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化工原理(2)(全英文)知到智慧樹(shù)章節(jié)測(cè)試課后答案2024年秋山東科技大學(xué)緒論單元測(cè)試

Distillationisakindofmasstransferoperation.精餾是一種質(zhì)量傳遞操作。()

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)Dryingisnotakindofmasstransferoperation.干燥不是一種質(zhì)量傳遞操作。()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)Theabsorptionprocesscanbeusedinseparatinggasmixturesbytheirdifferentsolubility.吸收可用于分離氣體混合物。()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

第一章單元測(cè)試

Thefunctionofthecondenseristoprovide(B)productandensuresuitableliquidphasereflux.冷凝器的作用是提供____產(chǎn)品及保證有適宜的液相回流。()

A:Overheadvaporphase塔頂氣相;B:Bottomsliquidphase塔底液相;C:Overheadliquidphase塔頂液相;D:Bottomsvaporphase塔底氣相;

答案:Overheadliquidphase塔頂液相;Iftherefluxratiousedinthecontinuousdistillationoperationislessthantheoriginalrefluxratio,then____.操作中連續(xù)精餾塔,如采用的回流比小于原回流比,則____。()

A:Unabletooperatenormally不能正常操作;B:BothxDandxWincreasexD、xW均增加;C:XDandxWremainunchangedXD、xW均不變;D:xDdecreasesandxWincreasesxD減小,xW增加;

答案:BothxDandxWincreasexD、xW均增加;Inthecalculationofcontinuousdistillationofbinarysolutions,changesinthethermalstateofthefeedwillcausechangesinthefollowingline____.二元溶液連續(xù)精餾計(jì)算中,進(jìn)料熱狀況的變化將引起以下線的變化。()

A:Stripingsectionoperationlineandqline,提餾段操作線與q線;B:Equilibriumlineandqline,平衡線與q線;C:EquibriumlineandStripingsectionoperationline,平衡線與提餾段操作線;D:qlineandrectifyingsectionoperationline,q線與精餾段操作線;

答案:Stripingsectionoperationlineandqline,提餾段操作線與q線;Introducingrefluxindistillationresultsinmasstransferbetweenthefallingliquidphaseandtherisingvaporphase,whichincreasestheconcentrationofvolatilecomponentsintherisingvaporphase.Themostappropriatestatementis____.精餾中引入回流,下降的液相與上升的汽相發(fā)生傳質(zhì)使上升的汽相易揮發(fā)組分濃度提高,最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼f(shuō)法是____。()

A:Thedifficultvolatilecomponentsinthevaporphaseentertheliquidphase汽相中難揮發(fā)組分進(jìn)入液相;B:Thevolatilecomponentsintheliquidphaseenterthevaporphase液相中易揮發(fā)組分進(jìn)入汽相;C:Theentryofvolatilecomponentsintheliquidphaseintothevaporphaseandtheentryofnon-volatilecomponentsinthevaporphaseintotheliquidphasemustoccursimultaneously.液相中易揮發(fā)組分進(jìn)入汽相和汽相中難揮發(fā)組分進(jìn)入液相必定同時(shí)發(fā)生。D:Thevolatileandnon-volatilecomponentsintheliquidphaseenterthevaporphasesimultaneously,buttherearemorevolatilecomponentsamongthem液相中易揮發(fā)組分和難揮發(fā)組分同時(shí)進(jìn)入汽相,但其中易揮發(fā)組分較多;

答案:Theentryofvolatilecomponentsintheliquidphaseintothevaporphaseandtheentryofnon-volatilecomponentsinthevaporphaseintotheliquidphasemustoccursimultaneously.液相中易揮發(fā)組分進(jìn)入汽相和汽相中難揮發(fā)組分進(jìn)入液相必定同時(shí)發(fā)生。Giventheequationofthedistillationsectionoperatinglineasy=0.75x+0.24,theoperatingrefluxratioofthetoweris____.已知精餾段操作線方程為:y=0.75x+0.24,則該塔的操作回流比為_(kāi)___。()

