北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷12

北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷12

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。）

1、Allthecreditcardorganizationschargeinterestonamonthlybasiswhichmay

25percentayear,yetjudiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainupto

weeksinterest-free-credit.

A、comeup

B、accountfor

C、addup

D、workout

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；B

知識點(diǎn)解析:各項(xiàng)含義是:comeup上升;accountfor占；addup合計(jì);workout

制定,由題意可知，所有信用卡組織定期征收利息，每年為25%,故選以

2、Asfarassheisconcerned,onepieceofmusicisverymuchlike.

A、another

B、theother

CNother

D、anyother

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：“asfarassheisconcerned”意思是"就她而言，依她的看法來講

3、ManypeopleinWaleshaveanaffinitywithmusic.

A^reputationfor

B、solubilityin

C>tincturein

D、attractionto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：本題中，affinity的意思是“密切關(guān)系，吸引力，姻親關(guān)系，親和

力”，affinitywith的意思是“對……有吸引力D項(xiàng)attractionto”對……有吸引力”

符合題意，如：Theideaofworkingforstate-ownedenterpriseshaslittleattractionto

youngpeoplenowadays.（現(xiàn)時去國有企業(yè)就職的想法對年輕人沒有多大吸引力。）

其他三項(xiàng)reputationfor”有...名聲”，solubility由"在里可溶解"，tincture

in”在……有些許味道''都不正確。

4^Whilehewasnotdumberthananox,hewasnotanysmarter;somostofhis

classmateswerelenientandhelpedhimalong.

A、helpful

B、merciful

C^enthusiastic

D^intelligent

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；B

知識點(diǎn)解析：lenient仁慈的，寬大的；helpful有幫助的，有益的；merciful仁慈

的,慈悲的：enthusiastic熱心的,熱情的：imelligem聰明的。

5、Amanhastomakeforhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughmoneytoliveon

whenold.

A^supply

B、assurance

C>provision

D、storage

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：本題是說一個人得為老年做準(zhǔn)備，儲存足夠的錢以供老年時生活所

用。C項(xiàng)"provisionn.準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備（makeprovisionfor/against）；供應(yīng)（provision

of）”,符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)中，supplyn.“供應(yīng)（量）“；assurancen."保證,表示保

證的話；把握，信心；（人壽）保險(xiǎn)"；storagen,“貯藏，保管；存儲”，都與題意不

符6

6、Hewasandreadytoconformtothepatternsetbyhisfriends.

A、complacent

compliant

C、determined

D、intractable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：（compliant順從的）。句意為：他很順從，愿意與朋友們?yōu)樗麡淞⒌陌?/p>

樣保持一致。A.complacent自滿的；C.determined有決心的；D.intractable?

處理的。

7、Fallingsalesandrisingoverheadshaveobligedthecompanytorevieweach

customer飛limit.

A、credit

B、currency

Cscheck

D^certificate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析；A.信貸；B.貨幣；C.支票；D.證書。

8、VillagersandthosenewlyarrivedfromEurope,fedupwithtermsofemploymentand

tenancyintheruralareas,tookadvantageofcheapmoderntransportationtomoveinto

thecities.

A、discontentedwith

B、acquaintedwith

C^furnishedwith

D^favouredwith

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

9、ItisamyththatthelawpermitstheFoodandDrugAdministrationtoignore

requirementsfordrugswhilebrand-namedrugsstillmustmeettheserigidtests.

A、specific

generic

C、intricate

D、acrid

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；B

知識點(diǎn)解析：generic商品不注冊的，一般的，普通的；這里是指無商標(biāo)名和有商

標(biāo)名藥品之對比，后者必須經(jīng)嚴(yán)格測定。specific特定，特殊的；intricate復(fù)雜的，

錯綜的；acrid辛辣的，言語刻薄的。

10、Everypersononthesalesteamisbecausetheyworktogetherwell.

A>incompatible

B、incredible

C、indefinite

D、indispensable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：句意：銷售團(tuán)隊(duì)的每一個成員都是不可或缺的，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰獔F(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)

作。indispensable不可或缺的。incompatible不相容的。incredible難以置信的。

indefinite不確定的°

11、Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshave

comeabout.

