2024年北京首師大附中高三（上）10月月考英語試題及答案

2024北京首都師大附中高三10月月考英語2024.10第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.515分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。MyfriendshipwiththestudentsinaprimaryschoolinUgandastartedonashakyground.The1_____ofnotbeingunderstoodwashiddenwithin,theyspokealanguagedifferentfromthatofmineandminetoofellondeafears.Igreetedthemwithawidesmile,andIspoketheyrepliedwithicecold2_____.Areminderechoedmymind:youmustlivethroughittogettothem.SoIgaveitanotherIspoke3_____Englishwithhandgesturesandabitofdancing.Ifallfailed,thesmilewould4_____.Soonwepickedupandthenthe5_____ofthelearnerscameintoAtthementionofaname,tremblesandfacecoveringweretheresponseIgot.Idecidedto6_____adeskwithateameachdayduringgroupworkgetAfterschoo1,1accompaniedthemhome.7____,webecamefriends.Theywereevenawareoffavoritefruit,avocado.IfIdidn'tgetoneondesk,would8_____mewhereverIwas.Myslipperswerewornout.OnenightIleftthemoutasnoonecouldstealapairofslippersinthatstate.Thenextmorning,IwasreadydragmyslippersonasusualandIwassurprisedtheyhadbeen9_____.Thelittlethingswedoforeachotherbringusgreatjoyandwarmth.don'thaveaproperspokenlanguage,butwearefluentinthelanguageof10_____.1.A.angerB.fearB.blameC.confusionC.commentD.disappointmentD.silence2.A.agreement3.A.simple4.A.turnup5.A.shyness6.A.clearB.B.breakB.lazinessB.shareC.academicC.takeoverC.lonelinessC.searchD.unusualDfadeawayD.calmnessD.exchangeD.Gradually7.A.Suddenly8.A.hiB.ObviouslyB.findC.AccidentallyC.catchC.repairedC.friendshipD.huntD.abandonedD.confidence9.A.packed10.A.sympathyB.cleanedB.admiration第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.515分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AAIsnotonlyspeeduptediouswork,theyhelptoopenupnewfieldsofscientificresearch.Forexample,using(collect)experimentaldata,scientistshavetaughtAIspredictthe3Dstructureof“foldedproteins”（折thebuildingblocksoflife,withatomicprecision.Previousscientistscouldn'ttellhowaproteinchemistrydetermineditsfoldedstructure.Thisproblemwassocomplexthatitremainedunderwayfordecades.12_____(understand)hastransformedmedicalresearchandacceleratedtheprocessofdevelopingnewdrugs.BThephilosopherLudwigthataperson'sthoughtswerelikeobjectsaclosedbox-abox13_____couldonlybe"seen"intobyoneself.canneverknowwhatanotherpersonisreallythinkingaboutorexactlywhatthingsmeantothem,sincetheboxisclosedus.Amachineintelligence,could14_____(examine)waysahumanmindcannot.Ifamachinesaiditwasthinkingofabeetle,itsprogrammingcouldbeexposed-"openingthebox"-toshowprecisely15_____itmeantby"beetle".Suchdevelopmentmight,inturn,shedlightonthemechanismsofhumanconsciousnessandthinking.C20%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissionscausedbytransport,andthereisahugeunderwaymakethesectorThismeans16_____(have)fewerfossilfuelburningvehiclesandmoreofthosepoweredbyelectricityormoresustainablefuels.pushsustainabilityalsoinvolvesusingtechnology17_____(connect)peopleandtransport,makingthemostuseofvehicles,fuelandinfrastructureandenablingashiftawayfromunnecessaryvehicleownership.arebecomingsmarter-collecting,analyzingandsharingdatatomakejourneysfasterandSelf-drivingcarsareappearingonourroadswhileaerial（空中的）andunderwaterdronesaretakingonawiderrangeofjobs.DThreelocationsinChina18_____(include)inthelistof"TheSecond100IUGSGeologicalHeritageSites"bytheInternationalUnionofGeologicalSciencesGuilinKarst,thePermianvegetationoftheFossilSiteandtheDashanpuMiddleJurassicDinosaurFossilsSitewereincludedthelist.TheIUGSsaidaGeologicalHeritageSiteisasignificantlocation_____19_____exceptionalgeologicalfeaturesandofutmostscientificimportance.Beingincludedonthislistmeansthattheselocationspossessthehighestresearchvalueandscientificlevelinthefieldofgeology_____20_____(globe).