A:0.9B.3B:0.96C:0.98;D:4

答案:0.96Giventheequationofthedistillationsectionoperatinglineasy=0.75x+0.24,thenthetopproductconcentrationXDis____.已知精餾段操作線方程為:y=0.75x+0.24,塔頂產(chǎn)品濃度XD為_(kāi)___。()

A:0.96B:0.9B.3C:0.98;D:4

答案:4

第二章單元測(cè)試

Theabsorptionrateismainlydeterminedbythediffusionratethroughthedoublefilm,toimprovetherelativemotionofthetwofluidsofgasandliquid,toimprovetheabsorptioneffect,thentodo____.吸收速率主要決定于通過(guò)雙膜的擴(kuò)散速度,要提高氣液兩流體的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng),提高吸收效果,則要:()

A:reducethethicknessofbothgasandliquidfilm,減少氣膜和液膜厚度B:increasethethicknessofthegasfilmandreducethethicknessoftheliquidfilm,增加氣膜厚度和減少液膜厚度C:increasethethicknessofgasandliquidfilm,增加氣膜和液膜厚度

答案:reducethethicknessofbothgasandliquidfilm,減少氣膜和液膜厚度Ifweadoptagasadsorptionprocessoperatingataveryhighliquidflowrate,theconsequenceswouldbe____.對(duì)于氣體吸收工藝,如果我們?cè)诤芨叩囊后w流速下運(yùn)行,其后果是____。()

A:lowdrivingforce,驅(qū)動(dòng)力低,B:lowequipmentcapitalcost,設(shè)備資本成本低,C:highoperationcost,運(yùn)行成本高,D:lowsteamconsumption蒸汽消耗量低

答案:lowequipmentcapitalcost,設(shè)備資本成本低,;highoperationcost,運(yùn)行成本高,Thepackingcharacteristicsthathaveagreaterimpactontheabsorptionoperationare____.對(duì)吸收操作影響較大的填料特性是____。()

A:specificsurfaceareaandfreevolume;B:theresistancetogastobesmallC:mechanicalstrength;

答案:theresistancetogastobesmallThegreatertheheightofthetotalgasphasemasstransferunitHOGoftheabsorptiontower,themorefavorabletoabsorption.吸收塔氣相總傳質(zhì)單元高度HOG越大,對(duì)吸收越有利。()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)Sincethepartialpressureofsoluteinthegasphaseoftheabsorptionprocessisalwaysgreaterthantheequilibriumpartialpressureofsoluteintheliquidphase,theabsorptionoperationlineisalwaysabovetheequilibriumline.由于吸收過(guò)程氣相中的溶質(zhì)分壓總大于液相中溶質(zhì)的平衡分壓,所以吸收操作線總是在平衡線的上方。()

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)Foracertainoperatingconditionsofthepackedabsorptiontower,suchasthetowermateriallayertoincreasesomehigher,thetowerHOGwillincrease,NOGwillremainunchanged.對(duì)一定操作條件下的填料吸收塔,如將塔料層增高一些,則塔的HOG將增加,NOG將不變。()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)Consideringthetotalcostforgasabsorption,asshowninthefollowingfigure,smallliquidflowratetoincreasethedrivingforceofmasstransferfromgasphasetoliquidphaseisalwaysdesired.考慮到氣體吸收過(guò)程的總成本,如下圖所示,總是希望用小的液體流速來(lái)增加從氣相到液相的傳質(zhì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力。()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)Weuseethylenediamine(EDA)toabsorbSO2influegas,asshowninthefollowingfigures.TheflowrateofinertgasV'=1000kmol/h;themolarfractionofSO2inthemixturegasbeforeadsorptionyb=0.04;therecoveryφA=0.95;themolarfractionofSO2infreshliquidxa=0.005.Theminimumratioofsolventtoinertgas(L'/V')minis0.2kmol/h,andthepracticalratioofsolventtoinertgasL'/V'=1.3(L'/V')min.FindsolventflowrateL'andSO2molarratioafterabsorptionXb.我們使用乙二胺(EDA)來(lái)吸收煙氣中的SO2,如以下圖所示。惰性氣體的流量V'=1000kmol/h;吸收前混合氣體中SO2的摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)yb=0.04;回收率φA=0.95;新鮮液體中SO2的摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)xa=0.005。溶劑與惰性氣體的最小比例(L'/V')min取0.2kmol/h,溶劑與惰性氣體的實(shí)際比例L'/V'=1.3(L'/V')min。求溶劑流量L'。()

A:100kmol/hB:430kmol/hC:300kmol/hD:230kmol/h

答案:300kmol/hWeuseethylenediamine(EDA)toabsorbSO2influegas,asshowninthefollowingfigures.TheflowrateofinertgasV'=1000kmol/h;themolarfractionofSO2inthemixturegasbeforeadsorptionyb=0.04;therecoveryφA=0.95;themolarfractionofSO2infreshliquidxa=0.005.Theminimumratioofsolventtoinertgas(L'/V')minis0.2kmol/h,andthepracticalratioofsolventtoinertgasL'/V'=1.3(L'/V')min.FindsolventflowrateL'andSO2molarratioafterabsorptionXb.我們使用乙二胺(EDA)來(lái)吸收煙氣中的SO2,如以下圖所示。惰性氣體的流量V'=1000kmol/h;吸收前混合氣體中SO2的摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)yb=0.04;回收率φA=0.95;新鮮液體中SO2的摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)xa=0.005。溶劑與惰性氣體的最小比例(L'/V')min取0.2kmol/h,溶劑與惰性氣體的實(shí)際比例L'/V'=1.3(L'/V')min。求吸收后氣體中SO2摩爾比Xb。()

A:0.862B:0.137C:0.632D:0.345

答案:0.137Forasegmentofpackingtowerforgasabsorption,theintegrationof[1/(Y-Y*)]dYbetweenYaandYbequals3.8,whereYisthemolarratioofsolublecomponent,Y*istheequilibriummolarratiooftheliquid,YaandYbarethemolarratiosofsoluteingasphaseatthetowertopandbottomrespectively.Thenthenumberoftransferunits(NTU)withrespecttogasphaseoveralldrivingforceis3.8.(Trueorfalse?)對(duì)于用于氣體吸收的填料塔,Ya和Yb之間的[1/(Y-Y*)]dY的積分等于3.8,其中Y是可溶組分的摩爾比,Y*是液體中的平衡摩爾比,Ya和Yb分別是塔頂和塔底氣相中的溶質(zhì)摩爾比。那么關(guān)于氣相總傳質(zhì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力的傳質(zhì)單元數(shù)(NTU)為3.8。()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)Foraplatetypestrippingtower,thenumberoftheoreticalplates(NTP)isdeterminedbygraphicmethod,asshowninthefollowingfigure.ThemolarratiosofsoluteinliquidandgasatthetowertopandbottomXa,Xb,Ya,Yb.Thenumberoftheoreticalplatesis:對(duì)于板式汽提塔,理論塔板數(shù)(NTP)通過(guò)圖形方法確定,如下圖所示。塔頂和塔底的液體和氣體中溶質(zhì)的摩爾比為Xa、Xb、Ya、Yb。理論塔板數(shù)為:()

A:7.6B:8C:1D:7

答案:7.6

第三章單元測(cè)試

Whenliquidflowrateislowinadistillationprocess,apackedcolumnispreferred.若某精餾過(guò)程中液相速率比較低,則更適合采用填料塔。()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)Inaplatecolumn,whichofthefollowingparametersarepositivelycorrelatedwithqL(liquidflowrate)?在板式塔中,下列哪些參數(shù)與液相流量正相關(guān)?()

A:τ(liquidresidenceinthedowncomer)降液管中液體的停留時(shí)間B:HETP理論板當(dāng)量高度C:eV(entrainmentratio)霧沫夾帶比D:HT板間距

答案:τ(liquidresidenceinthedowncomer)降液管中液體的停留時(shí)間;eV(entrainmentratio)霧沫夾帶比IftheMurphreeefficiencyandlocalefficienciesonaplateareveryclose,itimplies____.若某塊板上的Murphree效率和各處的局部效率非常接近,這意味著____。()

