《植物病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)》課件-柑橘薊馬（雙語）

柑橘病蟲害綠色防控柑橘薊馬GreenPreventionandControlofCitrusDiseasesandPestsScirtothripsCitri柑橘薊馬Scirtothripscitri柑橘薊馬纓翅目昆蟲統(tǒng)稱為薊馬。Thysanopterainsectsarecollectivelycalledthrips.Scirtothripscitri柑橘薊馬顯微鏡下的茶黃薊馬Scirtothripsdorsalishoodobservedunderamicroscope顯微鏡下的八節(jié)黃薊馬Thripsflavidulus(Bagnall)observedunderamicroscopeScirtothripscitri識別特征纓翅IdentificationcharacteristicsThysanoptera識別特征銼吸式口器IdentificationcharacteristicsRasping-suckingmouthparts為害特點薊馬有趨嫩習(xí)性Thripshaveatendencytotenderness.Damagefeatures為害特點--為害枝梢Damagefeatures-damagetoshoots為害特點--為害新梢Damagefeatures-damagetoyoungsprouts為害特點--為害枝條Damagefeatures-damagetobranches為害特點--為害花朵Damagefeatures-damagetoflowers為害特點--為害幼果Damagefeatures-damagetofruitlets為害特點--為害果實Damagefeatures-damagetofruits為害特點Damagefeatures發(fā)生規(guī)律Occurrencelaw1.氣溫較高的地區(qū)，一年可發(fā)生7～8代。Thripscanproduceseventoeightgenerationseveryyearinareaswithhightemperatures.2.以卵在秋梢新葉組織內(nèi)、樹皮、落葉、雜草、土壤中越冬。第二年3～4月越冬卵孵化后在嫩葉和幼果上取食。Generally,theyoverwinteraseggsinthenewleaftissuesofautumnshoots,barks,fallenleaves,weeds,andsoils.TheoverwinteringeggswillbehatchedfromMarchtoAprilofthenextyear.Afterwards,theywillfeedontenderleavesandfruitlets.3.薊馬主要活動時間在夜間、傍晚和陰天，喜歡到陰涼的葉背、花心、萼片等部位吸食。Thripsmainlymoveatnight,atdusk,andoncloudydays.Thripsliketosuckontheshadyleafback,flowerheart,sepalsandotherparts.4.薊馬喜歡干旱環(huán)境。Thripslikearidenvironments.薊馬防治難Difficultpreventionandcontrolofthrips1.薊馬個體很小，且危害位置隱蔽。Thripshaveaverysmallbodytypeandcausedamageinhiddenpositions.2.薊馬抗藥性增強(qiáng)。Thripshaveincreaseddrugresistance.3.果園套種黃瓜、茄子、玉米等。Cucumbers,eggplants,andcornareinterplantedinorchards.綜合防治Integratedcontrol1.農(nóng)業(yè)防治Agriculturalcontrol加強(qiáng)田間栽培管理，重視冬季清園。Itisnecessarytostrengthenfieldcultivationmanagementandpayattentiontoorchardcleaninginwinter.開春清除園內(nèi)枯枝落葉并集中燒毀。Inthespring,itmustremovedeadbranchesandfallenleavesfromtheorchardsandburntheminacentralizedmanner.開春前除草，干旱時及時灌水。Weedingshallbeconductedbeforespringandtheorchardsshallbeirrigatedintimeduringdrought.定植園盡可能要遠(yuǎn)離薊馬宿主玉米、茄子、香蕉、甘蔗，更不宜套種這些作物。Theplantationshouldbeasfarawayfromthethripshostcorn,eggplant,bananaandsugarcaneaspossible,andthesecropsshouldnotbeinterplanted.綜合防治Integratedcontrol2.物理防治PhysicalControl使用粘蟲板。Stickytrapswillbeused.薊馬對不同顏色具有不同的趨性，它們最喜歡深藍(lán)色和藍(lán)色，其次是白色，可用藍(lán)板誘殺薊馬。Thripshavedifferenttaxisfordifferentcolors,theypreferdarkblueandblue,followedbywhite,whichcanbetrappedandkilledwithblueboards.藍(lán)板的方位不同誘殺效果不同，其中朝南和朝東的效果較好。高度2米左右，一畝地大概掛30張。Theblueboardshavedifferenttrappingandkillingeffectsindifferentorientations,andeffectsarebetterwhenfacingsouthandeast.Theirheightsareabout2meters,andabout30blueboardsarehungononemuofland.綜合防治Integratedcontrol3.生物防治BiologicalControl薊馬的天敵有中華微刺盲蝽、東亞小花蝽、中華草蛉幼蟲等，其中中華微刺盲蝽效果最好，對薊馬的數(shù)量起到一定的控制作用。ThenaturalenemiesofthripsincludeCampylommachinensis,Oriussauteri,andlacewinglarvae,amongwhichCampylommachinensishasthebesteffectandplaysacertainroleincontrollingthenumberofthrips.綠僵菌、白僵菌能對其效果也不錯。MetarhiziumanisopliaeandBeauveriabassianacanalsoworkwellonthem.部分薊馬還能都通過信息素的方式來誘殺。Certainthripscanbetrappedandkilledusingpheromone.綜合防治Integratedcontrol4.化學(xué)防治ChemicalControl提前進(jìn)行防治，若錯過防治適期，用藥量大，效果還不好。薊馬晝伏夜出，選在早晨或傍晚用藥效果較好。Controlmeasuresshouldbetakeninadvance.Ifnot,thecontroldosagewillbelargeandtheeffectwillnotbegood.Thripsarehidinginthedaytimeandcomingoutatnight,soitisbettertousemedicineinthemorningoratdusk.進(jìn)行噴霧防治時要全面細(xì)致，最好在地面枯枝落葉和雜草處也要噴藥。Sprayingshouldbeconductedcomprehensivelyandmeticulously.Itisadvisedtospraychemicalsatthedeadbranches,fallenleavesandweedsontheground.保護(hù)地薊馬的防治可以采用熏棚和葉面噴霧相結(jié)合的方法。露地薊馬防治可以地上、地下相結(jié)合。Forthecontrolofthripsinprotectedfields,acombinationofshedfumigationandfoliarsprayingcanb