2025學位英語考試400個英語語法公式

abasketofeggsagroupofchildrentwoboxesofpenstwobasketsofapplesapieceofchalkabitofbreadtwoglassesofmilkthreecupsofcoffee單數名詞詞尾+’sthechildren’stoystoday’snews復數名詞詞尾(s結尾Myparents’hometownisvery007A(+B...)+andC+’sProfessorWangisLiMingandLiLing’sA+’s(+B+’s...andC+’sTim’sandPeter’fathersbothteachinthesameThewindowsofthathouseare名詞+of+名詞的’sIhaveonlyreadfourbooksofmany等+agreatmany，quiteafew等。Hemadeagreatmanymistakes.much等+agood/greatdealof，agood/great/largeamountof等。Wegotlittlehelpfromthem.alotof等+復數可數名詞/不可數名詞plentyof，lotsof，quantitiesof，aquantityof等。SomepoliceofficersintheUKcarryguns,butmostofthemAsquarehasfoursides.ThetigeriswithoutdoubtthemostmagnificentofthebigPlasticishardtobreakup.HewasborninasmallmountainousvillageinGuizhouThestorytookplaceinanOctoberinthe208010WorkingwithJaneisagreata/an+fograinsnowwind等前面用不定冠詞，表示“一……”I’dlikeacoffeeandachickensandwich,IvisitedachurchinJinan.Thechurchwasbuiltintheearly20thesun/earthAstimegoeson,wewillknowmoreaboutthe024WearesaidtobelivingintheInformationAge,atimeofnewdiscoveriesandgreatchanges.fromthebehindtotherightThenewistotaketheplaceofthethe+在表示被演奏的西洋樂器、文藝活動或運動場IplaytheguitarintheschoolThefatherledhisdaughterbythehandandwalkedintothesuch/what/halfa/an(+形容詞HehasneverwrittensuchaninterestingbookasLilyistooyoungachildtobeleftbyherselfatquite/rathera/an(+形容詞)+Ihadquite/ratheraneasytestAllthestudentsintheclasswentyouhe/she+IYouandIhavedoneourweyou+theyWeyouandtheyareallChinese.hesheHeandshedon’tagreewithItbe/get+形容詞/名詞/介詞短語it用作非人稱代詞時，常表示天氣、日期、ItgetscolderandItbe被強調部分+that...構成強調句，強調句子的主語、賓語、狀語。被強調部分指人時，thatwhothat。ItwasnotuntilIcameherethatIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.It+be+形容詞(+forsb.)+todoItisveryimportantforustomastertheskillsofIt+be+nouse/nogood+doingsth.意為“做…是沒用的”Itisnogoodturningtohim.Heisalwaysindifferenttowardsothers’It+be+過去分詞+thatItisrequiredintheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.It+be+名詞+不定式/that從句itthat從句是句子Itisanhonourformetobeinvitedtospeakhere.It+be+形容詞+thatItisobviousthathedoesn’tknowhowtorepairaIt+某些動詞+thatappear，seem，happenItappearsthatallthefileshavebeenIt+be+(high)time...NowitistimeformetostudyItisthreemonthssincetheycompletedthegreat3It+was/willbe+時間段+before...意為“過多長時間才…；還要多長時間才…”ItwasseveralminutesbeforewerealizedwhatwasIthoughtitappropriatetoinvitehertospeakattheThereisonlyonesuccessintheworld—tobeabletospendyourlifeinyourown世界上只有一種成功,onetheother...意為“(兩者中的)一個……，另一個Hehastwosons.Oneisadoctorandtheotherisasomeothers...意為“（不確定范圍中的）一些……，另一些……”Someboysareplayingfootball,andothersareplaying051some...theothers...意為“（確定范圍中的）一些……，其余的……”O(jiān)fthesestudents,somearefromPekingUniversity,andtheothersarefromTsinghuaUniversity.one...another...(theother...)意為“(三者以上中的)一個……，(一個……)，另一Theoldman’sthreedaughtersareallabroad.OneisintheUS,anotherisinEnglandandtheotherseemstobeinFrance.IhavegotafewfriendswholiveSuchwereherwishes.none(+of+復數可數名詞或不可數名詞）noone，none指代指人或物的可數名of結構；noone只能指代指人的可數名詞，后面of結構。Noneofthepeoplepresentagreedtotheplan.基數詞hundred/thousand/million復數可數名詞意為“……打/百/千/百萬……”Therewereaboutsixhundredstudentsintheschoolbuildingduringthe600dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions+of復數可數名詞意為“數十/百/千百萬……”?！