Asaccordingly

B、accidentally

C、artificially

D^additionally

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；B

知識點(diǎn)解析：本題是一道形近詞辨析題。A項(xiàng)的accordingly意為“相應(yīng)地；因此，

所以，于是“。B項(xiàng)的accidentally意為“意外地，偶然地”。C項(xiàng)的artificially意為

“人造地；造作地，虛假地D項(xiàng)的additionally意為“另外地，附加地”。

12^Severaltrialeffortsinthe1980sprovedthatitwasfinanciallytorestoreold

buildings.

A、feasible

B、probable

C、beneficiary

D、passable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析；feasible可行的，行得通的；probable可能的；beneficiary受惠者，受

益人；passable可通過的。

13、Somecustomstravelwell.Often,however,behaviorthatisconsideredtheepitome

ofathomeisperceivedasimpossibilyrudeor,attheleast,harmlesslybizarre

abroad.

Axnovelty

eccentricity

C、urbanity

tolerance

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；C

知識點(diǎn)解析：（urbanily彬彬有禮）。句意為：一些風(fēng)俗流傳甚廣，然而在國內(nèi)被認(rèn)

為是象征彬彬有禮的行為在國外往往被認(rèn)為是非常粗魯?shù)?，至少被認(rèn)為是雖無害但

非常怪誕的行為。A.novelty新奇;B.eccentricity古怪;D.tolerance忍受。

14、ThankyoufbrapplyingforapositionwithOurfirm.Wedonothaveanyopenings

atthistime,butweshallkeepyourapplicationonfbrtwomonths.

A^pile

B、segment

C、sequence

Dsfile

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：onfile存檔：Placeadocumentonfile.把文件存檔。pile一堆:apile

ofsand一堆沙子。segment部分：Therunnerwentfasteronthemiddlesegmentofthe

course.那名賽跑運(yùn)動員跑到中途時速度更快了。sequence順序；inhistorical

sequence按歷史順序。

15、Notuntilthe1980'$inBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoric

buildingsfromdestruction.

A、someconcernedcitizens

someconcerningcitizens

C、didsomeconcerningcitizens

D、didsomeconcernedcitizens

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：這是一個典型的倒裝句型，且表示“關(guān)心的”應(yīng)該用concerned,

concerning的意思是“有關(guān)的"，所以選D。

16>Inthedarktheycouldnotseeanythingclear,butcould.

A、hearsomebodymouni

B>hearsomebodymourning

C、hearsomebodymourned

D、hearsomebodyhadbeenmourning

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析;hearsomebodydoingsomething聽見...正在做

17、Theywerecompletelybytheheavyrain.

A、drenched

B%drowned

C、parched

D、merged

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；A

知識點(diǎn)解析：drench浸泡，使?jié)裢浮rown溺死，使迷戀。parch烤干，使極度口

渴6merge合并°

18、ThattragedydistressedmesomuchthatIusedtokeepindoorsandgooutonly

necessity.

A^withinreachof

B、forfearof

C、bymeansof

D、incaseof

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)上下文，應(yīng)該是“在需要的時候或萬不得已的時候“，所以用in

caseof表示“假如，萬一“。forfearof生怕，以免；withinreachof在可及范圍之

內(nèi)；bymeadsof用，依靠。

19^Itisreportedthattheworstpedestrianjaminthiscityoccursaroundthiscrossroads.

A^confession

B、congestion

C、digestion

D、exhaustion

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：本題中，jam的意思是“堵塞”。四個選項(xiàng)中，congestion的意思是“擁

塞，如；Inmanybigcities,congestionintherushhourissoseriousthattakingabus

provesadreadedordeal.（在許多大城市里，高峰時的交通非常擁擠，這時乘公共汽

車真是一場可怕的經(jīng)歷。Confession的意思是“供認(rèn)，承認(rèn)digestion的意思是

“消化力，領(lǐng)悟”；exhaustion的意思是“耗盡，枯竭”。只有B項(xiàng)

20、Hedemandedthateffectivemeasuresbetakentopulanendtocheatinginexams.

A、hoped

B、urged

C%persuaded

D、convinced

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

21、Theparty'sreducedvotewasoflackofsupportforitspolicies.

A、indicative

B、positive

C、revealing

Dsevident

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，A

知識點(diǎn)解析：indicative”表明的，表示的”,常與of連用，符合題意。如：His

presenceisindicativeofhisinterestinourplan.他的到來表示他對我們的計(jì)劃發(fā)生興

趣；bepositiveabout/of表示“確信，確知"；revealing、evident不與介詞of搭配。

22、Therearenosolitary,free-livingcreature;everyformoflifeisotherform.