A:uniformtemperatureacrosstheplate該板上溫度分布均勻B:goodmixingacrosstheplate該板上流體混合充分C:theefficiencyofthetowerisclosetothemtoo整個(gè)塔的效率也與它們近似D:poormixingacrosstheplate該板上流體混合不夠充分

答案:goodmixingacrosstheplate該板上流體混合充分Ingeneral,whichofthefollowingtypesoftrayproducestheleastheadloss?下列哪種塔板造成的流體壓頭損失最???()

A:Sievetrays篩板B:Raschigtrays拉西板C:Bubble-captrays泡罩板D:Valvetrays浮閥板

答案:Sievetrays篩板Thesurface-area-to-volumeratioofapackingisinverselyproportionalto____.填料的比表面積與____成反比()

A:surfacetension表面張力B:particlevolume顆粒體積C:particlesize(e.g.radius)顆粒大?。剑〥:cuberootofthevoidfraction空隙率的立方根

答案:particlesize(e.g.radius)顆粒大?。剑?/p>

第四章單元測(cè)試

Intherangeof0-120℃,thespecificheatcapacitiesofvaporanddryairarerespectively.在0-120℃范圍內(nèi),水汽與干空氣的比熱容分別是。()

A:1.88kJ/(kg·℃)and1.01kJ/(kg·℃)B:1.88kJ/(kg·℃)and1.244kJ/(kg·℃)C:1.244kJ/(kg·℃)and1.88kJ/(kg·℃)

答案:1.88kJ/(kg·℃)and1.01kJ/(kg·℃)Therelativesizerelationoft,tw,tas,tdforunsaturatedairis.不飽和空氣的干球溫度t,濕球溫度tw,絕熱飽和溫度ts,露點(diǎn)溫度td的相對(duì)大小關(guān)系是。()

A:t>tw=tas>tdB:t>td>tw>tasC:tw>t>tas>td

答案:t>tw=tas>tdAtacertaintemperature,whenthehumidityincreases,thedewpointtemperaturewill.一定溫度下,當(dāng)濕度增加時(shí),其露點(diǎn)溫度將。()

A:notchange不變B:rise增加C:decrease降低

答案:rise增加Inthefallingrateperiodofdryingofporousmaterials,watervaporizesonthe()ofsolidmaterials.在多孔物料干燥過(guò)程的降速階段,水分汽化的位置是。()

A:surfaceandinside表面和內(nèi)部B:surface表面C:inside內(nèi)部

答案:surfaceandinside表面和內(nèi)部Thesmallerthedryingrateintheconstantrateperiod,the()theXc.恒速階段的干燥速率越小,臨界含水率。()

A:larger越大B:smaller越小

答案:smaller越小

第五章單元測(cè)試

Generally,thedistributioncoefficientofdiluentBis.一般情況下,稀釋劑B組分的分配系數(shù)kB值。()

A:Equalto1等于1B:Morethan1大于1C:Lessthan1小于1

答案:Lessthan1小于1TheamountofaddedextractantshouldinducethepositionofsumpointMofthesoluteandextractantbeinglocatedat.萃取劑加入量應(yīng)使原料和萃取劑的和點(diǎn)M位于。()

A:Areaabovethesolubilitycurve溶解度曲線上方區(qū)域B:Areabelowthesolubilitycurve溶解度曲線下方區(qū)域C:Onthecoordinateline坐標(biāo)線上D:Onthesolubilitycurve溶解度曲線上

答案:Areabelowthesolubilitycurve溶解度曲線下方區(qū)域Inaliquid-liquidextractionternarysystems,thereare______situationsthatcanbedistinguishedbasedonthemutualsolubilityoftheircomponents?液液萃取三元物系中,按其組分之間互溶性可區(qū)分為_(kāi)____種情況?()

A:Four四種B:Two兩種C:Five五種D:Three三種

答案:Three三種InaB-Spartiallymisciblesystem,thegreatertheamountofsolutecomponentA,thegreatertheB-Smutualsolubility.在B-S部分互溶物系中,溶質(zhì)A組分的量越大,B-S互溶度越大。()

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)Theselectivityofextractantisthefirstfactortobeconsideredwhenselectingextractant.萃取劑

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