第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題2分，共分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADearSmith,IamseekinganopportunitytoworkDestinyasaComputerSystemsprofessionalexperienceandawarenessofyourhighreputationandgreatachievementshaveledmewantSince1998Ihavefocusedoncomputer-systemdesignandtraining.AsSystemsAdministratorforNewportMuseumforthepasttwoyears,Ihavedirectedaccounting,capital-campaignandpublicationproduction.designedthesystemfromscratch,developingallapplications,policies,procedures,andtrainingprograms.IwaswellpreparedsuchachallengebypreviouspositionsaSystemsSupportSpecialistandMicroComputerAssistantfortheImperialCorporationofAmerica.Overtheyears,IhaveworkedwithNovell,usingprogramsincludingdBase,andMicrosoftThisfamiliaritywithavarietyofhardwareandsoftwarehashelpedmegetupspeedonnearlyanycomputerwithaminimumtrainingperiod.AdditionalexperienceinotherfieldsalsoaddsvaluetoAsaMarketResearchCoordinatorforCushman&ofCalifornia,InotonlyresearchedandmaintainedacomprehensivedatabaseofSiliconbutalsoproducedstatisticalandwrittenreportsthatsupportCushman&reputation.IorganizedcompanywideannualsalesmeetingsforInc.Smith,whilethisexperiencemorethanqualifiestojoinanynumberofsuccessfulcompanies,itismypersonalgoalsthatleadtointerestinbeingpartoftheDestinyteam.Ibelievemypromotional,andorganizationalskills,fueledbymybeliefs,makeDestinyandmerightforeachCanwearrangeinterviewatyourearliestconvenience?Iwillcallwithinthenextweekarrangeameeting.BethHenning21.BethHennine'sworkexperiencesinclude_____A.MicroComputerAssistantforNovellB.SystemsAdministratorNewportMuseumC.SystemsSupportSpecialistforDestinyD.ComputerSystemsManagerforCorporationofAmerica22.WhileworkingwithCushman&ofCalifornia,Beth'sworkinvolved_____.A.trainingnewworkersB.maintainingadatabaseC.salesmeetingsD.developingcompanypolicies23.BethHenningprovesherselfqualifiedthepositionmainlyby_____A.stressingherpersonalitystrengthsC.listingrelevantexperiencesandskillsB.promisinghervaluethecompanyD.expressingastronginterestinthecompanyBThislittleSouthAmericanMagellanicpenguinswims5,000miles,abeachBrazil,everyyearordertobereunitedwiththemanwhosaveditslife.Itsoundslikesomethingoutofafairytale,butit'strue!71-year-oldretiredbrickworkerJoao,livesinislandvillagejustoutsideRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,foundthesmallMagellanicpenguinlyingonrockshislocalbeachinThepenguinwascoveredoilandrunningoutoftimefast.Joaorescuedthepenguin,namingitDin,cleanedtheoilitsfeathersandhimadailydietoffishrebuilditsstrength.AfteraweekofJoaoattemptedreleasethepenguinbackintothewild.Dinhadalreadyformedafamilybondwithhisrescuerandwouldn'tleave.“Hestayedwithmemonthsandthen,justafterhechangedhiscoatwithnewfeathers,hedisappeared,"Joaorecalls."Ilovethepenguinlikeit'smyownchildandIbelievethepenguinlovesme,”JoaotoldGlobo“Nooneelseallowedtotouchhim.Hepecks（啄）themiftheydo.Heliesonmylap,letsmegivehimshowers，andallowsmetofeedhim.”ProfessorKrajewski,abiologistinterviewedthefishermanforGloboTtoldIndependent:"Ihaveneverseenanythinglikethisbefore.IthinkthepenguinbelievesJoaoispartofhisfamilyandprobablyapenguinaswell."environmentalistswarnthat,whilehundredsoftheMagellanicspeciesareknownnaturallymigratethousandsofmilesnorthinsearchoffood,therehasbeenaworryingrisethephenomenonofoceaniccreatureswashinguponBrazil'sbeaches.ProfessorDavidZeefromRiodeJaneiro'sStatesaidtheincreaseisdueinpartglobalclimaticchanges.ProfessorZeeaddedthatseaanimalsfaceincreaseddangerfromleakedtankeroil.LuckilytheendingJoaoandhasbeenahappyone,eventhoughitisillegalinBrazilkeepwildanimalsaspets.ProfessorKrajewskisaid,“Professionalswhoworkwithanimalstryavoidrelationshipslikethisoccurringsotheyareablereintroducetheanimalintothewild.ButthissinglecasetheauthoritiesallowedstaywithJoaobecauseofhiskindness".24.EveryyearDinswimsalongdistancetoabeachinBrazilto_____A.avoidbeingkilledB.meethisrescuerD.findmuchmorefishC.escapefromoceancurrents25.WhenDinwasfoundin.A.hewasdying_B.hewasrunningonthebeachC.hewasrestingonarockD.hewascleaningoilhisfeathers26.WhatcanlearnaboutJoaofromthepassage?A.Hiskindnesswinsthepenguin'strust.B.Hiscontactwiththepenguinisencouragedprofessionals.C.Heoverprotectsthepenguinkeepinghimawayfromothers.D.Heisnotallowedtokeepthepenguinapetbytheauthorities.27.Thestorythepassagemainlyshows_____A.theenvironmentalimpactonwildlifeB.thelovebetweenhumansandwildlifeC.thetendencyofwildlifebondwithhumansD.theprotectionofthreatenedwildlifebymankindCWhatdoesitmeantoliveagoodlife?Thisquestionhasbeendebatedforcenturies.Inthefieldoftwomainconceptsofthegoodlifehavebeenquitepopular:Ahappylifefullofpleasureandpositiveemotions,andameaningfullifefullofpurposeandsacrifice.Butwhatifthesearen'ttheonlyoptions?Inrecentyears,along-neglectedversionofthegoodlifebeenreceivinggreaterattention:thepsychologicallyrichlife.Itisfullofcomplexmentalengagement,awiderangeofintenseanddeepemotions,anddiverse,novel,surprisingandinterestingexperiences.Sometimestheyareneitherpleasantnormeaningful.theyarerarelyboringormonotonous.Afterall,bothhappyandmeaningfullivescanbecomemonotonousandrepetitive.Apersonwithasteadyjob,marriedwithchildren,maybesatisfiedandfindhisorhermeaningfulandstillbeboredAlso,thepsychologicallyrichlifedoesn'tnecessarilyinvolveeconomicrichness.Forinstance,considerHesse'scharacterGoldmund,hasnomoneybutpursuesthelifeofafreespirit.Researchhasfoundpsychologicalrichnessisrelatedto,butpartiallydistinctfrom,bothhappyandmeaningfullives.PsychologicalrichnessisrelatedwithopennessexperienceandexperiencingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsmoreButisthepsychologicallyrichlifeonethatpeopleactuallywant?InanewQishiandhiscolleaguesaskedpeopleinninecountriesthedegreewhichtheyvalueapsychologicallyrichlife,ahappylifeandameaningfullife.Theyfoundmanypeople'sself-describedideallivesinvolvepsychologicalrichness.Whenforcedchoosealife,themajoritychoseahappylifeandameaningfullife.Evenaminorityofpeoplestillfavoredthepsychologicallyrichlife,rangingfrom6.7%Singaporeto16.8%inThesenumberswentupthedesireforapsychologicallyrichlifewasmeasuredunderstandwhatapersonwishestheirlivesmighthavebeen,itisimportantexplorewhatpeoplewishtheyhadavoidedintheirlives.Whenaskedwhattheyregretmostandwhetherundoingthiseventwouldhavemadetheirlivesmoremeaningfulorpsychologicallyabout28%ofAmericanssaidundoingtheregrettableeventwouldhavemadetheirlivespsychologicallyThesefindingssuggestthatwhilemostpeoplestrivebehappyandhavemeaningtheirlives,asizablenumberofpeoplearecontentmerelylivingapsychologicallyrichexistence.AsOishiandhiscolleaguesconclude,believethattakingthepsychologicallyrichlifeseriouslywilldeepenandenrichourunderstandingofwell-being."Attheendofthethereisnoonesingularlyacceptablepathtothegoodlife.havetofindapaththatworksbestforyou.28.WhatdoesOishi'sresearchindicate?A.TheGermanspreferpsychologicalrichnessahappylife.B.Undoingregrettableeventshasenrichedmanypeople'slives.C.Ahiddendesireforpsychologicalrichnessexistsamongsomepeople.D.Peoplewithpsychologicalrichnesstendtodescribetheirlivesasideal.29.canlearnfromthepassagethat_____A.purposeoutweighspleasureintermssignificanceB.thechoiceofagoodlifefrompersontopersonC.apositivemindsethelpsusunderstandourwell-beingDweshouldneverbecontentandalwaysstriveforthebest30.