馭hewenttothebookstoreandboughtdozensof分鐘數+past/after+小時分鐘數30分鐘內的部分，意為“……點five(minutes)past/afterfive(minutes)toat(theageof)+基數詞意為“在……歲時”At(theageof)forty,hebecamethegeneralmanagerofthe40a/an+名詞+aged+基數詞，名詞+of+基數詞+yearsold意為“一個……歲的……”Heisanoldmanaged80Mymotherbecameaprofessorinherin+the+年數+s/’s意為“在……世紀……年代”Thiskindofhairstylewasverypopularinthe2090ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsiaGameswillbethreetimesasbigasthepresentone.Thisstreetistwice/doublethewidthofthatThisroomistwicelargerthanThislineislongerthanthatoneby“第……”a/an意為“另一個，再一個”Inordertofindabetterjob,hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignonSundaymorningonarainynightofAugust18818Ihavesubscribedtothatmagazineforthree3Theoldmanlefthomein1924andcamebackafterthirty1924年離開家，30Thereisapictureonthewall.Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.飛機在云層之上飛行。073IdrivepastabigsupermarkettotheofficeeverySomestudentsoftenlistentomusicbetweenclassestorefreshthemselves．except/besides/exceptfor+名詞意為“除了……之外”TheofficeisopeneverydayexceptIcutthecakewiththeknife.bebusyin)doingsth.意為“忙于做某事”We’rebusy(in)doinghomeworkafterschooleveryhavedifficulty/troublein)doingsth.意為“做某事有困難”Ihavesometrouble(in)workingoutthisstop/prevent...(fromdoingsth.意為“阻止……做某事”Wemuststophim(from)goingtoswiminthe(Machinesare(of)differenttypesand（for+）時間段/forlast,stay,wait,及表示“位移”Themeetinglasted(for)threehours.3句表示結果?！馭eizethechance,oryou’llregretit.ThespringofBeijingisverydrywhilethatofKunmingisDoyougotoschoolbybusoronIthoughtwedbelatefortheconcert,butweendedupgettingthereaheadofNotmoneybutteachersarewhatweHecanbothwritesongsandcomposeYoucantalkwithMrBlackeitherinEnglishorinChinese.你notonly...butalso)...意為“不但……而且……”Henotonlyreadthebook,butalsorememberedwhathehadShelikesneitherbutternorfor+句子意為“……，因為……”Theleavesofthetreesarefalling,forit’salreadysomethinginterestingnothingspecialAustraliaisacountryfamousforitsbeautiful名詞+形容詞+and/or+andor等連詞Peopleinthevillage,youngandold,wenttoseethefilmyesterdayYesterday,aMrBrown,thirtyyearsold,cametovisit30atallgraybuildingthatsquarenewredboxThistableisascleanasthatone.這張桌子和那張一樣干凈。98...notas/so+形容詞原級+as...意為“……不像……一樣……”Sheisnotas/sohappyasshepretends.IhaveasmanybooksasTom.Mostdoctorsthinkthatmedicineisasmuchanartasitisa101Therearemuchmoreflowersinsummerthaninwinter.HisFrenchisnotbetterthanyours.HisFrenchisnobetterthanyours.Thecomputerischeaperandthe+形容詞比較級...the+形容詞比較級...意為“越…,(就)越Theshorterthespeechis,thebetteritYouareaninchtallerthanhim.—Whichoneofthosetwohouseswouldyoubuy?—IwouldbuythelargeronebecauseIhaveabigfamily.我會買那套大一點的，因Whichischeaperthiscomputerorthatone?這臺電腦和那臺電腦哪一臺更便Thisphotoisinferiortothatone.HangzhouBayCross-SeaBridgeisthelongestcross-seabridgeintheworld.杭州...oneofthe+形容詞最高級(+名詞復數)+范圍意為“最…之一”Jimisoneofthecleverestinhisclass.Which/Whoisthe+形容詞最高級...,...or...?意為“…，…和…哪一個/誰最Whichisthemostbeautiful,rosejasmineortulip?玫瑰、茉莉、郁金香三種花哪Nothingismorepreciousthantime.Chinaislargerthananyothercountry/allothercountriesinAsia.中國是亞洲最大Ihaven’theardabettervoicethanhers.Thisisamostdifficultquestiontoanswer.Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmersonlytravelledasfarasthelocalmarket.在古代，人們很少進行長途跋涉，大多數農民所Itdoesn’trainas/sooftenhereasitdoesinmycountry.這里不如我們國家下雨頻Usuallythepaperbackbookismorewidelyacceptedthanthehardcoverone.通常HearrivedattheofficenotearlierthanItoday.LilyspeaksChinesenomorefluentlythanheryoungerbrother.莉莉漢語說得和她Withtimegoingon,wearegettingonbetterandbetterwitheachother.隨著時間Thelongerthewarlasts,themorethepeopletherewillsuffer.IlikemoviesbetterthanTVplays.Thechildrenlovedtheirdaytrip,andtheyenjoyedthehorseridemost.孩子們很喜...too...to...意為“太…而不…”,toHegotuptoolatetocatchthefirsttrain....enoughto...意為“…足以…”，toTheicewasthickenoughtowalkon.—Itwasverycoldyesterday.