上海市奉賢區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期一模英語試卷（含答案）

2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期奉賢區(qū)高三英語一模卷考生注意：1. 考試時(shí)間105分鐘，試卷滿分115分。2. 本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3. 務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置。I.GrammarandvocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheBestMusictoBoostProductivityHowmanytimeshaveyouputonyourheadphonestohelpyouconcentrateonyourtasks?Variousstudieshavetriedtoaddressthequestionof(1)________musicintheworkplacecanbehelpfulornot.Theshortanswerseemstobeyes,butitdependsonthejobandthemusic.Inonestudy,machineoperatorsataclothesmanufacturerbecame(2)________(productive)whentheylistenedtorelaxingmusic;theresearchersthereforesuggestedtryingmusicwithafasterpaceinstead.However,inanotherstudy(3)________(conduct)amongsurgeonswhooperatedonpatientswhilelisteningtoclassicalmusic,itshowedthattheywerebothfasterandmoreaccurateinperformance.Inthiscase,theresearchersadvisedagainsthighpaceorloudmusic(4)________itcouldbedistracting.Accordingtosomescientists,nomatterwhattaskyou’reengagedin,lyricsinmusic(5)________negativelyimpactyourattention.However,if(6)________(listen)tolyric-lessorclassicaltunesannoysyou,you’reprobablynotgoingtobeveryproductive,soitultimatelydependsonyourpersonalpreference.Theremightbealinkbetween‘emotionaluse’ofmusicatworkandperformance,too.Essentially,ifyourmoodimproves,sodoesyourwork.Tosomeextent,then,youmaybebestoffplayingmusic(7)________makesyouhappy.Interestingly,though,one2023study,whichsurveyed244peoplewholistenedtomusicatwork,revealednobenefitwhenmusic(8)________(use)forcognitivethinkingorjustplayedinthebackground.Butifyou’rejusthereforthebesttracks(9)________(boost)yourproductivity,we’vegotsomerecommendationsforyou.Thetopthreesongsmostoftenincludedinwork-relatedSpotifylists(10)________(be):‘DropsofJupiter’(Train),‘Dreams’(FleetwoodMac)and‘Don’tStopBelievin’(Journey).Integratethesesongsintoyourworkdayandexperiencetheboostinproductivitytheycanprovide.SectionB(10分)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.enterB.echoC.physicalD.linkedE.supposedF.initialG.literallyH.diverseweatherJ.alternativeK.effectivelySkyquakeIfyou’veeverheardaloud,distantboomingnoisewithnoobviousexplanationlikeathunderstormoracarbackfiring,thenyoumighthaveexperiencedaskyquake.Skyquakeshavebeenreportedaroundtheworldandlocalshave___11___namesforthemindifferentregions.NearSenecaLakeinNewYorkState,they’reknownas‘Senecaguns’;inBelgiumthey’recalled‘mistpoeffers’;andtheJapaneserefertothemas‘uminari’,which___12___means‘criesfromthesea.’Somescientistshavesuggestedthatatypeofmeteor(流星)couldbethecause.Thesespacerocksexplodewhenthey___13___Earth’satmosphere.Ifthisoccurredabovethickcloud,thesoundcould___14___acrossawidearea.However,thereisno___15___evidencereachingtheground.A(n)___16___explanationisthegascomingoutofthebottomofthelake.Severalhotspotsforskyquakeactivityareclosetolarge,deeplakes,suchasSeneca.Butskyquakeshavealsobeenreportedawayfromsuchwaterbodies.ResearchersattheUniversityofNorthCarolinacomparedlocalnewsreportswithinformationfrom___17___sensorsandearthquakedetectors.Theywereunabletoidentifyanyearthquakeactivitythatcoincidedwiththestrangenoises,___18___rulingoutgroundshakingasthecauseofit.Theyconcludedthatthisphenomenonis___19___totheatmosphere.Possiblereasonscouldincludemeteorsexplodingintheskyorthesoundofbigwavesgettinglouderbecauseofspecialweatherconditionsneartheocean.Overtheyears,manyofthese___20___mysterynoiseshaveturnedouttobecausedbymilitaryplanesflyingfasterthanthespeedofsound.Giventhediversityoflocationsandexplanations,it’spossiblethatskyquakesindifferentpartsoftheworldhavedifferentcauses.Butfornow,theirtruecauseremainsmysterious.II.