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.compareconceptsofagoodlife.B.explainhowliveapsychologicallyrichlife.C.persuadepeopletoattainpsychologicalrichness.D.drawattentiontoalessfamiliarversionofagoodlife.DScientistsoftencomplainthatpeoplearenotrational（理性的）intheiroppositiontotechnologiessuchasnuclearpowerandgeneticallymodified(GM)crops.Fromastatisticalperspective,theseareveryandsopeople'sfearcanbeexplainedonlybyemotion,strengthenedbyignorance.Electricityfromnuclearpowerhasledtofarfewerdirectdeathsthanhascoalfiredyetmanypeopleareafraidofandhardlyanyoneisafraidofcoalplants.SimilarcanbemadeaboutGMcrops,whichstudieshaveshownaregenerallysafemostpeopleeat.Scientificilliteracy（無知）maybepartoftheproblem.Mostofusareafraidofthingswedon'tunderstand,andstudieshaveshownthatscientiststendbemoreacceptingofpotentiallyriskytechnologiesthanlaypeople.Thissuggeststhatwhenpeopleknowalotaboutsuchtechnologies,theyareusuallyreassured.Butthere'smoretotheissuethanmeetstheeye.Itistruethatmanyofusfeartheunknown,butitisalsotruethatwedon'tcareenoughaboutroutinerisks.Partoftheexplanationiscomplacency:wetendnottofeartheandthusfamiliaritycanleadusunderestimaterisk.TheinvestigationintotheDeepwaterHorizonblowoutandoilspillin2010showedthatcomplacency-amongexecutives,amongengineersandamonggovernmentofficials-wasamajorcauseofthatthefactthatexpertsareunworriedaboutathreatisnotnecessarilyreassuring.ScientistsalsomakeamistakewhentheyassumethatpublicconcernsarewhollyorevenmostlyaboutSomepeopleobjectGMcropsbecausethesecropsfacilitatetheincreaseduseofchemicals.OthershaveaproblemwiththesocialimpactsthatswitchingGMcanhaveontraditionalfarmingcommunitiesorwiththepoliticalimplicationsofleavingashareofthefoodsupplyinhandsofacorporations.Geoengineering（地球工程學(xué)）tolessentheimpactsofclimatechangeisanotherexample.Laypeopleaswellasscientistsmoreconcernedaboutoversight（監(jiān)管）thanWhowilldecidewhetherthisisagoodtodealwithclimatechange?IfweundertaketheprojectofsettingtheglobaltemperaturebycontrollinghowmuchsunlightreachesEarth'ssurface,whowillbeincludedthat"we”andbywhatprocesswillthe“right"globaltemperaturebechosen?Canwesaywhichgroup'sviewisclosertoanaccurateassessment?31.Theunderlinedword“complacency"Paragraph3probablymeans_____A.overconfidenceB.predictionC.underestimationD.carelessness32.Theexampleofgeoengineeringisusedtothat_____A.safetyisnotthewholeconcernofthepublicB.geoengineeringishighlyrecognizedbyscientistsC.thepublicareunnecessarilytroubledbyclimatechangeD.lesseningtheimpactsofclimatechangeisagreatchallenge33.Whatcanlearnfromthepassage?A.Scientificilliteracyisamajorcauseofdisasters.B.safetyoftechnologiescanbeaccuratelyassessed.C.Scientistsmisjudgepeople'soppositiontechnologies.D.Peopleareunworriedaboutriskswithproperoversight.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlethepassage?A.IgnoranceorSafetyB.WhoIsRationalAboutRiskD.ShouldScientistsHaveaSayinRiskC.WhyCan'tPeople第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PoorSleepLoneliness:ACycle?Thefeelingofbeinglonelyisthesensethatyouhavelesssocialcontactwithothersthanyouwant.Itisnotquitethesameastheamountofsocialcontactyouhave.Somepeopledon'tengagethatoftenwithothers,buttheyareperfectlyfinewiththat,andsotheydon'tfeelalone._____35_____Beinglonelyisassociatedwithpoorerpsychologicalhealth.Oneareaofresearchhasfocusedspecificallyontherelationshipbetweenlonelinessandsleep.Thereareseveralinter-relatedquestions:Isfeelinglonelyrelatedthequalityofpeople'ssleep?Whataspectsofsleeparerelatedtoloneliness?doeslonelinesscausesleepproblems,ordodifficultieswithsleepingleadfeelingsofloneliness?