高中英語語法時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)課件(共69張課件)

時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(TensesandVoices)一、時(shí)態(tài)英語的時(shí)態(tài)從時(shí)間上看，可分為“現(xiàn)在”、“過去”、“將來”和“過去將來”四大類，每一類又根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式可分為“一般”、"進(jìn)行"、"完成"和"完成進(jìn)行"四種情況，因此英語中共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)。以write為例，其構(gòu)成形式如下：

一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在writewritesam/is/arewritinghave/haswrittenhave/hasbeenwriting過去wrotewas/werewritinghadwrittenhadbeenwriting將來shall/willwriteshall/willbewritingshall/willhavewrittenshall/willhavebeenwriting過去將來should/wouldwriteshould/wouldbewritingshould/wouldhavewrittenshould/wouldhavebeenwriting動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（do/does式）：1.一般用法:1〕表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,e.g.①Heoftengoestothecinema.②Mysisterwearsglasses.③Igototheschooleveryday.2〕表示現(xiàn)在或經(jīng)常性的情況或狀態(tài),e.g.①M(fèi)otherisill.②Helikeslivinginthecountry.

3〕表示現(xiàn)在的能力、特征、職業(yè)等,e.g.①Hesingswell.（能力）②Myfathergetsupearly.（習(xí)慣）③MissDothyteachesEnglish.（職業(yè)）④Thismachinerunssmoothly.（特征）4〕表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言以及不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在的事實(shí),e.g.①Summerfollowsspring.（客觀規(guī)律）②Theearthrunsaroundthesun.（客觀規(guī)律）③Fireburns.（客觀事實(shí)）④Knowledgeispower.（客觀真理）2.特別用法:1〕主句是將來時(shí)態(tài)或表示將來意義,時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,e.g.①I’llwritetoherwhenIhavetime.②Ifwehurryup,wecancatchthebus.③Tellmeincaseyougetintodifficulty.2〕主句是將來時(shí)態(tài)或表示將來意義,讓步狀語從句和方式狀語從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,e.g.①Whateveryousay,Iwon’tpay.②Whetheryouhelphimornot,hewillfail.③NexttimeI’lldoashesays.

3〕用于“the＋比較級(jí)…,the＋比較級(jí)…”中,前一個(gè)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,后一個(gè)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來或一般將來時(shí),e.g.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryou（will）become.4〕當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí),定語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,eg.①I’llgiveyouanythingyouaskfor.②He’llgiveanyone＄5，000whohelphimwithhisRussian

5〕表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,e.g.①Areyouondutynextweekend?②Thetrainleavesat12:00.6〕在makesure

（弄清楚）,makecertain

（弄清楚）,mind

（注意）,watch

（注意）,takecare

（注意,當(dāng)心）becareful

（注意,當(dāng)心）等后的that從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,e.g.①Wemusttakecarethatnooneseesus.我們必須注意別讓人看見我們②Makesureyoulockthedoorbeforeyouleave.③Becarefulthatyoudon’thurtherfeelings.④Watchthatthebabydoesn’tgoneartheheater.7〕在itdoesn’tmatter,Idon’tcare,Idon’tmind等結(jié)構(gòu)后以及類似結(jié)構(gòu)后的名詞性從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,e.g.①Itdoesn’tmatterwherewegoonholiday.②Doesitmatterwhogoesfirst?③Idon’tcarewhetherwewinorlose.8〕主句是將來完成時(shí)態(tài),從句有bythetime

所引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來（主句是過去完成時(shí)態(tài),從句有bythetime所引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)）,e.g.Bythetimehecomes,I’llhaveleft.（Bythetimehecame,Ihadleft.）二.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)（did式）:1.基本用法:1〕表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,e.g.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.注:表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,可用would,usedto,e.g.Heusedtoworkbybus.2〕表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài):①Heboughtthecomputerfiveyearsago.②Itwasthenasmallfishingvillage.2.特別用法:1〕表客氣或委婉的現(xiàn)在:①Iwonderedifyouwerefreethisevening.②Ithoughtyoumightlikesomeflowers.（注:過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)在使語氣更委婉、客氣,eg.①Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift.②Wewerehopingyouwouldstaywithus.能這樣用的動(dòng)詞主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。）2〕一般過去時(shí)態(tài)用于某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中表現(xiàn)在,這些結(jié)構(gòu)主要是it’stime…,Iwish…,Iwouldrather…,ifonly…,asif…,asthough…等:①It’stimewestarted.②IwishIknewhisname.③I’dratheryoulivedwithus.注:wouldrather等還可用一般過去時(shí)表將來.e.g.IwouldratheryoucamenextMonday.三.一般將來時(shí)（will/shall＋動(dòng)原）:1.一般用法:一般將來時(shí)基本用法：表示單純的將來事實(shí)，e.g.Weshallhavealotofrainnextmonth.2.表示將來時(shí)的常見用法及區(qū)別:beto/begoingto/beaboutto/be＋v-ing/bedueto/will/shall＋動(dòng)原1〕表示某個(gè)意圖沒有經(jīng)過事先考慮,而是在說話的時(shí)候才決定做某事用will,e.g.①--Youforgettoclosethedoor.--oh,i’llcloseitatonce.②--annisinhospital.--oh,really?ididn’tknow.i’llgoandvisither.2〕表示跡象表明要發(fā)生某事,則只能用begoingto,e.g.lookatthedarkclouds.it’sgoingtorain.3〕begoingto還有以下用法,e.g.①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)主觀想法或意圖:i’mgoingtowashthecarifihavetime.（注意:此時(shí)不能用be＋v-ing,be＋v-ing表示將來,主要強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)作出的安排,e.g.i’mpicyouupat6:00,don’tforget.）②強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意圖是事先考慮好的:--annisinhospital.--yes,iknow.i’mgoingtovisithertomorrow.4〕beto:①命中注定的事,隱含在未來之中的事,Ithinkwearetomeetagainmanyyearslater.②父母讓子女,上級(jí)讓下級(jí)做的事,表示命令,You’retodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.③表征求意見,用于問句,Arewetohandinthepapersat10:30?

5〕beaboutto表示動(dòng)作之快的將來,其后不能接時(shí)間狀語,它與beonthepointofdoingsth.相似,①Autumnisabouttostart.②Theyareonthepointofstarting.6〕bedueto與時(shí)間表,旅行計(jì)劃等有關(guān),e.g.①Thetrainisduetoleaveat7:00.②Heisduetoleaveverysoon.四.過去將來時(shí)（would＋動(dòng)原）與一般將來時(shí)相似。五.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have/has＋p.p.）1.基本用法:1〕影響性用法:該用法表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在過去已經(jīng)完成,且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果,同時(shí)說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的或感興趣的就是這個(gè)影響或結(jié)果,e.g.①Hehasleftthecity.（結(jié)果:他不在這個(gè)城市）②Someonehasbrokenthewindow.（結(jié)果:窗戶仍破著）

2〕持續(xù)性用法:該用法表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作在過去并未在過去完成,而是持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,且可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去或可能到此結(jié)束,e.g.①Haveyouwaitedlong?②Wehavebeenbusythisafternoon.2.用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的典型場(chǎng)合:1〕“since＋過去時(shí)間”或“since接that從句（從句中用一般過去時(shí)）”則句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),e.g.①Ihaven’tseenhersincelastweek.②WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?2〕句中有sofar/in（for/during）thepast（last）years（months…）/uptonow/untilnow等短語則句中謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),e.g.①Sofartherehasbeennonews.②Shehasn’thadanyfriendssofar.③InthepasttwoyearsI’veseenhimthreetimes.④HehasbeeninGuangdong（for）thelastmonth.⑤Uptonow,theworkhasbeenveryeasy.3〕“It/This/Thatisthefirst（second/third…）time＋that從句”或“It/This/Thatistheonly…＋that從句”或“It/This/Thatisthe＋最高級(jí)…＋that從句”從句中謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),e.g.①It/This/ThatisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhejiang.②It/This/ThatistheonlypartythatIhaveeverreallyenjoyedinmylife.③It/This/ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.（注:以上句型把is改為was,則從句時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)改為過去完成時(shí)態(tài)）3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果,而一般過去時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過去。e.g.①I’velivedherefortenyears.（現(xiàn)在仍住在這兒）②Ilivedherefortenyears.（現(xiàn)在不住在這兒）③Hehasboughtahouse.（現(xiàn)在已擁有這房子）

④Heboughtahouse.（現(xiàn)在擁不擁有這房子,不知道,只是知道買了房子,現(xiàn)在可能擁有也可能賣掉了）4.“havebeento＋地點(diǎn)”與“havegoneto＋地點(diǎn)”,前者表示去過某地,說話的時(shí)候已不在去過的地方,現(xiàn)在在對(duì)方的身邊,而后者表示說話的時(shí)候,去某地的人不在場(chǎng),可能到達(dá)某地,也可能在去某地的路上,反正不在說話者的身邊。e.g.①HehasbeentoParisthreetimes.②HehasgonetoParis.六.過去完成時(shí)（had＋p.p.）1.基本用法:既表示在過去某一時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作,也表示從某一較早的過去動(dòng)作持續(xù)到一個(gè)較遲的過去的動(dòng)作,e.g.①HehadleftwhenIarrived.②Bysixo’clockhehadworkedtwelvehours.用好過去完成時(shí),關(guān)鍵在于理解它的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)＋不定式的一般式（等于這些動(dòng)詞的一般過去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示過去為曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.①Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.（＝Imeanttohavecome,butsomethinghappened.）②Ihadintendedtospeakatthemeeting,buttimedidn’tpermit.（＝Iintendedtohavespokenatthemeeting,buttimedidn’tpermit.）這種用法在不定式里已講過。3.一些特殊句型中的過去完成時(shí):1〕“It/This/Thatwasthefirst（second/third…）time＋that從句”或“It/This/Thatwastheonly…＋that從句”或“It/This/Thatwasthe＋最高級(jí)…＋that從句”從句中謂語用過去完成時(shí)。2〕by（theendof）＋過去時(shí)間,句中謂語用過去完成時(shí),e.g.①Wehadlearnt3,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.②By8:00a.m.yesterday,wehadarrivedthepark.

3〕bythetime＋一般過去式,主句中謂語用過去完成時(shí),e.g.Bythetimehecameback,wehadrepairedthemachine.4〕Nosooner＋had＋主語＋p.p.＋than＋一般過去時(shí)/Hardly＋had＋主語＋p.p.＋when＋一般過去時(shí)。Nosooner＋had＋主語＋p.p.＋than＋一般過去時(shí)e.g.

①Nosoonerhadhegonetothegardenthanhissonwenttoplaywithhisclassmates.②Hardlyhadheheardthenewswhenhecried.七.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（be＋v--ing）:1.基本用法:表示說話人在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作或目前這個(gè)階段（不一定是說話的時(shí)候）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,e.g.①We’rehavingameeting.（說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）②Heisteachinginaschool.（目前這個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來,主要表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,e.g.①I’mleavingtomorrow.②Theyaregettingmarriednextweek.注:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來,其計(jì)劃性較強(qiáng),并往往暗示一種意圖,而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來,除特殊的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來,一般其客觀性較強(qiáng),多指按時(shí)刻表或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的事情,e.g.①I’mnotgoingoutthisevening.②Whattimedoesthetrainleave?3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always/forever/constantly/continuously等連用,表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,e.g.①She’salwayshelpingothers.②She’sconstantlychanginghermind.4.動(dòng)詞be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)的狀態(tài),e.g.①Sheisfoolish.（生性如此）②Sheisbeingfoolish.（一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)）能這樣用的形容詞多為angry,careful,clever,stupid,kind,brave,friendly,rude,polite等動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞。八.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（was/were＋v--ing）1.一般用法:表示過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying.2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在,主要使語氣更委婉、客氣,eg.①Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift.②Wewerehopingyouwouldstaywithus.能這樣用的動(dòng)詞主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。3.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always/forever/constantly/continuously等連用,表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,e.g.①She’salwayshelpingothers.②Theywerealwaysquarrelling.