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TherigidcorridorsofWeltonAcademycarriedtheweightoftraditionandconformity(循規(guī)蹈矩).JohnKeating,anEnglishteacherwitha(n)___21___ofmysteryandpassion,steppedintotheacademylikeabreathoffreshnessinadullroom.Hisverypresencewasa(n)___22___tothelong-establishednormsoftheschool.HewasnotonetosimplystandatthefrontoftheclassroomandlecturedaboutShakespeare’spoetryortherulesofgrammar.___23___,hehadauniquewayofmakingthewordscomealive.Inhisfirstclass,hewalkedintotheroom,atwinkleinhiseye,andledtheboysoutintothehallway.Pointingattheold,fadedpicturesofformerstudents,hesaid,“Carpediem,boys.Seizetheday.Makeyourlives___24___.Thesemenwereoncejustlikeyou,withdreamsandpotential.Don’tletthisplaceburyyourambitions.”Hisspecialhaven,the“WhispersoftheBard,”wasamagicalplacehiddenawayfromthe___25___eyesoftheschoolauthorities.Here,undertheopensky,Keatingwouldgatherthestudentsaroundhim.Hewouldrecitepoetrywithsuchenthusiasmthatthewordsseemedto___26___intheair.“Poetry,”hetoldthem,“isnotjustaboutrhymesandmeters.It’sthelanguageofthe___27___.It’sthewayweexpressthedeepestdesiresandthewildestdreamsthatwehold___28___us.”Heencouragedeachstudenttofindtheirownvoicebetweenthelinesofthegreatpoets.ToNeilPerry,whohadahiddenpassionforthe___29___burninglikeasmallfireinhisheart,Keatingwaslikeaguidingstar.HesawthepotentialinNeil’seyesandsaid,“Neil,thestageiswaitingforyou.Don’tletanyoneevenyourfather___30___yourlight.Yourdreamsareprecious,andyouhavethetalenttomakethemcometrue.”HehelpedNeilpracticehislines,showinghimhowto___31___hisemotionsthrougheveryword.UnderKeating’sguidanceineverysession,Neilgrewmoreconfident,believingthathecouldeven___32___whathisfatherexpectedofhim.ForToddAnderson,whowasshyandoften___33___byhisbrotherseeminglyexcellentateverything,Keatingnoticedhistalentforseeingthedeepermeaninginliterature.“Todd,”hesaid,“yourmindisatreasurechest.Openitandshareyourthoughtswiththeworld.Don’tbeafraidto___34___.Yourinterpretationsareasvaluableasanyother’s.”WithKeating’sencouragingwords,Toddstartedtocomeoutofhis___35___,findingthecouragetospeakupandexpresshimself.21.airgesturemoodoutlook22.threatbarrierchallengeopportunity23.HoweverThereforeInsteadMoreover24.mysteriousextraordinarypracticalspecific25.caringshiningwanderingwatching26.dancefloatmoveslide27.insightinnocencesoulsense28.betweenuponintowithin29.poetrystagematchmusic30.dimadjustflashfuel31.concealprojectstimulatesustain32.fallwithinpersistinkeepoffgobeyond33.overseenovershadowedoverestimatedoverlooked34.stepawayfitinstandoutpushforward35.routineshellcirclespaceKeating’sencouragementwaslikeagentlewindthatblewthroughthelivesofthesestudents,fanningtheflamesoftheirdreamsandgivingthemthestrengthtopursuewhattheytrulyloved.SectionB(22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AIntheyear1669,aGermantradernamedHennigBrandsetoutonanunusualquestthatwouldleadtooneofthemostfascinatingdiscoveriesinthehistoryofchemistry.Brand,drivenbytheage-oldalchemists’dreamofmagicallyturningbasemetalsintogold,conductedaseriesofexperimentsthatwouldforeverchangeourunderstandingofelements.Brand’sjourneybeganwithanassumptionthatthekeytocreating“gold”residedinhumanurine(尿液).Thisseeminglystrangeideawasfueledbytheobservationthaturinesharedasimilaryellowcolorwiththepreciousmetal.Actingonthisbelief,Brandcollectedanastonishing5000litersofurineandallowedittostandandferment(發(fā)酵).Afterweeksoffermentation,Brandboiledtheurinedowntoathick,stickysubstance.Hethenmixedthispastewithsandandheatedthemixturetoanextremetemperature.Whatemergedfromthisprocesswasasubstancethatwasentirelynewtotheworldofscience–awhitesolidthatshonewithasoftlightinthedark.Brandnamedthisglowingmaterial“phosphorus,”originatingfromtheGreekwordsfor“l(fā)ightbearer.”Thediscoveryofphosphoruswasnotjustascientificbreakthrough;itcapturedtheimaginationofthepublicandthescientificcommunityalike.Itsabilitytogiveofflightinthedarknesswasbothfascinatingandmysterious.TheimplicationsofBrand’sdiscoverywerefar-reaching.Phosphoruswasnotonlyanoveltybutalsoasubstancewithpracticalapplications.Itwouldlaterbecomeanessentialcomponentintheproductionofmatches,fertilizers,andvariouschemicals.HennigBrand’saccidentaldiscoveryofphosphorusin1669wasmorethanjustfindinganewelement;itmarkedtheendoftheeraoftheperiodofmagicchemistryandthebeginningofmodernchemistry.Brand’sphosphorus,oncesoughtasameanstowealth,becameacornerstoneinthefieldofscience,acleardemonstrationofpowerofcuriosityandtheunexpectedpathsthatcanleadtoenlightenment.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thefallofancientalchemistsandtheriseofmodernchemists.B.Theaccidentaldiscoveryofphosphorusanditsscientificimpact.C.Theimportanceofhumanurineinscientificexperiments.D.Thetransformationofbasemetalsintogoldthroughmagic.WhatwasHennigBrand’sinitialgoalwhenhestartedhisexperiments?A.Toturnhumanurineintogold. B.Todiscoveranewelement.C.Toproduceaglowingsubstance. D.Toreformmodernchemistry.Theunderlinedword“cornerstone”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.mystery B.symbol C.obstacle D.foundationWhatcanbeinferredaboutHennigBrandfromthepassage?A.Hewasaseriouschemistwhofollowedestablishedscientificmethods.B.Hewasavisionaryscientistwhopredictedthefutureofchemistry.C.Hewasacuriousindividualwillingtoexploreunconventionalideas.D.Hewasawealthytraderwithadeepunderstandingofchemistry.BGoingunderground?TheSubwayistheeasiestwaytogetaroundtheCityCentreandWestEndofGlasgow.Runningeveryfourminutesatpeaktimes,ittakesjust24minutestocompleteacircuitofthe15stationsandcostsfromaslittleas￡1.80foranadultsingletotravelanywhereelseonthesystem.FirstTrainsLastTrainsOuterCircleMon.toSat.Sun.OuterCircleMon.toSat.Sun.FromGovan06:3010:00FromGovan23:1617:50FromStEnoch06:3410:03FromStEnoch23:3018:03InnerCircleMon.toSat.Sun.InnerCircleMon.toSat.Sun.FromGovan06:3010:00FromGovan23:1617:50FromStEnoch06:3210:00FromStEnoch23:2818:00SubwayticketsTypeAdultChild***unlimitedtravelforoneday**Appliestochildrenunder16yearsold.Childrenunderfivetravelforfreeifaccompaniedbyafarepayingadult.Single￡1.80￡0.85Return￡3.40￡1.60Allday*￡4.30￡2.1540. Accordingtothenoticeboard,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Thesubwayistheonlywaytotravelinthecity.B.Thesubwayrunsevery4minutesanytimeoftheday.C.Anentirejourneyof24stationstakes15minutes.D.Anadultticketforafullcircuitcostsonly￡1.80.41. ToarriveatKelvinbridgeonaweekdaymorningassoonaspossible,youcantaketheearliesttrainfromStEnochat____________. A.6:34 B.6:32 C.10:00 D.10:0342. Acoupletakinga15-year-oldandanewbornonaONE-DAYtripinGlasgowcanmaximizetheirsubwayexperiencebypaying____________. A.￡6.45 B.￡8.40 C.￡10.75 D.￡12.90CForthefirsttime,scientistshaveobservedthebrainthroughoutthepregnancy(懷孕)timeline.Sexhormones,likeestrogenandtestosterone,arepowerfulplayersinthebrain,affectingmood,memory,andmore.Someofthemostdramatichormonalchangesthathumansexperiencehappenduringpregnancy,andyetthoseninemonthshavebeenablackboxforhumanneuroscienceuntilnow.Anewstudypublishedthisweekin

