說(shuō)明文和記敘文中,更是側(cè)重對(duì)推理判斷題的考查。錯(cuò)誤原因：1.主觀臆斷2.缺乏邏輯3.過(guò)度推理4.缺乏常識(shí)選項(xiàng)特征：正確選項(xiàng)特征例句同義替換對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換，成為正確選項(xiàng)正話反說(shuō)把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化把原文中復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。詞性或語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化改變?cè)闹攸c(diǎn)詞性或語(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。干擾項(xiàng)特征例句張冠李戴為原文內(nèi)容，但與題目文不對(duì)題，不符合題目要求。偷梁換柱在意思上與原文非常相似但在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)上有變動(dòng)。正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。顛倒是非與原文意思大相徑庭或完全相反。無(wú)中生有符合常識(shí)但與原文不符或原文并未提及。擴(kuò)縮范圍以偏概全或以全概偏如：almost,all,nearly,never,completely,等絕對(duì)詞與文章意義不符。知識(shí)點(diǎn)一隱含推斷類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicate（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，設(shè)想)迅速確定題型解題指導(dǎo)：瀏覽選項(xiàng)，首先排除對(duì)原文信息簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，要善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷；整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，才能確定最佳選項(xiàng)。無(wú)論哪種推斷形式必須立足原文，避免主觀臆斷。【真題典例】（2023年新高考I卷B篇）“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.知識(shí)點(diǎn)二觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干中表達(dá)情感的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等，如attitude（態(tài)度），outstanding（優(yōu)秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反對(duì)）,infavorof（贊成）,迅速確定題型。解題指導(dǎo)：認(rèn)真審題，明確“誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)”的態(tài)度，明確答題方向關(guān)注段落首尾句，推斷文章和段落主題，確定觀點(diǎn)注意作者或文中人物的措辭分析修飾語(yǔ)和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)；牢記觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度例詞支持肯定positive(積極的)、supportive(支持的)、optimistic(樂(lè)觀的)humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(熱情的)、pleasant(愉快的)；中立neutral(中立的)、objective(客觀的)、notmentioned(未提及的)、uninterested(不感興趣的)、indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)；否定反對(duì)negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(懷疑的)、disgusted(憎惡的)critical(批評(píng)的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不贊成的)?！菊骖}典例】（2023年新高考II卷D篇）Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.知識(shí)點(diǎn)三寫(xiě)作意圖類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞purpose（目的），intendto（打算），wanttotellus...（想要告訴我們），writethispassageto（寫(xiě)這篇文章為了）迅速確定題型。解題指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者寫(xiě)作意圖；根據(jù)文體推斷寫(xiě)作意圖記敘文：通常會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括性語(yǔ)言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有敘述都圍繞該哲理展開(kāi)（totellastory,toentertainreaders,toshareanexperience...）；應(yīng)用文：文章常對(duì)某事物或服務(wù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，使用具有明顯傾向性的語(yǔ)言（tosell,toattract,topersuade,topromote...）說(shuō)明文：其寫(xiě)作意圖依賴于對(duì)文章主題句的把握，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句（tointroduce,toexplain,toinform,tomakecomparisons...）；議論文：一般開(kāi)頭提出某論點(diǎn)，中間進(jìn)行論證，最后得出結(jié)論，寫(xiě)作意圖常隱含于最后一部分中?！菊骖}典例】（2023年新高考II卷B篇）OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.知識(shí)點(diǎn)四文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)設(shè)題方式迅速確定題型:Thispassagewouldbemostlikelytobefoundin．Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?Thetextisintendedfor．解題指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章的話題和細(xì)節(jié)確定文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象根據(jù)文章的體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章的中心話題廣告：語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔鮮明，有亮點(diǎn)；報(bào)刊：時(shí)事性強(qiáng)，分不同板塊，高考中常以政治、生活的話題為主；雜志：覆蓋生活各個(gè)層面，更貼近幕后，更貼近生活；產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)：對(duì)某產(chǎn)品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介紹；藥品說(shuō)明：說(shuō)明藥品的服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量、禁忌等；網(wǎng)絡(luò)：文體不限，找到clickhere，download，up-load，link，mouse,surf等網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)志【真題典例】1.（2023年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.（2023年新高考I卷A篇）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper. C．Acourseplan. D．Anacademicarticle.考向一隱含推斷題（2023屆福建省廈門一中高三二模試題C篇）Toomuchtimespentongaming,smartphonesandwatchingtelevisionislinkedtoheightenedlevelsanddiagnoses(診斷)ofanxietyordepressioninchildrenasyoungasage2,accordingtoanewstudy.WhatdoweknowaboutTwengeandCampbell’sstudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Itrequiresfurtherresearch.B．Itbringschildrenlesscomfort.C．Itneedsgreaterabilitytofinish.D．Itgeneratesmorepublicconcern.考向二觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題Therearetimeswhenyouareatacriticalcrossroadswithastudentandtheroadyouchoosewillmakeallthedifference.Iknewatthatmomenttherightthingtodowastokneeldownnexttoherchair,andsoftlysay,“You’reright,Laura.Ihaveusedmywordsunwiselyandunkindly.Willyouforgiveme?”Shelookedmeintheeyeandsimplysaid,“Yes,Iforgiveyou,Mrs.Ekre.I’msorry,too.”Whichwordscanbestdescribethewriter?A．Caringbutstubborn. B．Tolerantandopen-minded.C．Strictandchangeable. D．Sincereandflexible.考向三寫(xiě)作意圖題（2023屆湖南省九校聯(lián)盟第二次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題）“Howbeautifulthejasmine(茉莉花)is!Asweetsmellcoversthebuddingtwigs.Sofragrant,sowhite,admiredbyalllips.”ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofquotingthesongJasmineFlower?A．Totellusnottoneglectthesong.B．Toshowthepopularityofthesong.C．Tointroducethetopic—Jasminetea.D．ToclarifytheoriginofJasminetea.考向四文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象題（2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)附中二檢試題）●HowtoEnter:1.Selecthowmanyimagesyouwanttoenter.2.Followthecheck-outprocesstopaytheentryfee.3.Selectyourimagesandupload;clickheretostart.Ifpossible,pleasenameeachimagewithyournameandthecategoryyouaresubmittinglikethis:“FirstName-LastName-Category.jpg”●Deadline:March31,2023Wherecanyouseethistextprobably?A．Inaphotographymagazine. B．InaphotographyguidebookC．Onawebsite. D．InaniPhonemanualbook.（2023年新高考I卷A篇）WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.21.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount. B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours. D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.2.（2023年新高考I卷C篇）Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.

?第16講推理判斷題（講義）【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】熟練語(yǔ)篇類型和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)明確命題規(guī)律和提問(wèn)方式掌握不同題型的解題方法掌握閱讀理解高頻同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換【考情分析】近三年新高考閱讀理解推理判斷理題細(xì)目表卷別年份202320222021新高考I卷766新高考II卷742【網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】推理判斷題概述命題規(guī)律：推理判斷題是高考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一,包括推理和判斷兩個(gè)方面，是考生失分率較高的題型?？疾榭忌高^(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度、意圖作出正確推理判斷的能力。分析今年高考題可知，推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，且由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義詞及長(zhǎng)難句來(lái)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。預(yù)計(jì)2024年高考推理判斷題仍舊占比7題左右。題型和考查角度：1.高頻考點(diǎn)：隱含意義、寫(xiě)作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。2.低頻考點(diǎn)：文章出處、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、目標(biāo)讀者。預(yù)計(jì)2024年閱讀理解在應(yīng)用文、說(shuō)明文和記敘文中,更是側(cè)重對(duì)推理判斷題的考查。錯(cuò)誤原因：1.主觀臆斷2.缺乏邏輯3.過(guò)度推理4.缺乏常識(shí)選項(xiàng)特征：正確選項(xiàng)特征例句同義替換對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換，成為正確選項(xiàng)正話反說(shuō)把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化把原文中復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。詞性或語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化改變?cè)闹攸c(diǎn)詞性或語(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。干擾項(xiàng)特征例句張冠李戴為原文內(nèi)容，但與題目文不對(duì)題，不符合題目要求。偷梁換柱在意思上與原文非常相似但在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)上有變動(dòng)。正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。顛倒是非與原文意思大相徑庭或完全相反。無(wú)中生有符合常識(shí)但與原文不符或原文并未提及。擴(kuò)縮范圍以偏概全或以全概偏如：almost,all,nearly,never,completely,等絕對(duì)詞與文章意義不符。知識(shí)點(diǎn)一隱含推斷類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicate（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，設(shè)想)迅速確定題型解題指導(dǎo)：瀏覽選項(xiàng)，首先排除對(duì)原文信息簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，要善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷；整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，才能確定最佳選項(xiàng)。無(wú)論哪種推斷形式必須立足原文，避免主觀臆斷?！菊骖}典例】（2023年新高考I卷B篇）“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干中表達(dá)情感的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等，如attitude（態(tài)度），outstanding（優(yōu)秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反對(duì)）,infavorof（贊成）,迅速確定題型。解題指導(dǎo)：認(rèn)真審題，明確“誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)”的態(tài)度，明確答題方向關(guān)注段落首尾句，推斷文章和段落主題，確定觀點(diǎn)注意作者或文中人物的措辭分析修飾語(yǔ)和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)；牢記觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度例詞支持肯定positive(積極的)、supportive(支持的)、optimistic(樂(lè)觀的)humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(熱情的)、pleasant(愉快的)；中立neutral(中立的)、objective(客觀的)、notmentioned(未提及的)、uninterested(不感興趣的)、indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)；否定反對(duì)negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(懷疑的)、disgusted(憎惡的)critical(批評(píng)的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不贊成的)?！菊骖}典例】（2023年新高考II卷D篇）Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。知識(shí)點(diǎn)三寫(xiě)作意圖類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞purpose（目的），intendto（打算），wanttotellus...（想要告訴我們），writethispassageto（寫(xiě)這篇文章為了）迅速確定題型。解題指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者寫(xiě)作意圖；根據(jù)文體推斷寫(xiě)作意圖記敘文：通常會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括性語(yǔ)言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有敘述都圍繞該哲理展開(kāi)（totellastory,toentertainreaders,toshareanexperience...）；應(yīng)用文：文章常對(duì)某事物或服務(wù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，使用具有明顯傾向性的語(yǔ)言（tosell,toattract,topersuade,topromote...）說(shuō)明文：其寫(xiě)作意圖依賴于對(duì)文章主題句的把握，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句（tointroduce,toexplain,toinform,tomakecomparisons...）；議論文：一般開(kāi)頭提出某論點(diǎn)，中間進(jìn)行論證，最后得出結(jié)論，寫(xiě)作意圖常隱含于最后一部分中。【真題典例】（2023年新高考II卷B篇）OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.【答案】B【詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年來(lái)，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來(lái)自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來(lái)清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。知識(shí)點(diǎn)四文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象類鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)設(shè)題方式迅速確定題型:Thispassagewouldbemostlikelytobefoundin．Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?Thetextisintendedfor．解題指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章的話題和細(xì)節(jié)確定文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象根據(jù)文章的體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章的中心話題廣告：語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔鮮明，有亮點(diǎn)；報(bào)刊：時(shí)事性強(qiáng)，分不同板塊，高考中常以政治、生活的話題為主；雜志：覆蓋生活各個(gè)層面，更貼近幕后，更貼近生活；產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)：對(duì)某產(chǎn)品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介紹；藥品說(shuō)明：說(shuō)明藥品的服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量、禁忌等；網(wǎng)絡(luò)：文體不限，找到clickhere，download，up-load，link，mouse,surf等網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)志【真題典例】1.（2023年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，再根據(jù)文章第一段“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.(ReadingArt:ArtforBookLovers這一活動(dòng)是為書(shū)籍這一日常物品辦的典禮，這里有來(lái)自世界各地博物館的近三百件藝術(shù)品)”以及第二段第一句“Inthisbookofbooks”可推知，本文最有可能出自一世界各地的收藏品的一本書(shū)。故選A。（2023年新高考I卷A篇）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper. C．Acourseplan. D．Anacademicarticle.【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章將構(gòu)成本課程評(píng)分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法。由此推知，本文是出自一個(gè)課程計(jì)劃。故選C項(xiàng)。考向一隱含推斷題（2023屆福建省廈門一中高三二模試題C篇）Toomuchtimespentongaming,smartphonesandwatchingtelevisionislinkedtoheightenedlevelsanddiagnoses(診斷)ofanxietyordepressioninchildrenasyoungasage2,accordingtoanewstudy.WhatdoweknowaboutTwengeandCampbell’sstudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Itrequiresfurtherresearch.B．Itbringschildrenlesscomfort.C．Itneedsgreaterabilitytofinish.D．Itgeneratesmorepublicconcern.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theywereparticularlyinterestedinassociationsbetweenscreentimeanddiagnosesofanxietyanddepressioninyouth,whichhasnotyetbeenstudiedingreatdetail.(他們對(duì)屏幕使用時(shí)間與青少年焦慮和抑郁診斷之間的關(guān)系特別感興趣，這一點(diǎn)尚未得到詳細(xì)研究。)”可推斷，Twenge和Campbell的研究還需要更進(jìn)一步。故選A。考向二觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題Therearetimeswhenyouareatacriticalcrossroadswithastudentandtheroadyouchoosewillmakeallthedifference.Iknewatthatmomenttherightthingtodowastokneeldownnexttoherchair,andsoftlysay,“You’reright,Laura.Ihaveusedmywordsunwiselyandunkindly.Willyouforgiveme?”Shelookedmeintheeyeandsimplysaid,“Yes,Iforgiveyou,Mrs.Ekre.I’msorry,too.”Whichwordscanbestdescribethewriter?A．Caringbutstubborn. B．Tolerantandopen-minded.C．Strictandchangeable. D．Sincereandflexible.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題，根據(jù)“Iknewatthatmomenttherightthingtodowastokneeldownnexttoherchair,andsoftlysay,“You’reright,Laura.Ihaveusedmywordsunwiselyandunkindly.Willyouforgiveme?”Shelookedmeintheeyeandsimplysaid,“Yes,Iforgiveyou,Mrs.Ekre.I’msorry,too.”(我知道那一刻正確的做法是跪在她的椅子旁邊，輕聲說(shuō)：“你說(shuō)得對(duì)，勞拉。我用詞不明智和不友善。你會(huì)原諒我嗎？她看著我的眼睛，簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)：“是的，我原諒你，?？死滋?。我也很抱歉?！?”可知，作者委身向?qū)W生Laura誠(chéng)摯地道歉并征得她的原諒，可以看出作者的寬容與豁達(dá)。故選B項(xiàng)?？枷蛉龑?xiě)作意圖題（2023屆湖南省九校聯(lián)盟第二次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題）“Howbeautifulthejasmine(茉莉花)is!Asweetsmellcoversthebuddingtwigs.Sofragrant,sowhite,admiredbyalllips.”ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofquotingthesongJasmineFlower?A．Totellusnottoneglectthesong.B．Toshowthepopularityofthesong.C．Tointroducethetopic—Jasminetea.D．ToclarifytheoriginofJasminetea.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.(中國(guó)著名民歌《茉莉花》以其優(yōu)美的旋律和歌詞贏得了全球觀眾的喜愛(ài)。同樣受歡迎的是傳統(tǒng)的茉莉花茶，其優(yōu)雅的香氣和醇香的口感吸引了無(wú)數(shù)飲茶者)”以及下文對(duì)傳統(tǒng)茉莉花茶的詳細(xì)介紹，可知本文第一段段首用著名的中國(guó)民歌《茉莉花》來(lái)引出文章主題——茉莉花茶。故選C。考向四文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象題（2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)附中二檢試題）●HowtoEnter:1.Selecthowmanyimagesyouwanttoenter.2.Followthecheck-outprocesstopaytheentryfee.3.Selectyourimagesandupload;clickheretostart.Ifpossible,pleasenameeachimagewith