Axparallelto

dependenton

C、segregatedfrom

D、overlappedwith

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

23、howtheimmaturebrainpreventsseizure-inducedcellinjuryordeathcould

leadtonewmethodstoreduceorpreventseizuredamageinadults.

AsTounderstand

B、Tobeunderstood

C、Havingbeenunderstood

D^Understanding

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；A'

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

24、Hehadbeencompletelyexhaustedbutfeltconsiderablyafteramealanda

rest.

A、renewed

recreated

C、reshaped

D、refreshed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題中exhausted,afteramealandarc3t可以推測空格處單詞的意

思是“恢復(fù)，體力充沛"，refresh”（食物、睡眠等）使精力恢復(fù)''最符合要求，是正確

答案。其余三項(xiàng)的意思是：rensw使恢復(fù)，續(xù)借；recreate使得到休養(yǎng)，消遣；

reshape重新修訂。句意；他已經(jīng)筋疲力盡了，但吃過東西休息之后他又充滿活力

了。

25、Thenewmanagerhadmanydifficultiestoovercomebuthethemallinhis

stride.

A^overlooked

B、obtained

C>tackled

Dxtook

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析，各項(xiàng)的意思是,overlook"忽視,監(jiān)督,管理”:obtain”獲得,得到,

流行"；tackle"解決，應(yīng)付Rtake"帶(去)，攜帶，需要，容納，

26、Whileinadrunkenhebecameabusiveandviolentandhadtoberestrained

byhotelstaff.

A、stole

B、stutter

Cxsty

D、stupor

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：stole女用披肩，長巾；stutter口吃，結(jié)結(jié)巴巴；sty豬欄，豬圈；

stupor昏迷，恍惚。

27、Weallknowthatitisveryhardtohimtogivehisplanup.

A、endeavor

reduce

C、assert

D、induce

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析；暫無解析

28、Thewastepipeisblocked;tryitoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumperto

doit

Axblushing

B、crushing

C、brushing

D、flushing

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；D

知識點(diǎn)解析:blushing臉紅；crushing壓碎,碾碎；弄皺；brushing刷；寫；掠過；

flushing用水沖洗。

29、ItisA(estimated)thatascientificprinciplehasB(alifeexpectancy)of

approximatelyC(adecade)beforeD(itdrastically)revisedorreplacedbynewer

information.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：itdrastically改為itisdrastically,用被動語態(tài)。

30、Theprotestswerepartoftheiragainsttheproposedbuildingdevelopmentin

thearea.

A^commission

B、commitment

C、convention

D、campaign

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：空格所在部分意思為，抗議是——的一部分。將各選項(xiàng)代人，只有

campaign"戰(zhàn)役；運(yùn)動；活動”符合題意，因此本題選D。

二、閱讀理解(本題共“5題，每題1.0分，共“5

分。)

Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofan

appropriatepunishmentforthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneform

ofequality,wefindinitsearlierexpressionstheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.

RecordedintheOldTestamentistheexpression"aneyeforaneye,andatoothfora

tooth.,rThatis,theindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenceagainst

society.Tomakeupforhisoffence,societymustgeteven.Thiscanbedoneonlyby

doinganequalinjurytohim.Thisconceptionofretributivejusticeisreflectedinmany

partsofthelegaldocumentsandproceduresofmoderntimes.Itisillustratedwhenwe

demandthedeathpenaltyforapersonwhohascommittedmurder.Thisphilosophyof

punishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegel.Hebelieved-thatsocietyowed

ittothecriminaltogiveapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.Thecriminal

hadbyhisownactionsdeniedhistrueselfanditisnecessarytodosomethingthatwill

counteractthisdenialandrestoretheselfthathasbeendenied.Tothemurderernothing

lessthangivinguphisownwillpayhisdebt.Thedemandofthedeathpenallyisaright

thestateowesthecriminalanditshouldnotdenyhimhisdue.Modernjuristshavetried

toreplaceretributivejusticewiththenotionofcorrectivejustice.Theaimofthelatteris

nottoabandontheconceptofequalitybuttofindamoreadequatewaytoexpressit.It

triestopreservetheideaofequalopportunityforeachindividualtorealizethebestthatis

inhim.Thecriminalisregardedasbeingsociallyillandinneedoftreatmentthatwill

enablehimtobecomeanormalmemberofsociety.Beforeatreatmentcanbe

administered,thecauseofhisantisocialbehaviourmustbefound.Ifthecausecanbe

removed,provisionsmustbemadetohavethisdone.Onlythosecriminalswhoare

incurableshouldbepermanentlyseparatedfromtherestofthesociety.Thisdoesnot

meanthatcriminalswillescapepunishmentorbequicklyreturnedtotakeupcareersof

crime.Itmeansthatjusticeistohealtheindividual,notsimplytogetevenwithhim.If

severepunishmentistheonlyadequatemeansforaccompanyingthis,itshouldbe

administered.However,theindividualshouldbegiveneveryopportunitytoassumea

normalplaceinsociety.Hisconvictionofcrimemustnotdeprivehimoftheopportunity

tomakehiswayinthesocietyofwhichheisapart.(450words)

31、Thebesttitleforthisselectionis

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析，文章一開始就指出，社會的公正包括兩個方面：對被告的公正審判以

及對罪犯恰當(dāng)?shù)膽土P。然后，作者就報(bào)應(yīng)型公正（第一段）和改正型公正（第二段）分

別進(jìn)行了論述。

32、Hegelwouldviewthedeathsentenceformurderas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析；在文章第一段后半部分，黑格爾認(rèn)為社會對犯人的懲處應(yīng)該和他所犯

下的罪行相等。既然罪犯以自己的行動否定了自己，他就得為他過錯彌補(bǔ)。如果該

判他死刑，他就必須去死，這也是政府賦予罪犯的一種義務(wù)。這個觀點(diǎn)與D”是殺

人犯與生俱來的權(quán)利''相似，故選Do

33、WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：參考第一段第七句，報(bào)應(yīng)型公正做法迄今還在用。

34、Thepunishmentthatwouldbemostinconsistentwiththeviewsofcorrectivejustice

wouldbe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析；“死刑電椅”在文章里不但沒有提到，而且與改正型的精神不符，故選

D.

35、TheBiblicalexpression"aneyeforaneye.andatoothforatooth"waspresentedin

orderto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析；從文章第一段第二句后半部分wefindinitsearlierexpressionstheidea

ofapunishmentequaltothecrime中的earlier可以看出，作者想說的是人類很早就

注意這方面了，故選D。

Onedayin1963,adolphinnamedElvarandafamousastronomer,CarlSagan,were

playingalittlegame.Theastronomerwasvisitinganinstitutewhichwaslookingintothe

waydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.Hewasstandingatthe3dgeofoneofthe

tankswhereseveralofthesehighlyintelligent,friendlycreatureswerekept.Elvarhad

justswumupalongsidehimandhadturnedonhishack.HewantedSagantoscratchhis

stomachagain,astheastronomerbaddonetwicebefore.ButthistimeElvarwastoodeep

inthewaterforSagantoreachhim.ElvarlookedupatSagan,waiting.Then,aftera

minuteorso,thedolphinleaptupthroughthewaterintotheairandmadeasoundjust

liketheword'More!'Theastonishedastronomerwenttothedirectoroftheinstituteand

toldhimabouttheincident.r0h,yes.That'soneofthewordsheknows,'thedirectorsaid,

showingnosurpriseatall.Dolphinshavebiggerbrainsinproportiontotheirbodysize

thanhumanshave,andithasbeenknownforalongtimethattheycanmakeanumberof

sounds.Whatismore,thesesoundsseemtohavedifferentfunctions,suchaswarning

eachotherofdanger.Soundtravelsmuchfasterandmuchfurtherinwaterthanitdoesin

air.Thatiswhythepartsofthebrainthatdealwithsoundaremuchbetterdevelopedin

dolphinsthaninhumans.Butcanitbesaidthatdolphinshavea'language*inthereal

senseoftheword?Scientistsdon'tagreeonthis.Alanguageisnotjustacollectionof

sounds,orevenwords.Alanguagehasastructure,orwhatwecallagrammar.The

grammarofalanguagehelpstogiveitmeaning.Forexample,thetwoquestions'Who

lovesMary?'and'WhodoesMarylove?1meandifferentthings.Ifyoustoptothinkabout

it,youwillseethatthisdifferencedoesn'tcomefromthewordsinthequestionbutfrom

thedifferenceinstructure.Thatiswhythequestion'Candolphinsspeak?'can'tbe

answereduntilwefindoutffdolphinsnotonlymakesoundsbutalsoarrangethemin

wayswhichaffecttheirmeaning.

36>Thedolphinleaptintotheairbecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：海豚跳起來是想讓Sagan繼續(xù)給它撓肚皮。

37>WhenSagantoldthedirectoraboutwhatthedolphinhaddone,thedirector.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：當(dāng)主任被告知海豚的這一行為時，他的反應(yīng)是“showingnosurpriseat

air,一點(diǎn)也不驚奇。

38、Dolphins'brainsareparticularlywell-developedto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析-；從倒數(shù)第二段中我們可以知道海豚能發(fā)出很多種聲音，所以它的大腦

中處理聲音的部分得到了高度進(jìn)化。

39、Thesoundswecallwordscanbecalledalanguageonlyif.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；D

知識點(diǎn)解析：由最后一段前兩句話可以知道：一種語言不僅僅是詞語的集合，它還

必須具有一定的結(jié)構(gòu)或者說是語法。

Youknowyoushoulddoit,otherpeopledoitallthetime.Maybeyou'vealreadydoneit

butitwasn'tverysatisfying,andyou'dliketolearntodoitbetter.I'mtalking,ofcourse,

abouthavingabusinesslunch.Don'tfeelembarrassedifyouareuncomfortablewiththe

ideaofsittingoveragrilledchickenbreast,talkingtoaprospectiveclient.Most

inexperienced,overeagerlaunchersbelievethemainpurposeofabusinesslunchisto

either(a)conductbusinessor(b)eatlunch,andthey'reunsurehowtomixthetwo.Doni

worry!Businesslunchesarentabouteitherbusinessorlunch,they'reaboutbuilding

relationships.Oneofmybusinessrulesis"Peopledobusinesswithpeopletheylike."

Often,it'snotproducts,prices,orthecompanythatmakesthesale—it'stheperson

Businesslunchesaretheperfecttimeforyouandyourclient,supplier,oremployeeto

gottoknoweachotheraspeople.Thishelpsestablishcommoninterestsandmakes

workingtogethereasier.Thesinglemostimportantthingyoucandoatabusiness

lunchevenmoreimportantthanpickingupthetabislisten.Youdon'tneeda

particularreasontoasksomeonetolunch,sodon'twaituntilforacertainoccasionor

issue.Don*tmakeitseemlikelunchisgoingtobeasalescall.Instead,trythe

straightforwardapproach."We'vebeendoingbusinesstogetherforalmostayear.I*dlike

totakeyoutolunchandgettoknowyoualittlebetter."Oralittlelessstraightforward,

"I'mofteninyourarea,howabouthavinglunchsometime?'*Havetheotherperson

suggestaplacetoeat"Istherearestaurantyou'vebeenwantingtotry.?"Orifyou

havealimitedbudget,youchooseanice-mid-pricedrestaurant.ForgetMcDonald's.If

you'rethankingsomeoneforanimportantorder,takethemtoareallyspecial,possibly

new,restaurant.Ifyoudidtheinviting,youpickupthetab,evenifyourguestsays,"1

canputthisonmycompany'screditcard."Butdon'thaveascenearguingoverthecheck.

Youcanjustsay,"Youcangetthenextone."Somecompanieshavepoliciesthatdon't

permitemployeestobetreated;inthatcase,splitthetab.

40、Abusinesslunchcanbeviewedassuccessfulif.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：第四段最后一句話：Businesslunchesaren'taboutcitherbusinessor

lunch,they'reaboutbuildingrelationships.說明生意午餐是用來建立關(guān)系的，所以

如果建立了良好的關(guān)系，那么這頓生意午餐就是成功的。

41、Accordingtothewriter,onecanoffertoinviteaclienttolunch.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；C

知識點(diǎn)解析：由文中“Youdon'tneedaparticularreasontoasksomeonetolunch,so

don'twaituntilforacertainoccasionorissue”這句話可以得到答案。

42、Duringabusinesslunchit'simportantto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識點(diǎn)解析：第七段中已經(jīng)說明，在吃飯時，最重要的是傾聽。

43、Thefollowingplacesmightbegoodchoicesfbrabusinesslunchexcept.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：倒數(shù)第二段有一句話“ForgetMcDonakTs."，意思是不要去麥當(dāng)勞。

所以答案為B。

44、Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulbusinessmanshouldknow.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章講述生意午餐的用途是與客戶建立良好的關(guān)系，可見一個成功的

商人應(yīng)該知道怎樣與客戶交朋友。這才是最重要的。

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderable

enlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshouses

andcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumane

careinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatment,whichmighthelprestorethemto

sanity.Bythemid-1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800s

andearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunableto

appropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedand

prisonlike.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthe

mentalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotect

patientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesin

whichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.TheseConditionscontinueduntilafter

WordWar口.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormental

illnessesthereforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulin

treatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,

andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyiii.Improvements

weremade,andDr.DavidVail'S.Humanepracticesprogramisabeaconfortoday.But

changeswereslowincominguntiltheearly19608.Atthatlime?theCivilRights

MovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica*sprisons,whichweredisproportionately

populatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthat

wereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswere

filledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemand

theirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwith

peoplewhowereconsidered"crazy,'andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplace

throughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.The

youngcadreofpublicinterestlav/yerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.The

lawyersfoundapopulationthatv/asbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,

afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystatesthey

werebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjusticewhich,onceexposedwasbound

toshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Judicialinterventionshave

hadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannot

providethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare*The

detailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplecannotbemandatedbyacourtsoitistimeto

takefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceof

patientfightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandate

wasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowrite

rulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentis

givenandpatients1rightsarerespected.

45、Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析；文章講了“關(guān)注精神病人的健康”問題的發(fā)展歷程，但其最終的目的是

引起社會和政府對這個問題的關(guān)注，尤其是文章最后一段講的很清楚具體.因此選

C比較合適。

46、Thepassageprovidesinformationthatwouldhelpanswerallofthefollowing

questionsEXCEPT.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識點(diǎn)解析：排除法，A、B、D均能從文中找到答案，關(guān)于C,文章只提到民權(quán)

運(yùn)動，但并未舉出典型的案例，只是總的介紹。

47、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathadtheCivilRightsMovementnot

promptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，A

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段可知，如果沒有民權(quán)運(yùn)動下律師們對監(jiān)獄狀況的調(diào)查，那

么也不會有之后對精神病罪犯醫(yī)院的調(diào)查，所以A正確。B、D兩項(xiàng)與民權(quán)運(yùn)動無

關(guān)；C文中未提及。

48、Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；A

知識點(diǎn)解析：最后一段第一句講到司法的介入會有一定的積極效果，但是人們也日

益意識到法院不能給他們提供standardsandthereviewmechanisms來確保好的醫(yī)

療。最后也提到Thoughitisadifficulttask...rightsarerespected,由此可見其基調(diào)是

謹(jǐn)慎而義樂觀的。

49、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetopicfortheauthortoaddress

inthenextparagraphfollowingthefinalparagraphoftheselection?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，C

知識點(diǎn)解析：如果接著最后一段往下，最適合的話題應(yīng)該是概述前文提到的醫(yī)療標(biāo)

準(zhǔn)，就是指導(dǎo)醫(yī)療管理員如何在保證尊重病人人權(quán)的條件下進(jìn)行治療的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

CrossingWesleyanUniversity'scampususuallyrequireswalkingovercolorfulmessages

chalkedontheground.Theycanbeasinnocentasmeetingannouncements,butina

growingnumberofcasesthelanguageismeanttoshock.It'snotuncommon,for

instance,toseelewdreferencetoprofessors*sexualpreferencesscrawledacrossapathor

thementionoftheword"Nig"thatAfrican-Americanstudentssaymakethemfeel

uncomfortable.Inresponse,officialsandstudentsatschoolsarenov/debatingwaysto

leadtheircommunitiesawayfromformsofexpressionthatoffendorharass.Inthe

process,they'reputtingupagainstthedifficultiesofregulatingspeechatinstitutionsthat

pridethemselvesonfosteringopendebate.Mr.BennetofWesleyansayshehadgotten

usedtoseeingoccasionalchalkingsfilledwithfour-letterwords.Campustraditionmade

anyhorizontalsurfacenotattachedtoabuildingapotentialbillboard.Butwhen

chalkingsbegantakingonamorethreateningandobscenetone,Bennetdeeidedtoact.

"Thisisnotacceptableinaworkplaceandnotacceptableinaninstitutionofhigher

learning,'1Bennetsays.Fornow,Bennetisseekinginputaboutwhatkindofmessage-

postingpolicytheschoolshouldadopt.Thestudentassemblyrecentlypassedaresolution

sayingtheurighttospeechcomeswithimplicitresponsibilitiestorespectcommunity

Standards".Otherpublicuniversitieshaveconfrontedproblemsthisyearwhile

consideringvariouswaysofregulatingwherestudentscanexpressthemselves.At

HarvardLawSchool,therecentcontroversywasmorelinkedtotheacademicsetting.

Minoritystudentsthereareseekingtocurbwhattheyconsiderharassingspeechinthe

wakeofaseriesofincidentslastspring*Atameetingheldbythe"CommitteeonHealth

Diversity*1lastweek,theschoofsBlackLawStudentsAssociationendorsedapolicy

targetingdiscriminatoryharassment.Itwouldtriggerareviewbyschoolofficialsifthere

werechargesof"severeorpervasiveconduct"bystudentsorfaculty.Thepolicywould

coverharassmentbasedon,butnotlimitedto,factorssuchasrace,religion,creed,sexual

orientation,nationalorigin,andethnicity.BostonattorneyHarveySilverglate,saysother

schoolshaveadoptedsimilarharassmentpoliciesthatareactuallyspeechcodes,

punishingstudentsforraisingcertainideas."Restrictingstudentsfromsayinganything

thatwouldbeperceivednsveryunpleasantbyanotherstudentcontinuesuninterruptedJ

saysSilverglale,whoattendedtheHarvardLawTownMeetinglastweek.

50、WhatisthetypicalscenefoundinthecampusofWesleyanUniversity?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

51、Fromthepassagewecanknowthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

52、WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribeMr.Bcnncfsreactiontothe

doodlingoffcampus?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

53、Theessenceoftheproblemisto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

54、Whatisthepolicyadoptedbymanyschoolsafterheateddebating?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

NationalParkshavemoreandmorevisitorseachyear.Inthelasttenyearsthenumberof

campersusingthecampsiteshasmorethandoubled.Campingasafamilyvacationhas

suddenlybecomeextremelypopularinAmerica.Itisacheapwaytotravel;itssimple

pleasuresareapleasantchangefromhecticurbanlife;anditcanbeenjoyedbychildren

ofallages.Incartrunksorinracksonlopofcars,familiesloadatent,sleepingbags,

inflatablemattresses,cookingpansandeatingutensils,andanicechestforstoringfood.

Whentheyarriveatacampinggroundtheyfindaclearedspaceinwhichtopitchtheir

tent,afireplaceforcooking,andusuallyapicnictableandbenches-waterandfirewood

nearby.Byeveningtheyaresettledunderthestars,thecampsitearoundthemdottedwith

lightsfromcookingfiresandlanternshungfromtrees.Vacationsarcnotallinresortsor

inthewilderness.SwarmsofvacationingAmericansvisitNewYorkandWashington

eachyear.TheyvisitNewYorkbecausethereisnoplaceintheworldlikethis

tremendous,excitingcity,thebusiestportintheworld,withitsgreatsteelandglass

skyscrapers,itstheatersandshops,itsbeautyofskylineandshoreline,anditsthrilling

five-centferryridepasttheStatueofLiberty.TheyvisitWashingtonbecauseitisthe

nation'scapital,wheretheycanseetheirgovernmentatwork,tourthepublicroomsof

theirPresident'shome,theWhiteHouse,andwalkalongthewideavenuestotheart

galleriesandmuseums.Heretheycanseeexhibitsofthenativepeoplesoftheirland—the

IndiansandtheEskimos.TheycanlookatLindbergh'ssmall,fragileplaneinwhichhe

crossedtheAtlanticOcean.TheycanridetheelevatortothetopoftheWashington

Monument,visitWashington^MountVernonhome,andfeeltheshiverofnationalpride

astheystandatthefootofthegreatLincolnMonumentandreadthestirringwordsofhis

GettysburgAddress.ForAmericansvacationtimeendsonLaborDay-thefirstMonday

inSeptember.LaborDayisthedaywhensummercottagesareclosed,whenfamilies

headbacktotheirhomes.The