—Soitwas.Themanrunsslowlyalongtheriveratsixeverymorning.6點Theyplayedfairlywellthereyesterday.YouknowthatIusuallygetupveryearlyeveryday.Verycarefullythedoctorexaminedthepatient’schest.醫(yī)生非常仔細地檢查了病butHeansweredhismotherangrilyandimpatiently.他生氣并且不耐煩地回答了他Itsnowedheavilyduringtheholidays.Manypeoplehadtostayathomeinsteadofgoingtravelling.放假期間雪下得很大。許多人沒能出去旅游，不得不待在家里。IstudyEnglishveryhard.之前，be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。Susanissocarefulthatsheseldommakesmistakesinherhomework.蘇珊很認真，TheJapanesegrammarisquitedifferentfromthatoftheChinesegrammar.日語語主語+動詞(短語這類動詞（短語）主要是不及物動詞（短語），后面不能直接Theteachersandthestudentsalllaughed.Thestorybookisinteresting.Thiscoastalareawasnamedanationalwildlifereservelastyear.這個沿海地區(qū)去IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddonefordo/does/did(+not...)+助動詞do/does/did幫助實義動詞構成否定句、Hedoesn’tdohishomeworkintheevening.shouldWeshallhelphimtofinishthework.be/look/keep/remain+Healwayskeepssilentatmeeting.Shall/Will+主語+do...?該句式表示征求他人的意見，shall用在主語是第一、三人稱的問句中；will用在主語是第二人稱的問句中。Shallwegoforawalkafterdinner?wouldlike...意為“想要……”It’ssocoldtoday.Iwouldlikeacupofhotwater.wouldratherdo...wouldratherdo...thando...,woulddo...ratherthando...是常見Toenjoythescenery,Sallywouldratherspendlonghoursonthetrainthantravelbyair.為了欣賞風景，薩莉旅行時寧愿坐幾個小時的火車也不愿乘飛機。cannotbutdo...意為“只好做……”,buttoWecannotbutadmirehisdetermination.can’thelpdoing.../can’thelpbutdo...意為“禁不住做……”Ican’thelplaughingseeingthispicture.cannot/cannever...too...意為“再…也不為過；越…越好”Youcannotbetoocarefultocrosstheroad.Heusedtoliveinasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedtolivinginthebighadbetternot)do...意為“最好（不）做…”Youhadbetterleavenowifyouwanttoarriveontime.如果你想準時到達，最好musthavedone...意為“一定/準是做過……”，表示對過去情況的推測，只用于肯Sheknowsthestoryverywell.Shemusthavereadthebook.她對這個故事很熟悉，couldnothavedone...MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Whocouldhavetakenit?我的英shouldnothavedone...表示與過去事實相反的情況，意為“過去本（不）該做某Theyshouldhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.他們本應該在neednothavedone...表示與過去事實相反的情況，意為“過去本不必做某事”Markneedn’thavehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhour主語+am/is/are...Iamastudent.主語+am/is/are+not...Iamnotastudent.Am/Is/Are+主語...Areyououtofwork?特殊疑問詞+am/is/are+主語...?特殊疑問句(特殊疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時不Whereareyoufrom?你從哪里來主語+動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數形式...Heenjoysplayingcomputergamesafterfinishingawholeday’swork.完成一整天主語+do/does+not+動詞原形...Idon’tplayfootballverywell.Do/Does+主語+動詞原形...Doyouoftengotoschoolbybike?你經常騎自行車去上學嗎特殊疑問詞+do/does+主語+動詞原形...特殊疑問句(疑問詞作主語或修飾主語Wheredotheyoftengointheirholidays?他們假期都經常去哪里主語+am/is/are+現在分詞...Iamsittingonarockneartheriverwithmyfriends.我正和我的朋友們坐在河邊主語+am/is/are+not+現在分詞...I’mnotworkinginthecompanynow.Is/Are+主語+現在分詞...Aretheyplayingtennisnow?特殊疑問詞+is/are+主語+現在分詞...?（特殊疑問詞作主語或修飾主Whereishemakingspeechnow?主語+shall/will+動詞原形...肯定句(shallwill，其他人稱一般用TheywillmakeatourinLondonthissummervacation.今年暑假他們要去倫敦主語+shall/will+not+動詞原形...Hewillnotparticipateintheparty.Willhetelephoneyouatsixoclocktonight?6特殊疑問詞+shall/will+主語+動詞原形...?特殊疑問句(特殊疑問詞作主語或修WhatwilltheydotocelebratetheChristmasDay?為了慶祝圣誕節(jié)他們會做些什主語+am/is/are+現在分詞...Iammeetingmyfatheratthestationatfiveo’clock.5Iamgoingtoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.我今天下午要參加一個WearetoseeourEnglishteachernextSunday.我們下個星期天要去看我們的英Sitdown,everyoneThefilmisabouttostart.主語+動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數形式...Thefinalexamtakesplacenextweek.主語+have/has+過去分詞...Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部主語+have/has+not/never+過去分詞...Iamcallingbecausewehavenotreceivedaresponse.我打電話是因為我們還沒Have/Has+主語+過去分詞...Hasyourbrotheralreadydonehishomework?特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞...特殊疑問句(特殊疑問詞作主語或修Howlonghaveyouhadthisnicecar?主語+was/were...Youwereabsentfromschooltwodaysago.主語+was/were+not...Ouroriginalplanwasn’tverygood.Was/Were+主語...Washebusyyesterdayafternoon?特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語...特殊疑問句(特殊疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時Whowasintheofficethen?主語+動詞過去式...Ifyoudon’tlikethedrinkyouordered,justleaveitandtryadifferentone.如果你主語+did+not+動詞原形...Wedidnothaveagoodtimeyesterday.Did+主語+動詞原形...？Didheknowthesecretthen?特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形...特殊疑問句(特殊疑問詞作主語或修飾主Whendidtheygothere?主語+was/were+現在分詞...Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistantwasgivinginhisplacebut,luckilyeverythingwasgoingonsmoothly.經理很擔心助理代替他舉主語+was/were+not+現在分詞...Weweren’tholdingameetingbetween8:00and9:00lastSundaymorning.上周日8:009:00之間我們沒在開會。Weretheyplayingfootballallthewholeafternoon?他們一整個下午都在踢足球特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+現在分詞...特殊疑問句(特殊疑問詞作主語或修Whatwashedoingatthetimeofthefireyesterday?主語+would/should+動詞原形...Theywereconfidentthattheywouldreachtheiraim.主語+would/should+not+動詞原形...Theysaidtheywouldnotgiveupeasily.主語+had+過去分詞...—Whatamistake!—Yes.Ihadsuggestedhisdoingitanotherwaybutwithoutsuccess.是的，我曾建議主語+had+not+過去分詞...Bynineo’clockyesterdayeveninghehadntgothome.9點他Had+主語+過去分詞...HadyoureceivedhermessagebeforeyouleftforBeijing?你去北京前收到她的信特殊疑問詞+had+主語+過去分詞...特殊疑問句(特殊疑問詞作主語或修飾主HowlonghadhestudiedFrenchbythetimehewassixteen?16主語+have/has+been+現在分詞...I’msureyouwilldobetterinthetestbecauseyouhavebeenstudyingsohardthis201主語+have/has+not+been+現在分詞...HehasnotbeenwatchingTValltheday.Haveyoubeenwaitinglongforme?特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+been+現在分詞...？特殊疑問句（特殊疑問詞作主Whohasbeeneatingmyapples?主語+be+過去分詞(+by...)...Thestudentswereaskedtostayintheclassroombecauseofthestorm.因為暴風雨，主語+be+not+過去分詞(+by...)...Hewasnottoldwhenthemeetingwasheld. 一般疑問—IsthiskitemadebyLiMing?特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)...?特殊疑問句(特殊疑問詞作主語或Whatwasstolenlastnight?一般現在時主語+am/is/are+過去分詞ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.一般過去時主語+was/were+過去分詞IwasofferedabetterpositionatIBM.因為IBM:Thespeechwillbegivenatthelecturehallthisevening.今晚的講座將在演講廳:Theyweretoldthattheywouldbesenttothearmywhentheyfinishedtraining.他現在進行時主語+am/is/are+being+過去分詞Thebridgetoitisbeingrepaired.過去進行時主語+was/were+being+過去分詞Hewasbeingoperatedonatthattime.:Nopermissionhasbeengiventoanybodytoenterthebuilding.不允許任何人進入過去完成時主語+had+been+過去分詞Beforehetoldus,thetimetablehadbeenchanged.主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞(+by...)...Ithinkaliensmightbefoundinspace.主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+be+過去分詞(+by...)...Suchmistakescan’tbemadeagain.情態(tài)動詞+主語+be+過去分詞(+by...)...?Musttheseyoungtreesbewateredeveryday?特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)動詞+主語+be+過去分詞（+by...)...?(特殊疑問詞Wherecanthebookbebought?Theyarecleaningthehouse.→Thehouseisbeingcleanedbythem).他們正在打Myauntgavemeanapple.→Iwasgivenanapple(bymyAnapplewasgiventomebymyaunt).Hemadethebabylaugh.→Thebabywasmadetolaugh(byhim).那個嬰兒被(他短語動詞的被動語態(tài)形式Wehavesentforadoctor.→Adoctorhasbeensentforbyus).(我們)已經派人去主動形式表示被動意義主語+系動詞+Theseorangestastenice.need/want/requiredoing...作“需要”needwantrequire等后的動名詞Theflowerswantwatering.Whatlifewillbelikeinthefutureisdifficulttopredict.未來生活是什么樣子，這get+過去分詞此結構是一種被動形式，getbe一樣起助動詞作用，一般用來Becarefulnottogetburntbythesun.Todo...+be+形容詞/名詞...Tohelpthepoorishisduty.it作形式主語，而把不定式置于句末。(=Itishisdutytohelpthepoor.)Mygoalistobeagreatwriter.主語+及物動詞+todo...Theydeterminedtostartearly.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.主語+及物動詞+賓語+todo...toWeadvisedhimtobuythecheapercomputer.我們勸他買那一臺比較便宜的電名詞/代詞+todo...Thelastonetoarrivepaysthemeal.(not)+toinorder(not)soasnot)+todo...Inordernottobelateshecutacrossthefields.so+形容詞/副詞+astodo...too+形容詞/副詞+todo...形容詞/副詞+enough+todo...Theboxistooheavytocarry.Thebookischeapenoughtobuy.Theyheardhimsingasonginthemeetingroom.他們聽見他在會議室唱了一首Doing+be+名詞/形容詞...Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.itItis/wasnouse/gooddoingsth.Itis/wasuseful/uselessdoingsth.句式中。Itisnousetalkingtothemanlikehim.主語+be+doing...Seeingisbelieving.(=Toseeistobelieve.)主語+及物動詞+doing...Iinsistonleavinghimaloneathome.stopdoing...Toprotecttheenvironment,mostsupermarketsinChinastoppedprovidingfreeplasticbags.為了保護環(huán)境，中國的大部分超市不再免費提供塑料袋。stoptodo...Let’sstoptobeginourclass.forget/rememberdoing...忘記/Heforgottellingheraboutthefinalexam.他不記得已告訴過她關于期末考試的forget/remembertodo...忘記/Don’tforgettosendmeamessagewhenyougethome.到家后，不要忘記給我發(fā)meandoing...意味著做Mynewjobwillmeantravellingallovertheworld.我的新工作需要在世界各地到meantodo...打算做Ididn’tmeantoupsetyou.regretdoing...后悔以前曾做過HowoftenIhaveregrettednottakinghisadvice!regrettodo...很遺憾要做Iregrettoinformyouthatyourcontractwillnotberenewed.我很遺憾地通知你，trydoing...試著做Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetriedlivingalone,shedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.蘇珊不想再依賴父母，她嘗試著一個人生活，trytodo...努力去做Hetriedtostandup,butfailed.meantodo表示“打算做Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.meandoing表示“意味著做Doingthatmeanswastingtime.goontodo表示“繼續(xù)做……（非同一件事Hewentontospeakofhiswarexperiences.goondoing表示“繼續(xù)做……（同一件事）”Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.祈使句：Be/動詞原形+you,Behereontimenexttimeoryou’llbepunished.下次按時到，否則你將會受到懲Letmetellyoutheanswer.Don’t/Never+動詞原形+Don’tletthewaterrunintotheroom.AreyouLily’snewclassmates?certainlysurelyofcourseIthinkso,allright,notatall,neversorry,notyet,I’mafraidnot等來回答。特殊疑問詞+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+特殊疑問詞作HowlonghasBobbeencollectingstamps?Didyouputthebookintheboxorontheshelf?你把書放在箱子里了還是放在書Itoldthemnoteverybodycouldrunasfastasyoudid,didn’tI?我告訴他們不是每—Shecan’tswim,canshe?—Yes,shecan.不，她會。/No,shecan’t.反意疑問句：Noone/Nobody...+謂語...，謂語he。Noonewastherethatday,washe/werethey?Everythingthathesaidistrueisn’tit?That’sawonder,isn’tit?Thoseareyours,aren’tthey?反意疑問句：Therebe...，謂語Therebe句式時，其反意疑問句的附加問句仍用“...there”Thereisawonderfulpowerinsteam,isn’tthere?水蒸氣有一種驚人的力量,是反意疑問句：willyou/won’twillyou,won’tyouwillyouComeandplayfootballwithus,willyou/won’tyou?過來和我們一起踢足球，好Don’tplayPing Pongintheclassroom,willyou?不要在教室里打乒乓球，好反意疑問句：Let’s...,shallwe?Letus/Letme...,willyou？Let’shavelunchtogethershallwe?Letussolvetheprobleminprivatewillyou?我們私下里解決這個問題吧，好It’sthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustraliaisn’tit?這是他第一次去澳大利亞，Idon’tthink/suppose/expect/imagine/believe等+(主語、Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willheWhatafoolishmistakeIhavemade!我犯了一個多么愚蠢的錯誤啊LookatthepictureHowbeautifulSanyais!I’llgotherethissummerholiday.看這Howtimeflies!S+vi.：主語+不及物動詞（短語Birdscanfly.Iputthenewspapersonthetable.Theseflowersareverybeautiful.MyparentsboughtmeaniceChristmaspresent.我父母給我買了一件精美的圣誕Theypaintedthedoorred.簡單句+and等+and,notonly...butFallinginloveisonethingandgettingmarriedisanother.戀愛是一回事，結婚是并列舉：簡單句+or等+oreither...or...Shallwegoouttothecinemaorstayathome?我們是出去看電影還是待在家并列舉：簡單句+but等+but,yet,whileHehasalotofmoneybuthedoesnothavemanyfriends.他有很多錢但是沒有Ourcaseswereheavy,sowetookataxi.Whethershewilljoinusdoesnotmattertoomuch.她是否會加入到我們中來并不Itisapitythatyoumissedsuchagoodlecture.你錯過了一場這么好的講座真是that,whetherwhat,who,which或連接副when,where,how等。that引導的賓語從句：主句+thatIthoughtthat13Maywouldbethedateoftheelection.513日是選舉的that主語+系動詞+afraid/sorry/sure/glad/angry等+that引導的Iamafraidthatyoucan’ttakephotoshere.what,who,whom,whosewhich等連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thavewhatwehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.我們應該珍惜糧食，想想那些不能像我們一樣有吃有喝when,wherehow,why等在從句中作狀語,Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknewwhyshewassoangry.辛迪重重地關上了門，并且大哭了起來。辦公室里沒有一Didhetellyouwhether/ifhewouldcomethenextday?他告訴你他第二天是否I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.動詞+whetherornotIdon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.我不知道他們是否會來幫Wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingthenextweek.我們討論了WhetherthisistrueornotIamnotsure.主句+whether引導的賓語從句+ifHeaskedmewhetherIwouldmovetoNewYorkifIgotthejob.他問我如果我得That’swhyIwantyoutoworkhere.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.誰該做這項工作，這who代替。who/whom作賓語時可以省略。Theprofessor(who/whom)Ievertoldyouaboutiscomingsoon.我曾經跟你談起“the+名詞+ofwhich/whom”Theoldtemplewhoseroofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.那座屋頂在先行詞是指事物的名詞，whichChinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse’sfault.我拒絕whenOccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.我和孩whereStephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetwherelifehasdevelopedgradually.斯蒂芬·霍金認為地球不可能是唯一一個逐漸有生命衍生whyreasonTellmethereasonwhyshewaslate.請告訴我她遲到的原因。301先行詞+介詞+關系代詞+定語從句ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeagarden.我過去住的房子已經變成先行詞，+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定語從句非限制性Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,whentheaudiencecanbuy(先行詞，+)as引導的定語從句Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.時間狀語從句:主句+when/while/as引導的時間狀語從句when/while/as意為“當……時候”Marymadecoffeewhileherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.客人們快吃完飯的時間狀語從句:主句+assoonas/directly/immediately等引導的時間狀語從句IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.時間狀語從句:主句+before/after引導的時間狀語從句IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.時間狀語從句:主句+since引導的時間狀語從句MaryhasbeeninShanghaisincesheleftBeijing.瑪麗自從離開北京后就一直時間狀語從句:主句+till/until引導的時間狀語從句Iwillstayhereuntilyoucomeback.原因狀語從句：主句+because/as/since引導的原因狀語從句Asalltheseatswerefull,hehadtostandup.because,since,as的區(qū)別地點狀語從句：主句+where/wherever引導的地點狀語從句Youcangowhereveryoulikethesedays.讓步狀語從句：疑問詞-ever引導的讓步狀語從句Toshowourrespect,weusuallyhavetotakeourglovesoffwhoeverwearetoshakehandswith.為了表示我們的尊重，不論要跟誰握手，我們通常都要摘掉手引導讓步狀語從句時，疑問詞-ever可與“nomatter+疑問詞”互換。Wherever/Nomatterwhereyougo,Iwillbewithyou.讓步狀語從句：主句+(al)though/as/while/eventhough/evenif引導的讓步狀語從句Timisingoodshapephysicallyeventhoughhedoesn’tgetmuchexercise.即使不條件狀語從句：主句+if/unless/aslongas引導的條件狀語從句Let’sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.如果你不是太累的話，我們出去散條件狀語從句：主句+so/such...+that+結果狀語從句Heworkedsohardthathegotill.目的狀語從句：主句+sothat/inorderthat/incase引導的目的狀語從句I’llrunslowlysothatyoucancatchupwithme.比較狀語從句：主句+than引導的比較狀語從句TheweatherwasworsethanIhadexpected.比較狀語從句：主句+as引導的比較狀語從句FrenchisasfamiliartohimasEnglish.方式狀語從句：主句+as引導的方式狀語從句asif/asthoughYououghttodoasPaultellsyou.asif引導的方式狀語從句表示與事實相反的情況時，從句常用虛擬語氣。Sheclosedhereyesasthoughshewasverytired.If...did/were...，主語+would/should/could/mightdo...表示與現在事實相反的從句用一般過去時，主句謂語動詞用“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”Ifyouwerethemanagerwewouldnotbesotired.如果你是經理，我們就不會這If...haddone...，主語+would/should/could/mighthavedone...表示與過去事實Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthe如果我們走了另一條路的話，或許就能及時趕到這里開會了。（陜西If...did/weretodo/shoulddo...，主語+would/should/could/mightdo...表示與Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoshopping.If...haddone...，主語+wouldIfhehadsetoutearlierhewouldbehomenow.如果他早點出發(fā)的話，他現在就If...shoulddo...，主語+wouldhaveIfsheshouldleave,Iwouldhaveheardaboutit.Should/Were/Had+(從句)主語+謂語ifshould,werehadif省略，should,were,had提前，構成倒裝。、WereIyou(=IfIwereyouIwouldgo.With/Without/Butfor+名詞，主語+虛擬語氣形式的謂語withwithoutotherwisebutfor等來表示Withoutthegreenhouseeffect,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.33主句+asif+（從句）主語+did/haddone...asif引導的從句Sheactedasifshehadbeenthehostessyesterday.她昨天表現得就好像她是女主主句+sothat+（從句）主語+should/could/mightsothat意為“為了”Hetookataxitothestationsothatheshouldnotmissthetrain.為了不錯過火車，主句+lest+從句（主語+(should)lest意為“唯恐”Theyspokeinwhisperslesttheyshould)beheard....wish(that)+主語+did/haddone/wouldwish后的賓語從句用一般過去時表示與現在事實相反；用過去完成時表示與過IwishitwereautumninBeijingalltheyeararound....suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主語Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce....wouldrather+主語+did/hadwouldrather后的從句用一般過去時表示與現在或將來事實相反，用過去完成時Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldhim.Itis+形容詞/名詞/過去分詞+that+主語Itisstrangethatthegirl(should)besorude....suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主語Mysuggestionisthatweshould)getstartedsoon.Itis(high/about)timethat+主語+did/shouldItishightimethatyouwenttoschool.ifonly+主語+did/hadIfonlyIhadanotherchance.不可數名詞/單數可數名詞+單數謂語Stillwaterrunsdeep.動名詞/不定式/主語從句+單數謂語Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.時間/距離/價值/重量等+單數謂語Athousandmilesisaverylongdistance.1,000morethanone/manya(n)+單數名詞+單數謂語a(n)+單數名詞+andahalf+單數謂語意為“不止一個……/許多……”；“一個Morethanonepersonhereisgoingtofindanewjob.這里不止一個人準備找新thenumberof+復數名詞+單數謂語Asyoucanseethenumberofcarsonourroadskeepsrisingthesedays.正如你看anumberof+復數名詞+復數謂語Anumberof begraduatesarevoluntarilygoingtoworkintheWestofeach/every...(andeach/every...)+單數謂語Everypersoninmyfamilyhasbeengivenagift.some-,any-,every-,no-構成的復合不定代詞+單數謂語Ifanyoneknowsthetruthoftheaccident,pleasetellthepolice.如果有人知道事故冠詞+名詞+and+名詞+單數謂語Aknifeandforkisonthetable.news/physics/maths/politics/theUnitedStates/James等+單數謂語這些名詞雖然以-s結尾，但屬于專有名詞或不可數名詞。Thenewsconcernsyouryoungerbrother.oneof+復數名詞+單數謂語Oneofmygoodfriendshasbeenabroadforelevenyears.我的一個好朋友已經在11年了。復數主語+復數謂語Allthestudentsinourclassarehardworking.glasses/trousers/pants/shoes等+復數謂語Mybluetrousershavewornout.pairof等單位名詞修飾，謂語動詞的數要與單位名詞的數保people/police/cattle等+復數謂語peoplepolice,cattle是只表示復數意義的集體名詞，作主語時,Manypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting....and.../both...and...+復數謂語意為“……和……都”NewYorkandBostonareAmericancities.主語+with/togetherwith/except/but/like/aswellas...+謂語Themotheralongwithhertwochildrengoestotheparkeveryweekend.那位母class/family/group/team等+單數謂語/復數謂語Theclassisthebestoneinthegrade.Thewholeclassarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.全班同學都在認真地聽老師some/any/all/therest/分數/百分數等+of+單數名詞/不可數名詞+單數謂語Someofthemoneywasspentonclothes.some/any/all/therest/分數/百分數等+of+復數名詞+復數謂語Allofthepeoplehavegone.oneof+復數名詞+關系代詞+復數謂語ZhangNingisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedatthemeeting.張寧是會議上onlyoneof+復數名詞+關系代詞+單數謂語Heistheonlyoneofplayersinourschoolwhohastakenthefirstprize.他是我們...or.../either...or.../neither...nor.../notonly...but(also)...+謂語動詞Nofoodorwaterisallowedtobetakenwith.TherebeTherearefourchairsandtwotablesintheroom.Therebe肯定句式：There(+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞)+be+主語be動詞前可用情態(tài)動詞，也可用助動詞構成各種時態(tài)。Thereisalotofmeatontheplate.Therewillbemoreseriousairpollutionifpeopleusemoreandmorecars.如果人TherebeThere+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞Thereisn’tatelephoneintheroom.TherebeThere+be+not/no+主語Therewillnotbeanyfootballmatchthisweekend.這個周末沒有任何足球比Therebe的一般疑問句式：Be動詞—Arethereanymagazinesontheshelf?Therebe的一般疑問句式：助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+there+be(+any)+主語Hastherebeenanaccident?Therebe的特殊疑問句式：特殊疑問詞(+名詞)+be動詞Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Therebe特殊疑問詞(+名詞)+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞Whatdidthereusetobe?There+stand/lie/live等+主語Therebebestand,lieliveTherestandsatempleonthetopofthemountain.Thereseems(seemed)/appears(appeared)tobe+主語Thereseemstobealackofcommunication.whothatthatItwasJackandMarythat/whometwithafunny lookingmanyesterday.昨天是強調句的一般疑問句式：Is/WasIsityourbrotherwhoworksinthatcompany?強調句的特殊疑問句式：特殊疑問詞+is/wasitWhywasitthathecriedyesterday?倒裝No/Never/Hardly/Seldom/Little等+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語...Welaughatjokes,butseldomdowethinkabouthowtheywork.我們聽到笑話so...that...句式中，so...Sofastdoeslighttravelthatwecanhardlyimagineitsspeed.光速很快，我們幾乎only強調狀語置于句首時，句子/Onlyifyoueatthecorrectfoodswillyoubeabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.只有倒裝：Notuntil...+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語notuntil...置于句首時，句子/Notuntilhelefthishomedidhebegintoknowhowimportantthefamilywasfor倒裝：Notonly...+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語...butalso...notonly...置于句首時，其所在的分句用部分倒裝。Notonlydoeshedowellinhislessons,butheoftenhelpsotherswiththeir倒裝：Hardlyhad+主語Nosoonerhad+主語...+than....hardly,nosooner置于句首時，hardlynosooner所在Hardlyhadheutteredthewordswhenshebeganlaughing.neither/norso；動詞的形式與前面的句子JanecomesfromCanadaSodoesMary.Upwenttherocket.分詞短語+be動詞+Seatedinthefrontweretheguests.Herecomesthebus!省略：I’dlike/love/beglad/behappy—Wouldyouliketojoinmeforaquicklunchbeforeclass?你愿意課前與我一起—I’dliketo,butIpromisedNancytogooutwithher.我愿意，可是我已經答應跟南Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunlesswateredeveryday.除非天天澆水，as...aspossible/sb.can表示“盡可能……”Pleasecomeassoonaspossibleyoucan.ifnecessary/possible/any/ever表示“如果有必要/可能/有/曾……”—Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?對即將來臨的假期你—Yes,ifpossibleI’mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.是的，如果可Whynotdo...？whynot)后一般跟動詞原形，很少出現主語或動作的執(zhí)行者，Whynotgoandasktheteacherforhelp?為什么不去找老師幫忙Whynotrelaxandenjoythefreshair?為什么不休息一下，呼吸點新鮮空氣呢doJohnspokeGermanasfluentlyasMarydidwhentheystudiedinmiddleschool.中該結構表示同一人所做的、前面剛提到過的同一動作，so指代剛提到過的想法、Theteacheraskedhimtohandinhiscompositionatonceandhedidso.老師讓他主語+do/does/did+that/itdo的主語與前面所—Doyouknowwhobrokethewindow?—IheardJohndidthat.thatsay，tell，repeat，explain，think等。HesaidtomeIhaveleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告訴我他把書落在我的房間里了。if/whether引導的賓語從“DoyoulikeBeckhamshesaidtome.→Sheaskedmeif/whet