NatureNeuroscience

providesthemostextensivelookinsidethatblackboxyet.Researchers

scannedthebrainofonewoman26times

overtheentirecourseofherpregnancy–before,duringandafter.Brainscansshowthattracksofwhitemattergetstrongerduringpregnancy.Previousbrainimagingstudiesfrombeforeandafterpregnancyhaveshownthat

pregnancyshrinks(縮小)partsofthebrain,specificallyitsgraymatter.Theseouterlayersofthebrainareresponsibleformostofsensation,learningandothergreatthingsthebraindoes.Shrinkinggraymattermaysoundscary,butithappenstoallofusthroughoutdevelopmenttofine-tuneourneuralprocessingandmakeourbrainsmoreefficient.Thoughtheterm“mommybrain”isoftenusedtorefertothebrainfogandforgetfulnesssomepeoplefeelduringpregnancy,thebrainchangesarelikelyadaptive.Forexample,youmaybeforgettingwhereyourkeysare,butyouarewaymorefocusedonwhatishappeningtoyourbaby.Researchersareparticularlyinterestedinchangeswithinbrainregionsthathelpwithsocialcognitionbyallowingustotakeonothers’perspectives.Thescaleandpatternofbrainchangesduringpregnancyaresimilartowhatotherresearchers

haveseeninadolescentbrains

duringpuberty(青春期),alsodrivenbyhormones.Otherresearchershavebeenabletodetect

whethersomeonehadbeenpregnant

basedonlyonneuroimagingdatafromdecadeslater.Sodespitethecommonsayingthatourbrainsstopdevelopinginourmid-20s,hormonesseemtodrivebig,long-lastingchangesthroughoutadulthood.Fromstudyingthewoman’sbrain,researchersconfirmedgraymatterdecreasedbyfourpercentoverthecourseofpregnancyandthatdecreasepersistedthroughouttheendofthestudytwoyearsaftergivingbirth.Anditwasn’tjustoneareaornetwork–80%ofbrainregionsshrunk.Whilecertainareasandnetworkschangedfasterthanothers,theteamdoesn’tyetknowwhattheimplicationsare.43. Thepassagemainlytellsus__________________.A.howpregnancyimpactswomen’smemory B.howbrainscansleadtoabreakthroughC.howpubertydiffersfrompregnancy D.howbrainchangesduringpregnancy44. Basedontheresearch,apregnantwomanshould______changesaccompanying“mommybrain”? A.peacefullyaccept B.consciouslyavoidC.completelyignore D.eagerlyexpect45. Wecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________________________. A. researchershavefiguredoutwhycertainareasofbrainchangefaster B. despitesimilarity,brainchangesinpubertyaren’tdrivenbyhormones C. hormonesarelikelytocausebrainchangesbeyondadolescence D. theshrinkageofgraymatterinbrainstopsshortlyafterchildbirthPresentingafindingExplainingRelatingwithotherfindingsPresentingafindingExplainingRelatingwithotherfindingsA.SummarizingthemainpointsIntroducingatopicProvidingexamplesSummarizingthemainpointsIntroducingatopicProvidingexamplesB.StatingaproblemStatingaproblemProposingsolutionsEvaluatingthesolutionsC.PredictingthefuturetrendsDescribingaphenomenonPredictingthefuturetrendsDescribingaphenomenonAnalyzingthecausesD.SectionC(8分)Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Previously,they’vetrainedpacksofheroratstodetectdangerousbacteria.ThentheywereintroducedtocommonscentsusedtomaskillegalwildlifetradeThiseffortaimstoprovidealow-costdetectionsystemtopreventillegalhunting.Existingscreeningtoolsareexpensiveandtimeintensive,necessitatinganewapproach.Forthispurpose,thesetrainedratswillbeexpectedtoworkinlikelyhotspotsforillegalwildlifetrade.RattingonCrimes“Youarenevermorethansixfeetawayfromarat,”goesthesaying.Thoughithasbeenconcludedthatthisestimateisincorrect,itmightsoonbeaccurateforthoseinvolvedintheillegalwildlifetrade.AteamofresearchershavetrainedAfricanratstopickupthescents(氣味)ofendangeredanimalproducts,suchaselephantivoryandrhinohorn.47.__________Theratpackcanevenidentifytheseitemswhenconcealedamongothersubstances,andhavebeenshowntorememberthesmellsaftermonthsofnon-exposure.Thisisn’tthefirsttimeAPOPO,aTanzania-basednon-profit,haverecognizedapotentialforasuper-ratworkforce.48.__________Theorganizationlookstoprovidelow-tech,cost-efficientsolutionstopressingchallengesthroughoutAfrica.Theratsinthenewstudywentthroughseveraldemandingstagesoftraining.Theyfirstlearnedtosmellatargetscentforseveralsecondstoearnaflavouredreward.49.__________Thefinalstepwasmemoryconsolidationtraining,wheretheywerereintroducedtoscentsthey’dnotencounteredforfiveandeightmonths,respectively.Despitethemonthsofnon-exposure,theratsshowedperfectmemoryscores,suggestingthattheircognitivememoryperformanceissimilartothatofdogs. Illegalcapture,killing,andharvestingofanimalsandplantshaveincreaseddramaticallyinrecentyears.Forexample,55Africanelephantsarekilledfortheirtuskseveryday,over20,000ayear.Thishastobestoppedimmediately.50.__________Theywillbearmedwithcustom-madevests(馬甲).Withtheirfrontpaws,theywillbeabletopullasmallballattachedtothechestoftheirvest,whichgivesoutabeepingsound.Thiswayratswillbeabletoalerthandlerswhentheydetectatarget.Oncefullytrainedandprepared,thesegiantratscouldbecomeillegalhunters’worstenemy.III.SummaryWriting(10分)51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheSignificanceofCattleinMaasaiSocietyCattlearethetraditionalpartnersoftheMaasaipeopleofEastAfrica.ThetraditionalMaasaidietisheavilycenteredaroundcattleproducts.MilkisafundamentalcomponentoftheMaasaidiet,consumeddailyandinvariousforms.Freshmilk,knownas“enkirowua”,isoftendrunkstraightormixedwithherbsforaddedflavorandmedicinalbenefits.Processedmilk,or“mokore”,isapopularvariation,providingrichsourceofnutrition.Cattle’smeatisanotherimportantpartoftheMaasaidiet,consumedduringspecialoccasionsandceremonies.Everypartoftheanimalisused,reflectingtheMaasai’sresourcefulnessandrespectfortheirlivestock.Itrepresentsstrengthandthecommunity’scollectivewealth.CattleholdsignificantvalueinMaasaisociallife.Anindividual’ssocialstatusisheavilyinfluencedbycattleownership.Thenumberofcattleonepossessesdirectlyrelateswithhisstandinginthecommunity.Thisisparticularlyevidentduringtraditionalceremonies,suchasweddings,wheretheexchangeofcattleasgiftssignifiesthestrongbondbetweenfamiliesandasharedcommitmenttothefuture.Familiesthereshareresponsibilitiesincattlecareandtheircollectivemanagementpromotesunityandteamwork.Forexample,theprocessofmilkingisasharedactivity,involvingbothmenandwomenandstrengtheningsocialbonds.Itisespeciallyvitalduringchallengingtimes,suchasdroughtsorotherhardshipswhenthewell-beingofthecattleiscrucial.CattlealsoplayabigroleinMaasairitualsandceremonies,accompanyingindividualsfrombirthtodeath.Forexample,thesacrificeofacowduringnamingceremoniesorfuneralsnotonlycelebratestheoccasionbutalsostrengthensthecommunity’sspiritualconnectionwiththeirlivestock.Theseritualshighlightthespiritualimportanceofcattle,seenasalinkbetweenthephysicalandspiritualworlds,thusfirmlyestablishingtheircentralroleinMaasaiculture.IV.Translation(15分)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52. 農(nóng)忙季節(jié)，這個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的小村子顯得空蕩蕩的。(desert)53. 上海博物館的埃及展太火爆了，根本搶不到票。(impossible)54. 雖然這部經(jīng)典老片在1998年首映，但當(dāng)它本月重新上映時(shí)，依然在影迷中引起了極大的