2024-2025學年高中英語Unit12CultureShock單元語法二-現(xiàn)在分詞學案含解析北師大版必修4

PAGEUnit12CultureShock單元語法(二)——現(xiàn)在分詞[語法圖解][語法感悟]單句語法填空1．Itisdifficulttoimaginehisaccepting(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.2．Thequestionbeing_discussed(discuss)isofgreatimportance.3．TheUShousepricehasrisenby12.4%overthe12monthstotheendofJuly,completelyruining(ruin)hisplantobuyanotherapartment.4．Notknowing(know)heraddress,Ican'twritetoher.5．Having_eaten(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn'twanttoeatthereagain.現(xiàn)在分詞是分詞的一種，屬于非謂語動詞，在句子中不能單獨作謂語，但具有動詞特征，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，能充當其他的一些成分(定語、表語、補語和狀語)。一、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式如下：Takingthepaththatleadsoutofthetown,youwillcometoadensewood.沿著通向郊外的路前進，你就會走到一片密林處。Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn'tloseheart.雖然屢次失敗，但他沒有垂頭喪氣。Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.我站在門旁，不敢說一句話。Havingbeenseriouslyinjuredintheaccident,hehadtobetakentothehospitalimmediately.在事故中受傷很嚴峻，他不得不被馬上送往醫(yī)院。[即學即用1]單句語法填空1．Theboystanding(stand)underthetreeismydeskmate.2．Thehousesbeing_built(build)nowarefortheteachers.3．Having_tried(try)twice,hegaveupopeningthedoor.4．Having_been_scolded(scold)byhismother,theboysobbedinthecorneroftheroom.5．Notknowing(know)hisaddress,Ican'tsendhimthisbook.二、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能動詞－ing形式除了在句中充當賓語(此時動詞－ing形式為動名詞)外，在句中還可作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。1．作定語單個的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時一般放在被修飾詞之前，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時一般放在被修飾詞之后，且往往可以用定語從句代替。Heisapromisingyoungman.他是一個很有前途的青年。Iknowthemen(whoare)sittinginthatcar.我相識坐在那輛汽車里的那些人。Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.正在實行的會議很重要?，F(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作定語的區(qū)分：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示所修飾的人或物的動作，而動名詞則表示所修飾物的用途?，F(xiàn)在分詞動名詞waitingcar等待著的汽車waitingroom候車室workingpeople勞動著的人民workingmethod工作方法sleepingchildren熟睡著的孩子sleepingcars臥鋪車廂2.作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語是用來表示主語的特性、狀態(tài)、情感等，具有形容詞的特征。Thesituationisencouraging.形勢很令人鼓舞。Thetheorysoundsquiteconvincing.這理論聽起來很有勸服力。現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作表語的區(qū)分：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表明的是主語的性質(zhì)和特征，主語和表語的位置不行互換。動名詞作表語與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。Thematchwewatchedlastnightwasveryexciting.昨天晚上我們看的競賽很激烈。Herhobbyiscollectingstamps.她的愛好是收集郵票。3．作賓語補足語現(xiàn)在分詞通常作感官動詞(watch,notice,see,hear,listento,find,feel,smell等)、表示狀態(tài)的動詞(keep,leave)或使役動詞(get,have,make)的賓語補足語。此時，現(xiàn)在分詞和賓語的關(guān)系是主謂關(guān)系或主動關(guān)系；從時間上講，它表示正在進行的動作或動作的持續(xù)。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedherroomyesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間時，我聽見她在唱英文歌。Lastnighttheshopkeepercaughtachildstealingsomefoodintheshop.昨晚，店主抓到一個小孩在商店里偷東西。4．作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語(句子的主語)之間為主謂關(guān)系，可以表示時間、緣由、結(jié)果、讓步、條件、伴隨、方式等，相當于一個狀語從句。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.聽到這個消息，他們都興奮地跳了起來。Beingwornout,shewenttobedearly.因為特別乏累，她早早睡了。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.盡管已被告知過很多次，他還是犯同樣的錯誤。Workinghard,youwillsurelysucceed.假如學習努力，你肯定會勝利的。Theysatroundthetable,talkingandlaughing.他們圍坐在桌旁，邊談邊笑。[即學即用2]單句語法填空1．Theflowerssmelling(smell)sweetinthebotanicalgardenattractmanyvisitors.2．Theymadeagreatefforttopreparetheexhibition,hoping(hope)toachieveabigsuccess.3．Don'tleavethewaterrunning(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.4．WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,telling(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.5．Thetrainstanding(stand)atplatform3isforLondon.三、現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語假如作狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一樣，分詞就要帶上自己的邏輯主語，形成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由兩部分組成，一部分是名詞或代詞，起著邏輯主語的作用；一部分除現(xiàn)在分詞外，還包括形容詞、副詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語等，表示其邏輯主語(名詞或代詞)的動作、狀態(tài)或狀況。另外，多數(shù)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)還可以用with復合結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.因為沒有公交車了，我們不得不步行回家。Allaudiencehavingtakentheirseats,theplaybegan.全部觀眾就座之后，戲劇起先。四、現(xiàn)在分詞獨立成分作狀語含有現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立成分，如generallyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,considering,supposing,takingsth.intoconsideration等，其形式不受上下文的影響，也不須要考慮其邏輯主語同句子主語是否一樣的問題。Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsuchgamesthangirls.一般來說，男孩比女孩更喜愛這樣的嬉戲。Judgingfromhisexpression,hewassatisfiedwithourperformance.從他的表情來看，他對我們的演出感到滿足。[即學即用3]單句語法填空1．Weatherpermitting(permit),we'llhaveapicnicnextSunday.2．Thelecturehaving_been_given(give),alivelyquestion－and－answersessionfollowed.3．Thebookbeing_written(write)insimpleEnglish,thestudentsfounditeasyorread.4．Taking(take)allthingsintoconsideration,theirmarriageisahappyone.5．Generallyspeaking(speak),thegirlisaconfidentstudent.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．LastSunday,mycousinsentmeane－mailinviting(invite)metohisbirthdayparty.2．Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcovering(cover)thedesert.3．Helookedaroundandcaughtamanputting(put)hishandintothepocketofapassenger.4．Thegirllookedatmewithapuzzledexpression.Maybetheproblemwasquitepuzzling.(puzzle)5．Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractiseparking(park)thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain.6．Istillrememberbeing_taken(take)totheFamen7．Wewalkedasfaraswecould,hoping(hope)tocatchtheearlybus.8．Having_failed(fail)toreachthemonthephone,wesentane－mailinstead.9．Hewasbusywritingastory,onlystopping(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.10．Itbeing(be)afinedayyesterday,wewentoutforawalk.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ican'tstandworking_withMaryinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhilesheworks.我受不了和瑪麗在同一個辦公室工作，工作時她還不停地講話。2．Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leaving_many_problems_unsettled.我們匆忙忙忙地結(jié)束了會議，留下了很多問題未解決。3．Ifyouarecaught_cheatinginexams,yourparentswillbecalledtos