_____36_____TherelationshipbetweenlonelinessandsleepwasexploredapaperbyMelanieHomandCaolChuintheSeptember2020issueofClinicalPsychologicalScience.Theyanalyzedthedataofpreviousstudiesrelatingsleepqualityfeelingsofloneliness._____37_____Thisrelationshipisstrongerinsomnia（失眠癥）thansleepcomplaintslikenightmares.Inaddition,themorelonelinesspeopleexpress,thelesseffectivetheythinktheirsleepis.Althoughpoorsleepandlonelinessarecloselyrelated,itisharddeterminewhetherlonelinesscausessleepdifficultiesorthereverse（相反）._____38_____Itisbecauseyoucanlookseewhethersleepdifficultiesatonetimepredictlaterfeelingsoflonelinessorwhetherlonelinessearlyonpredictslatersleepdifficulties.sleepproblemspredictedlaterlonelinessandlonelinesspredictedlatersleepdifficulties.theconnectionbetweenearliersleepdifficultiesandlaterlonelinesswasgenerallystrongerthanthatbetweenearlierlonelinessandlatersleepdifficulties.Thispatternsuggeststhattheremaybeaviciouscycle,though,inwhichpoorsleepcanincreasefeelingsofloneliness,whichcaninturnincreasesleepdifficulties.Ifyouaresomeonehastroublesleeping,beawarethatpoorsleeplowersyourresilienceoverall.Amongotherthings,maymakeitharderforyoutoappreciatethesocialcontactsyouhave._____39_____Thataddedsocialengagementjustmighthaveapositiveimpactyourfuturesleep.A.Long-termstudiesthatfollowthesamepeopleovertimehelp.B.Ifyouhavedifficultyinsocialengagement,youmayfeelC.Otherpeoplemayspendalotoftimewithothers,butstilllongformore.D.Theseissuesareimportantbecausepoorsleepcanpsychologicalhealth.Esolvetheproblem,youshouldmonitoryoursleepingqualityandphysicalhealth.E.Ifyouhavetroublesleeping,tryspendingmoretimereachingoutfriendsandlovedones.G.Theresultsindicatethatmoresleepdifficultiespeopleexpresstheyhave,theloneliertheyfeel.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第題5分，共閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。DigitalInclusionforOlderAdultsAsaresearcherinthebehaviorofolderadults,Iregularlyhearcomplaintsfromthemlike,"I'mjustnotpartofthisworldanymore.IncertainpartsofIjustcan'tjoin...SomethingsjustarenotpossibleifyouarenotintheflowoftheInternet."orfeellikewe'restandingoutsideabuildingthatwehavenoaccessto."masteringdigitaltechnologyhasbecomeakeycomponentofwhatitmeanstofullyparticipateButoneareaparticularthreatenstopreventsomeolderadultsfrommakingconnections:thedigitaldivide.Asarecentstudyshows,one-thirdofadultsaged65andoldersaythey'veneverusedtheInternet,andhalfdon'thaveInternetaccessathome.OfthosedousetheInternet,nearlyhalfsaytheyneedsomeoneelse'shelptosetuporuseanewdigitaldevice.Incontrastconcernsabouttechnologyuseincreasingisolation（孤立）amongyoungerpopulations,thecommunicationandconnectionpossibleonlinecanbeespeciallyvaluableforolderadultswhoarehomebound,farawayfromorhavelostthelovedones.Olderadultscanuseonlinetoolsconnectwithfriendsandfamilyviamessagingplatforms,videochat,andsocialmediaeveniftheycannolongerphysicallyvisitthem.Andtheycanengagewiththeoutsideworldthroughnews,blogs,streamingplatforms,andemail,eveniftheyarenolongerabletomoveaboutaseasilyastheyoncecould,Forolderadultstherisksassociatedwithsocialisolationareprofound.Lonelinessamongolderadultshasbeenassociatedwithdepression,functionaldecline,anddeath.canserveasanimportanttooltohelpreducethererisks,butonlyifweprovideolderadultswiththeskillstheyneed,makeinclusionthedigitalworldaccessibletothem.Theimportanceofdigitalinclusionisgoingtodisappearwiththegenerationalchangesofthecomingdecades.iscontinuouslydeveloping,andwitheachdigitalinnovationcomechallengesforevenyoungeradultstoadapt.40.Whatpreventssomeolderadultsfromconnectingwithsociety?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________41.WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph3indicate?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainEnablingold