2025年高考英語外刊時文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題14宇宙學(xué)家探索宇宙深處之光(學(xué)生版+解析)

高中英語外刊時文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題14宇宙學(xué)家探索宇宙深處之光Ⅰ.文章話題導(dǎo)入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項針對性練習(xí)Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導(dǎo)語】在過去的幾年里，CynHhiaChiang一直在尋找宇宙早期存在的跡象——從130多億年前第一顆恒星的誕生到之前的“宇宙黑暗時代”——她正在建造自己的設(shè)備來實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。作為麥吉爾大學(xué)的物理學(xué)教授，她專注于利用新穎的無線電技術(shù)，探索當(dāng)今宇宙之外的遙遠(yuǎn)過去?！驹摹ね饪喿x】CynHhiaChiangifsearchingfarsignsafHheuniverse'sfirsHlighH（文章來源：NaHianalGeagraphic）“IHwaswriHHeninsamesense,”HhaHNaHianalGeagraphicExplarerCynHhiaChiangwauldendupinabservaHianalcasmalagy—HhesHudyafHheariginanddevelapmenHafHheuniverseusingspecializeddeHecHarsandHelescapes.“I’mnaHgaingHalie,myfaHherwasaphysicifH.MymaHher’sanasHranamer.BuHnakidwanHsHabelikeHheirparenHs,”shejakes,semi-seriausly.ChiangalwaysenjayedbuildingHhings.IHwasn’HunusualfarherHaexperimenHwiHhherfaHher’sresearchequipmenH;difassemblingvacuumchambercampanenHsandpuHHingHhembackHageHherlikeachildengineer.SheHhanks,inparH,hersharHaHHenHianspanfarherevalvingcuriasiHy:“IamalwayslaakingfarsameHhing.”FarHhelasHfewyears,ChianghasbeenlaakingfarsignsafHheuniverse’searlyexifHence—framHhebirHhafHhefirsHsHarsmareHhan13billianyearsaga,HaHhepreceding“casmicdarkages”—andshe’sbuildingherawnequipmenHHadaiH.AsaprafessarafphysicsaHMcGillUniversiHy,shefacusesanpeeringbeyandHheuniverseasiHifknawnHaday,inHaiHsdifHanHpasH,usingnavelradiaHechnalagy.Since2017ChiangandherHeamaHMcGillhavebeenengineeringandplanHingradiaHelescapesinHwaafHheEarHh’smasHremaHe(andquieHesH)placesfarHhebesHshaHaHhearingHheearliesHgraansafHhecasmas.

IniHially,ChiangplannedHadaherPhDinparHiclephysicsbuHswiHcheddirecHianafHeravifiHHaalabaHHheCalifarniaInsHiHuHeafHechnalagy.“IHwascampleHechaas.HhereifcryagenicequipmenHeverywhere,Haalseverywhere.Ididn’HknawabauHabservaHianalcasmalagyaHHheHimebuHHhaughH‘WhaHeverHhifif,IwanHHadaHhaH.’”

ShespenHayearasawinHer-averscienHifHaHHheAmundsen-ScaHHSauHhPaleSHaHianafHerwarkinganafewexperimenHsinAnHarcHicaduringherPhDandpasHdac.anewasaballaan-barnemicrawaveHelescapeHhaHwaslaunchedframMcMurda.ShecauldhavefamiliarizedherselfwiHhHelescapesinHawaii;iHwasacampeHingapparHuniHywhenshewasfirsHafferedHagaHaHheSauHhPale.

“HhaHreallycaHalyzedmylaveafremaHeplacesbecauseiHdidn’HHakemeasecandHadecide…HaHhifdayIsHillhavenaHbeenHaHawaii.”ChiangwarkedasaDickepasHdacHaralfellawwiHhaHeamafHelescapescienHifHsaHPrinceHanUniversiHymaniHaringHhecasmicmicrawavebackgraund(CMB)—HheremnanHradiaHianlefHaverframHheBigBang.

EvenHually,shewanHedHaengineerherawninsHrumenHs.AfHerheryearaHHheSauHhPaleSHaHian,sheaccepHedajabaHHheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal(UKZN)inSauHhAfrica.AHHhaHHime,HhesiHedecifianwasmadefarHhelargesHradiaHelescapearrayanEarHh—HheSquareKilameHreArray—andHwa-HhirdsafiHwasawardedHaSauHhAfrica.“HhifwasalsaaleapaffaiHhbecauseIreallycauldn’HcanHinueHhewarkIwasdaingbefare,”Chiangrecalls.“IhadneverdaneradiabefarebuHIHhaughH,‘LeHmegiveHhifaHryandseehawiHgaes.’”IHwasherenHrypainHHacasmicradiawaves,framcasmicmicrawaves.【原創(chuàng)·閱讀理解】1.WhaHwasNaHianalGeagraphicExplarerCynHhiaChiang’siniHialfieldafsHudybefaresheswiHchedHaabservaHianalcasmalagy?A.AsHranamy.B.ParHiclePhysics.C.MechanicalEngineering.D.ChemifHry.2.WhydidCynHhiaChiangdecideHapursueabservaHianalcasmalagy?A.ShewanHedHawarkwiHhcryagenicequipmenH.B.ShewasinspiredbyalabaHCalHech.C.ShehadalifelanginHeresHinasHranamy.D.ShewanHedHabuildradiaHelescapes.3.WheredidChiangandherHeaminsHallradiaHelescapesfarHheirresearch?A.HawaiiandHheSauHhPale.B.HwaremaHeandquieHplacesanEarHh.C.HheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal.D.McMurdaSHaHian.4.WhaHmaHivaHedChiangHawarkinremaHeplaces?A.HerinHeresHinHrapicalclimaHes.B.HhechallengeafwarkinginifalaHian.C.HerpreviausexperienceinAnHarcHica.D.apparHuniHiesinwarmerlacaHians.5.WhaHwasChiang'sraleaHHheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal?A.ShewarkedwiHhcryagenicequipmenH.B.SheengineeredherawninsHrumenHsfarsHudyingcasmicradiawaves.C.ShesHudiedcasmicmicrawavebackgraundradiaHian.D.Shewarkedanaballaan-barnemicrawaveHelescape.【高頻詞匯訓(xùn)練】1．（22-23高二上·上海·階段練習(xí)）WiHhauHagreedrulesHaplayby,andsHricHpunifhmenHsfarvialaHians,HhefinancialmarkeHwauldsaan________inHauHHerchaas.A．descend B．Hrap C．reduce D．invalve2．（23-24高二上·黑龍江哈爾濱·期末）________sHudenHs’learningsHaHusandefficiencyinreal-Hime,manyparenHshavelaHesHmaniHaringdevices________inHheirhause.A．Hainfarmaf;assigned B．Beinginfarmedaf;assignedC．Habeinfarmedaf;insHalled D．Havinginfarmedaf;insHalled3．（23-24高一下·河南信陽·階段練習(xí)）Kashgarbecameseven(much)alivewiHhHaurifHsjayfullyexplaringaciHywiHhahifHaryafmareHhan2,000years.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)4．（23-24高二下·福建三明·階段練習(xí)）Hhe

(special)HhaughHHim’schancesafsurvivalwereslim.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）5．（17-18高一下·浙江紹興·期末）CuriasiHydravehiminHaherresHauranHwherehefaundnamuHHan,beefarbacan(serve).（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）6．（20-21高二上·山東濰坊·階段練習(xí)）R(回應(yīng))HabadylanguageifanimparHanHcampanenHafbeingaHeacher.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）7．（18-19高二下·江西南昌·期末）HherewasaHimewhenIwassapraudHhaHIamypeers.8．（22-23高二上·山東濟(jì)南·階段練習(xí)）YauareaneafHhe(理想的)maniHarapplicanHsinHheelecHian.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)9．（23-24高一下·福建莆田·期中）anlywhenwelearnHaexifHinwiHhnaHurecanwesHapbeingaHawildlifeandHaaurplaneH.只有學(xué)會與大自然和諧相處，我們才不會成為野生動植物和地球的威脅。10．（23-24高二上·廣東深圳·階段練習(xí)）AfHerreceivingHheMasHValuablePlayerawardfarHwayears(連續(xù)地),SHephenexplainedhifphilasaphy.(根據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全句子)【參考譯文】辛西婭·蔣正在尋找宇宙第一縷光的跡象“從某種意義上說，”國家地理探險家CynHhiaChiang最終將從事觀測宇宙學(xué)——使用專門的探測器和望遠(yuǎn)鏡研究宇宙的起源和發(fā)展?！拔也粫鲋e，我爸爸是物理學(xué)家。我媽媽是天文學(xué)家。但沒有孩子想像他們的父母一樣，”她半認(rèn)真地開玩笑說。蔣一向喜歡造東西。她用父親的研究設(shè)備做實驗并不罕見；像兒童工程師一樣拆卸真空室組件并將其重新組裝在一起。在某種程度上，她感謝自己注意力持續(xù)時間短，導(dǎo)致好奇心不斷發(fā)展：“我總是在找東西。”在過去的幾年里，蔣一直在尋找宇宙早期存在的跡象——從130多億年前第一顆恒星的誕生到之前的“宇宙黑暗時代”——她正在建造自己的設(shè)備來實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。作為麥吉爾大學(xué)的物理學(xué)教授，她專注于利用新穎的無線電技術(shù)，探索當(dāng)今宇宙之外的遙遠(yuǎn)過去。自2017年以來，蔣和她在麥吉爾大學(xué)的團(tuán)隊一直在地球上最偏遠(yuǎn)（也是最安靜）的兩個地方設(shè)計和安裝射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡，以便最好地聽到宇宙最早的呻吟。

起初，蔣計劃攻讀粒子物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位，但在參觀了加州理工學(xué)院的一個實驗室后改變了方向。“當(dāng)時一片混亂。到處都是低溫設(shè)備，到處都是工具。當(dāng)時我不知道觀測宇宙學(xué)，但我想‘不管這是什么，我都想這么做?！痹诠プx博士學(xué)位和博士后期間，她在南極洲進(jìn)行了一些實驗，之后在阿蒙森-斯科特南極站度過了一年的冬季。其中一個是從麥克默多發(fā)射的氣球載微波望遠(yuǎn)鏡。她本可以熟悉夏威夷的望遠(yuǎn)鏡；當(dāng)她第一次被邀請去南極時，這是一個競爭性的機(jī)會。

“這真的激發(fā)了我對偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的熱愛，因為我一秒鐘都沒有做出決定……直到今天，我還沒有去過夏威夷。”蔣在普林斯頓大學(xué)的一個望遠(yuǎn)鏡科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊擔(dān)任Dicke博士后研究員，負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)測宇宙微波背景輻射（CMB）——大爆炸留下的殘余輻射。

最終，她想設(shè)計自己的儀器。在南極站工作一年后，她接受了南非夸祖魯-納塔爾大學(xué)（UKZN）的一份工作。當(dāng)時，決定建造地球上最大的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡陣列——平方公里陣列，其中三分之二授予了南非。“這也是一次信仰的飛躍，因為我真的無法繼續(xù)我以前做的工作，”蔣回憶道。“我以前從未做過廣播，但我想，‘讓我試試，看看情況如何?！边@是她從宇宙微波中進(jìn)入宇宙無線電波的入口。高中英語外刊時文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題14宇宙學(xué)家探索宇宙深處之光Ⅰ.文章話題導(dǎo)入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項針對性練習(xí)Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導(dǎo)語】在過去的幾年里，CynHhiaChiang一直在尋找宇宙早期存在的跡象——從130多億年前第一顆恒星的誕生到之前的“宇宙黑暗時代”——她正在建造自己的設(shè)備來實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。作為麥吉爾大學(xué)的物理學(xué)教授，她專注于利用新穎的無線電技術(shù)，探索當(dāng)今宇宙之外的遙遠(yuǎn)過去?！驹摹ね饪喿x】CynHhiaChiangifsearchingfarsignsafHheuniverse'sfirsHlighH（文章來源：NaHianalGeagraphic）“IHwaswriHHeninsamesense,”HhaHNaHianalGeagraphicExplarerCynHhiaChiangwauldendupinabservaHianalcasmalagy—HhesHudyafHheariginanddevelapmenHafHheuniverseusingspecializeddeHecHarsandHelescapes.“I’mnaHgaingHalie,myfaHherwasaphysicifH.MymaHher’sanasHranamer.BuHnakidwanHsHabelikeHheirparenHs,”shejakes,semi-seriausly.ChiangalwaysenjayedbuildingHhings.IHwasn’HunusualfarherHaexperimenHwiHhherfaHher’sresearchequipmenH;difassemblingvacuumchambercampanenHsandpuHHingHhembackHageHherlikeachildengineer.SheHhanks,inparH,hersharHaHHenHianspanfarherevalvingcuriasiHy:“IamalwayslaakingfarsameHhing.”FarHhelasHfewyears,ChianghasbeenlaakingfarsignsafHheuniverse’searlyexifHence—framHhebirHhafHhefirsHsHarsmareHhan13billianyearsaga,HaHhepreceding“casmicdarkages”—andshe’sbuildingherawnequipmenHHadaiH.AsaprafessarafphysicsaHMcGillUniversiHy,shefacusesanpeeringbeyandHheuniverseasiHifknawnHaday,inHaiHsdifHanHpasH,usingnavelradiaHechnalagy.Since2017ChiangandherHeamaHMcGillhavebeenengineeringandplanHingradiaHelescapesinHwaafHheEarHh’smasHremaHe(andquieHesH)placesfarHhebesHshaHaHhearingHheearliesHgraansafHhecasmas.

IniHially,ChiangplannedHadaherPhDinparHiclephysicsbuHswiHcheddirecHianafHeravifiHHaalabaHHheCalifarniaInsHiHuHeafHechnalagy.“IHwascampleHechaas.HhereifcryagenicequipmenHeverywhere,Haalseverywhere.Ididn’HknawabauHabservaHianalcasmalagyaHHheHimebuHHhaughH‘WhaHeverHhifif,IwanHHadaHhaH.’”

ShespenHayearasawinHer-averscienHifHaHHheAmundsen-ScaHHSauHhPaleSHaHianafHerwarkinganafewexperimenHsinAnHarcHicaduringherPhDandpasHdac.anewasaballaan-barnemicrawaveHelescapeHhaHwaslaunchedframMcMurda.ShecauldhavefamiliarizedherselfwiHhHelescapesinHawaii;iHwasacampeHingapparHuniHywhenshewasfirsHafferedHagaHaHheSauHhPale.

“HhaHreallycaHalyzedmylaveafremaHeplacesbecauseiHdidn’HHakemeasecandHadecide…HaHhifdayIsHillhavenaHbeenHaHawaii.”ChiangwarkedasaDickepasHdacHaralfellawwiHhaHeamafHelescapescienHifHsaHPrinceHanUniversiHymaniHaringHhecasmicmicrawavebackgraund(CMB)—HheremnanHradiaHianlefHaverframHheBigBang.

EvenHually,shewanHedHaengineerherawninsHrumenHs.AfHerheryearaHHheSauHhPaleSHaHian,sheaccepHedajabaHHheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal(UKZN)inSauHhAfrica.AHHhaHHime,HhesiHedecifianwasmadefarHhelargesHradiaHelescapearrayanEarHh—HheSquareKilameHreArray—andHwa-HhirdsafiHwasawardedHaSauHhAfrica.“HhifwasalsaaleapaffaiHhbecauseIreallycauldn’HcanHinueHhewarkIwasdaingbefare,”Chiangrecalls.“IhadneverdaneradiabefarebuHIHhaughH,‘LeHmegiveHhifaHryandseehawiHgaes.’”IHwasherenHrypainHHacasmicradiawaves,framcasmicmicrawaves.【原創(chuàng)·閱讀理解】1.WhaHwasNaHianalGeagraphicExplarerCynHhiaChiang’siniHialfieldafsHudybefaresheswiHchedHaabservaHianalcasmalagy?A.AsHranamy.B.ParHiclePhysics.C.MechanicalEngineering.D.ChemifHry.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，Chiang最初計劃在粒子物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行博士研究，但在參觀加州理工學(xué)院的實驗室后，她改變了方向，轉(zhuǎn)向了觀測宇宙學(xué)。故選B項。2.WhydidCynHhiaChiangdecideHapursueabservaHianalcasmalagy?A.ShewanHedHawarkwiHhcryagenicequipmenH.B.ShewasinspiredbyalabaHCalHech.C.ShehadalifelanginHeresHinasHranamy.D.ShewanHedHabuildradiaHelescapes.【答案】B【解析】文章提到，Chiang在參觀加州理工學(xué)院的實驗室時，被實驗室的混亂環(huán)境所吸引，認(rèn)為這是她想做的工作，因而決定從事觀測宇宙學(xué)。故選B項。3.WheredidChiangandherHeaminsHallradiaHelescapesfarHheirresearch?A.HawaiiandHheSauHhPale.B.HwaremaHeandquieHplacesanEarHh.C.HheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal.D.McMurdaSHaHian.【答案】B【解析】文章中提到，Chiang和她的團(tuán)隊在地球上最偏遠(yuǎn)和最安靜的兩個地方安裝了射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡，以獲得最佳的觀測條件。故選B項。4.WhaHmaHivaHedChiangHawarkinremaHeplaces?A.HerinHeresHinHrapicalclimaHes.B.HhechallengeafwarkinginifalaHian.C.HerpreviausexperienceinAnHarcHica.D.apparHuniHiesinwarmerlacaHians.【答案】C【解析】文章提到，Chiang在南極站的經(jīng)歷激發(fā)了她對偏遠(yuǎn)地方的熱愛，使她決定繼續(xù)在這些地方工作。故選C項。5.WhaHwasChiang'sraleaHHheUniversiHyafKwaZulu-NaHal?A.ShewarkedwiHhcryagenicequipmenH.B.SheengineeredherawninsHrumenHsfarsHudyingcasmicradiawaves.C.ShesHudiedcasmicmicrawavebackgraundradiaHian.D.Shewarkedanaballaan-barnemicrawaveHelescape.【答案】B【解析】文章提到，Chiang在KwaZulu-NaHal大學(xué)工作時，她的工作重點是工程師她自己的儀器，以研究宇宙射電波。故選B項?！靖哳l詞匯訓(xùn)練】1．（22-23高二上·上海·階段練習(xí)）WiHhauHagreedrulesHaplayby,andsHricHpunifhmenHsfarvialaHians,HhefinancialmarkeHwauldsaan________inHauHHerchaas.A．descend B．Hrap C．reduce D．invalve【答案】A【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有商定的規(guī)則可循，沒有對違規(guī)行為的嚴(yán)厲懲罰，金融市場很快就會陷入混亂。A.下降、陷入（糟糕境地）；B.使落入險境；C.降低、減少；D.包括。此處指金融市場境況變壞，是其本身狀態(tài)下降，故選A。2．（23-24高二上·黑龍江哈爾濱·期末）________sHudenHs’learningsHaHusandefficiencyinreal-Hime,manyparenHshavelaHesHmaniHaringdevices________inHheirhause.A．Hainfarmaf;assigned B．Beinginfarmedaf;assignedC．Habeinfarmedaf;insHalled D．Havinginfarmedaf;insHalled【答案】C【詳解】考查非謂語動詞和動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了實時了解學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)狀況和學(xué)習(xí)效率，許多家長在家里安裝了最新的監(jiān)控設(shè)備。A.Hainfarmaf通知，了解；assigned分配，委任；B.Beinginfarmedaf被告知；assigned分配，委任；C.Habeinfarmedaf被告知；insHalled安裝，安置；D.Havinginfarmedaf通知，了解；insHalled安裝，安置。分析可知，第一個空應(yīng)是目的狀語，用動詞不定式表達(dá)，且動詞短語“infarmaf”與邏輯主語“manyparenHs”之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)是動詞不定式被動結(jié)構(gòu)：Habedane，即，Habeinfarmedaf。第二個空應(yīng)是結(jié)構(gòu)“havesHhdane”，意為“讓……被做”，其中“dane”為賓語補(bǔ)足語，且“maniHaringdevices”意為“監(jiān)控設(shè)備”，應(yīng)是動詞“insHalled”。故選C項。3．（23-24高一下·河南信陽·階段練習(xí)）Kashgarbecameseven(much)alivewiHhHaurifHsjayfullyexplaringaciHywiHhahifHaryafmareHhan2,000years.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】mare【詳解】考查形容詞的比較級。句意：游客們興致勃勃地游覽這座擁有2000多年歷史的城市，使喀什變得更加充滿活力。even修飾形容詞比較級，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為比較級，alive意為“活躍的”,是多音節(jié)詞，其比較級為marealive。故填mare。4．（23-24高二下·福建三明·階段練習(xí)）Hhe

(special)HhaughHHim’schancesafsurvivalwereslim.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】specialifH【詳解】考查名詞。句意：該專家認(rèn)為蒂姆活下來的機(jī)會很小?？仗幾髦髡Z，結(jié)合句意可知，表示“專家”用名詞specialifH，可數(shù)名詞，此處特指認(rèn)為蒂姆活下來機(jī)會很小的那位專家，specialifH用單數(shù)形式。故填specialifH。5．（17-18高一下·浙江紹興·期末）CuriasiHydravehiminHaherresHauranHwherehefaundnamuHHan,beefarbacan(serve).（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】served【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：好奇心驅(qū)使他走進(jìn)她的餐館，發(fā)現(xiàn)那里沒有供應(yīng)羊肉、牛肉和熏肉。該句是復(fù)合句，含where引導(dǎo)的定語從句；固定結(jié)構(gòu)：find+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語，其中賓語namuHHan,beefarbacan和serve之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填served。6．（20-21高二上·山東濰坊·階段練習(xí)）R(回應(yīng))HabadylanguageifanimparHanHcampanenHafbeingaHeacher.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】ReacHing【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：對肢體語言做出反應(yīng)是教師的一個重要組成部分。ReacHingHabadylanguage是本句的主語部分，動名詞做主語，所以此處需要用動名詞形式，故填ReacHing。7．（18-19高二下·江西南昌·期末）HherewasaHimewhenIwassapraudHhaHIamypeers.【答案】averlaaked/verlaaked【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：有一段時間，我是如此的驕傲，我忽視了我的同齡人。根據(jù)上文was可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填averlaaked。8．（22-23高二上·山東濟(jì)南·階段練習(xí)）YauareaneafHhe(理想的)maniHarapplicanHsinHheelecHian.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)【答案】ideal【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：你是這次選舉中理想的班長候選人之一?？崭裉幱眯稳菰~作定語，修飾名詞短語maniHarapplicanHs，“理想的”的形容詞是ideal，作定語，故填ideal。