4.動(dòng)詞be的過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)的狀態(tài),e.g.①Shewasfriendly.（生性如此）②Shewasbeingfriendly.（一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)）九.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)（will/shall＋be＋v--ing）1.基本用法:表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,e.g.WhenIgethomeat9:00tomorrow,mysonwillbewatchingTV.2.表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,e.g.①i’llbetamyholidayssoon.②we’llbevisitinglondonnextweek.3.用于問句,表客氣或委婉的語氣.e.g.①willyoubehavingsometea?②whenwillyoubepayingbackmymoney?十.將來完成時(shí)（will/shall＋have＋p.p.）1.基本用法:既表示到將來某一時(shí)間為止勢(shì)必會(huì)完成的動(dòng)作或預(yù)計(jì)要完成的動(dòng)作,e.g.whenwegetthere,she’llhavegonetowork.2.by（theendof）＋將來時(shí)間,句中謂語用將來完成時(shí),e.g.①wewillhavelearnt3,000wordsbytheendofnextterm..②By8:00a.m.tomorrow,wewillhavearrivedthepark.3.bythetime＋一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句中謂語用將來完成時(shí),e.g.Bythetimehecomesback,wewillhaverepairedthemachine.4.與用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來一樣,時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來,e.g.I’llgowithyouwhenIhavefinishedmywork.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。十一.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（have/hasbeenv--ing）1.一般用法:表示現(xiàn)在以前一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,這一動(dòng)作可能仍在進(jìn)行,也可能已停止,e.g.Ithasbeenrainingsincetwodaysago.2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:1］現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,e.g.①Ihavereadthebook.②Ihavebeenreadingthebook.2］現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)只陳述一個(gè)事實(shí),但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示感情色彩,e.g.①Ihavewaitedthreehours.②Ihavebeenwaitingthreehours.（等得好辛苦）3］現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來談?wù)撦^短暫的動(dòng)作或情況,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)談?wù)撗永m(xù)較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作或情況,甚至永久情況,e.g.①HehaslivedinParis.②HehasbeenlivinginParis.十二.過去將來完成時(shí)（would＋have＋p.p.）表示在過去看來將來某個(gè)時(shí)候已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,e.g.Shesaidshewouldhavefinishedherexamsbythen.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練:1.

SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People___toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning2.

Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen____andseehim.A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome3.--Hurryup！AliceandSuearewaitingDAforyouattheschoolgate.--oh！ithoughtthey___withoutme.wentb.aregoingc.havegoned.hadgone4.they___ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeijoinedthem,andnowwe___itasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.a.hadbeenwor,arestillworb.hadworked,werestillworc.havebeenwor,haveworkedd.haveworked,arestillwor5.susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’twantherparentstoknowwhatshe___.a.hasdoneb.haddonec.wasdoingd.isdoingDAC6.Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe____,withoutundressing.A.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.hadlied7.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool____abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentC.hadbeensent8.Thecountrylifeheisusedto___greatlysince1992.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountains..started,hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted,hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted,washidingD.wasstarting,hidBBBA10.

BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt___forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left11.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_____advertisementshowinghappyfamilies.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseen12.--IhearJanshasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.--Oh,hownice！Doyouknowwhenshe____?

A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left13.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness____.CADhasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown14.–Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?--I’msorryI____anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.was’ntsayingB.don’tsayC.won’tsayD.didn’tsay15.I___ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyearA.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play16.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology___sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchangedCDDA17.–You’veleftthelighton.--Oh,soIhave.___andturnitoff.

A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing18.thereportersaidthattheUFO___easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravel19.--Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing！

--Oh,I’mterriblysorry.____.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnotnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice20.--Nancyisnotcomingtonight.--Butshe____！A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromisedAABB21.shirley___abookaboutchinalastyearbutidon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.a.haswrittenb.wrotec.hadwrittend.waswriting22.ifirstmetlisathreeyearsago.she___ataradioshopatthattime.a.hasworkedb.wasworc.hadbeenword.hadworked23.--isthisraincoatyours?--no,mine___therebehindthedoor.a.ishangingb.hashungc.hangsd.hung24.--whoisjerrycooper?--____?isawyoushahandswithhimatthemeeting.a.don’tyoumeethimyetb.hadn’tyoumethimyetc.didn’tyoumeethimyetd.haven’tyoumethimyetDBAD8種基本時(shí)態(tài)的特殊用法

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、主語具備的性格和能力及其客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。

1.Heistwelveandheisatschool.2.Igetupat5:00everymorning.3.ShelikesEnglishandspeaksitverywell.4.Asisknowntousall,theearthgoesroundthesun.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和表示將來1.在由here和there引起的句子中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Herecomesthebus.(

Thebusiscoming.)Thereshegoes.(

Sheisgoing.)2.有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（如arrive,be,begin,come,finish,fly,go,have,leave,open,return,sail,set,take）的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可用來表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這樣用時(shí)，通常要用一個(gè)表示將來時(shí)間的狀語。Shecomestomorrowafternoon.SchoolbeginsonSeptember1st.NextmonthisMay.Thetrainleaves/starsat5pm.3.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgetthere.Wewon’tgounlessit

isfinetomorrow.Hewon’tforgivemeevenifIapologize.二、一般過去時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，也可以表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Thatterribleearthquakehappenedin1976.Hewasatthemeetingyesterdayafternoon.Shealwayswenttoschoolbybikelastyear.一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。

1.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中，要用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Shesaidshewouldletmeknowbeforesheleft.Theyplannedtogooutingifitwasfinethenextday.2.在It’s(about/high)time(that)…,I’drather…,Wouldyoumindif…等句式中，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。

It’stimeyoutookarestnow.---ShallIopenawindow?---I’dratheryoudidn’t.WouldyoumindverymuchifIaskedyoutodosomething?3.在虛擬語氣中，用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。

IfIhadtime,Iwouldgowithyou.Helooksasifhewereill.IwishIknewtheanswer.IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在（說話瞬間）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可以表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。sheisreadinginthereadingroomnow.weareworonafarmthesedays.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊用法1.有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（如arrive,come,do,get,go,have,leave,meet,play,remove,see,stay,take,work）的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來表示一個(gè)按計(jì)劃或安排在最近將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這樣用時(shí)，也通常要和一個(gè)表示將來時(shí)間的狀語連用。

HeisleavingonSaturday.Thegirlishavingherbirthdaypartytonight.Weareremovingintothecountrynextweek.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,constantly,forever等連用，可表示某種情感（如批評(píng)、贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等）。.sheisalwaysdoingfineatschool.(贊揚(yáng))yourgirlisconstantlythinofothers.(贊揚(yáng))myfatherisforeverlosinghiskeys.(批評(píng))3.be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示暫時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或特點(diǎn)。

Youarebeingimpolitetometoday.Iwon’tagreewithyou,butIthinkyouarebeingchildish4.在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，間或可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

Don’tmentionthiswhenyouarewritingthereport.IfyouarestandingatthecornerwhenIpass,I’llgiveyoualiftintotown.四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

TheboywasdrawingahorsewhenIcamein.Hewaswritinganewnovellastyear,butIdon’tknowwhetherhehasfinishedit.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去或過去即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般過去時(shí)，表示批評(píng)、贊揚(yáng)、厭煩、不滿等情緒。shewasalwaysworlikethatthegirlwasforevercomplainingaboutsomething.2.

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Iwasmeetinghiminthetownthenextday.Shewonderedwhenhewascomingbackforsupper.五、一般將來時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也可以表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Hewillbe18nextyear.WewillcometoseeyoueverySunday.

一般將來時(shí)有時(shí)可以表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。

Manwilldie.（人總是要死的。）

Thingswillhappenagainstourwish.

（事情是不會(huì)按照我們的愿望發(fā)生的。）Will的否定形式表示“不能”、“沒法”。

Thecarwon’tstart.（這輛車開不動(dòng)。）

Oilandwaterwillnotmix.（油和水沒法混合在一起。）

六、過去將來時(shí)

過去將來時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)碓谔摂M語氣中，用過去將來時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。

Ifyouwereme,whatwouldyoudo?HowIwishIwouldgotherewithyou!

過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)刻看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。多用于賓語從句中。

Iwasn’tsurewhetherhewoulddoit.

七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)既可以表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

Ihaven’tseenhimthesedays.Theyhavelivedheresince1978.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示將來某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作。

IshallgowithyouassoonasIhavehadmybath.We’llstartatonceifithasstoppedrainingbyfiveo’clock.八、過去完成時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。

Whenwereachedthestationthetrainhadleft.Theyhadlivedtherefortenyearsbeforethewarbrokeout.過去完成時(shí)表示過去的情況1.在虛擬語氣的條件從句中，用動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)形式表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)動(dòng)作。

Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldhavemether..HowIwishIhadgonetotheconcertwithyouthatnight.IrememberthestoryasifIhadjustreadit.Ifonlytheletterhadarrivedintime.I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.

2.hope,intend,mean,plan,think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可用來表示一個(gè)本來打算去做而實(shí)際上沒有做到的事。

Wehadhopedtocatchthe9:30train,butfounditwasgoneWehadintendedtogettothecinemalastnight,butsomeonecalledandwecouldn’tgetaway.Ihadthoughthewashonest,butIwaswrong

ThePassiveVoice1。結(jié)構(gòu)be+過去分詞(及物的)2。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：一般時(shí)態(tài)：am/is/are+過去分詞

TheChinesefood_____tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered1。結(jié)構(gòu)be+過去分詞過去時(shí)態(tài)：was/were+過去分詞John___,forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission.A.wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunished

1。結(jié)構(gòu)be+過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：am/is/are+being+過去分詞----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?----Notyet.Rooms_______.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedarebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：was/were+being+過去分詞Mr.Wuwasinhospital.Whenwewenttoseehim,he____on.A.operatedB.wasoperatedC.wasoperatingD.wasbeingoperated

一般將來時(shí)態(tài)：will+be+過去分詞Thenewschool______whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish過去將來時(shí)態(tài)：would+be+過去分詞Theoldscientistsaidthathe____tovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.invitedB.hadinvitedC.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：have/has+been+過去分詞WiththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools_____inthepoorarea.A.builtB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding過去完成時(shí)態(tài)：had+been+過去分詞

Hecameoutandtoldusthatthework__________.A.finishedB.wasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞Theprogrammes_______ifyouuseashortwaveradio.A.canpickupB.pickupC.pickedupD.canbepickedup3.何時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)不知道或沒必要知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)者。Thebookwasfirstpublishedinthelate1990s.b)不便說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Theplanwasgenerallyconsideredimpractical.3.何時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)c)突出動(dòng)作的承受者。Sheisrespectedbyalltheworkersofthefactory.d)漢語中的無主句，在英語中用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。smoisnotallowedinpublicplaces.e)為了保持主語的一貫性。theoldprofessorwheeledhimselfintotheclassroomandwaswarmlyapplaudedbythestudents.4.不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況：1）不及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；注意：happen,occur,takeplaceThestorywashappenedin1934.(×）2）表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；have,lack,fit…Ihaveanewbike.3）連系動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；Thestoryissoundedtrue.(×）4）有些短語不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)doone’sbest,makeaface,makeroom(騰位子）

makeupone’smindbelongto5.特殊情況（考試重點(diǎn)）1）感官動(dòng)詞(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。Howsweetthemusicsounds!Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.5.特殊情況（考試重點(diǎn)）2）write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、drink、wash、open/shut常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。尤其是有副詞well,easily時(shí)。Thebooksellswell.這本書銷路很好。Thedoorwillnotopen.(這扇門就是打不開。)Thisdresswashesbetter.Thesignreadsasfollows.(這牌子告示如下。)3）在“主＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是不定式動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者。e.g.Heiseasytogetalongwith.Thesentenceisdifficulttounderstand.Thequestioniseasytoanswer.4).betoblamee.g.Heistoblameforthebrokenwindow.5）need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.注意：need后可接動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)，又可接動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。但若有附加成分用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。比較：Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepairedthisafternoon.高考時(shí)態(tài)題精練

1.----

myglasses?---Yes,Isawthemonyoubedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen2.Helen

herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband

home.A.Hasleft/comesB.left/hadcomeC.hadleft/cameD.hadleft/wouldcome3.----CanIhelpyou,sir?-----Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit