（高考英語作文煉句）第6篇譯文老師筆記

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天1.均衡完善的教育不僅有利于年輕人的職業(yè)前景,而且能提升他們的生活滿意度.Awell-balancededucation

(1.均衡完善的教育)notonly

contributesto

(2.有利于)the

careerprospects

(3.職業(yè)前景)ofyoungadults,butalsoimprovetheir

lifesatisfaction(4.生活滿意度).

1-well-balancededucationwell此處所取的含義是"adv-很好地、充分地”.

詞典釋義：well-balanced[?wel'b?l.?ntst]

adjective

■containingamixtureofideas,people,etc.with

eachonebeingrepresentedequallyorfairly

平衡的;均衡的

?a

well-balanced

article結(jié)構(gòu)非常合理的文章?a

well-balanced

team實力均衡的隊伍■describesagroupoffoodswhichtogether

provideagoodrangeofthethingsyouneedtostayhealthy

營養(yǎng)搭配均衡的?a

well-balanced

meal/diet營養(yǎng)均衡的一餐／飲食■describessomeonewhoiscalmandreasonableand

whoshowsgoodjudgment

(人)穩(wěn)重的;明智的?Dothesenurseriesproducethehappy,

well-balanced

childrenthatteachersandparentssaytheydo?這些幼兒園是否像那些老師和家長們說的那樣能培養(yǎng)出快樂而發(fā)展全面的孩子?

外刊例句：Inotherwords,everywellbalancededucationshould

includeliteracy,numeracyandcreativelymakingthings.(TheTelegraph)

替換表達(dá)：a/anbalanced/well-rounded/all-roundeducation

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)abalancedandwell-roundededucation點(diǎn)評：balanced本身已經(jīng)有包含well-rounded的含義,這里不用重復(fù)用詞(2)equilibriumeducation點(diǎn)評：equilibrium是指不同的人、團(tuán)體或勢力之間相互競爭的平衡,均衡,不能用來修飾education,建議翻譯的時候不要根據(jù)中文意思直譯,多查查詞典尋找合適的表達(dá).(3)balancedandcomplete/overalleducation點(diǎn)評：complete/overalleducation表達(dá)過于生硬,可以查查詞典中education的詞條,尋找合適的修飾詞.

2-contributeto注意contributeto后若跟動詞,應(yīng)是-ing形式.contributeto中性,好壞結(jié)果都可以放在其后.

詞典釋義：3.VERB

動詞

促成;促使;是導(dǎo)致…的原因之一

Ifsomething

contributes

to

aneventorsituation,itisoneofthecauses

ofit.

【語法信息】：Vton

【語法信息】：V-ing?Thereportsaysdesignfaultsinboththevessels

contributedtothetragedy...報告說兩艘船存在的設(shè)計缺陷也促成了這場悲劇的發(fā)生.

?Stress,bothhumanandmechanical,mayalsobea

contributingfactor.來自人的和機(jī)械方面的壓力可能也是一個因素.

可供替換的表達(dá)：benefit/bebeneficialto

外刊例句：Ithopesthatgreaterawarenessofthemeritsofpotatoes

will

contributeto

theachievement

ofitsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,byhelpingtoalleviatepoverty,improve

foodsecurityandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.

(The

Economist)

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

beinfavorof點(diǎn)評：beinfavorof含義是"贊同,支持”,與語境不符.(2)

beconduciveto點(diǎn)評：beconducivetosomething是指環(huán)境有利于某事,比如an

atmospherethatisconducivetolearning,但是不能說A

well-balancededucationisconducivetocareerprospects,這里可以改為benefit.

3-careerprospectsprospects復(fù)數(shù)形式指"前景”,如發(fā)展前景、經(jīng)濟(jì)前景;prospect單數(shù)形式指"設(shè)想、將要發(fā)生的事情”.

詞典釋義：prospects

[plural]

■thepossibilityof

beingsuccessful,especiallyatwork

成功的機(jī)會;前景,前途

?She'shopingthecoursewillimproveher

career

prospects.她希望這門課能改善自己的事業(yè)前景.?Prospects

of/for

(=Opportunitiesfor)employmentremainbleakformost

peopleinthearea.該地區(qū)大多數(shù)人的就業(yè)前景還是很黯淡的.

外刊例句：Workingforherdoesnotcarrygood

careerprospects：manyofthosewhohavehelpedoutatherhome

inYangonarenowbehindbars.Thelatesttobedetainedareaccusedof

helpingtosmuggleoutvideotapesofMissSuuKyi.

(TheEconomist)

替換表達(dá)：jobprospects/careeroutlook

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

careerforeground點(diǎn)評：foreground是指重要位置或照片的前景,不能與career搭配.(2)

vocationalprospective點(diǎn)評：prospective是指"很可能發(fā)生的”,不能與prospect混淆.

4-lifesatisfactionsatisfaction還常與job、customer搭配使用.

詞典釋義：satisfactionUK

[?s?t.?s'f?k.??n]

US

[?s?t?-]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

apleasantfeelingwhichyougetwhenyoureceivesomethingyouwanted,or

whenyouhavedonesomethingyouwantedtodo

滿足,滿意

?Shelookedatthefinishedpainting

with

satisfaction.她滿意地看著完成的畫作.?Shederived/obtainedgreat

satisfaction

from/out

of

helpingotherpeople.她幫助別人,從中獲得無比的滿足.?Forme,

job

satisfaction

ismoreimportant

thanthemoney.對我來說,從工作中得到的滿足比錢更重要.?She

had

the

satisfaction

of

knowing

thatshe'ddoneeverythingshecould.知道自己已經(jīng)盡力了,她就沒甚么遺憾了.

外刊例句：WefindthatGDPperheadaloneexplainssometwothirdsof

theinter-countryvariationin

life

satisfaction,andtheestimatedrelationshipislinear.

(The

Economist)

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

lifehappiness點(diǎn)評：沒有l(wèi)ifehappiness這個表達(dá),應(yīng)該改為lifesatisfaction(2)

levelofsatisfactionoflife點(diǎn)評：這里應(yīng)該改為levelofsatisfactioninlife

Q：老師您好,"幸福感”要怎么用英文表達(dá)呢?A：可以說senseofhappiness

Q：詞都知道,都認(rèn)識,但是不知道如何能夠成為完整的表達(dá),例如awell-balancededucation,這個全部都認(rèn)識,但是就是想不起來組合在一起成為"均衡完善的教育”的意思,我使用的是balancedandperfecteducation,詞組織起來非常生硬,請問老師如何能夠使用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~組表達(dá)意思,詞組的意思有沒有什么好的字典去查?A：下次碰到這種情況時可以先查詞典,看看詞典里面有沒有對應(yīng)的詞組.比如針對這個例子我們可以去查詞典里面的education詞條,看看有沒有合適的搭配.還有一個是要靠平時的記憶,這個目前還沒有捷徑.

Q：education是不可數(shù)名詞,可以用a修飾嗎?A：可以.查朗文詞典可以看到,里面有不少對應(yīng)的搭配.

Q：請問careerprospects前為何要加定冠詞the?A：因為后面有of

youngadults作為限定,此時careerprospects是特指,需要加the,如果沒有ofyoungadults這個限定,就不能加the2.這所大學(xué)的設(shè)備可以媲美世界一流大學(xué),但是它的師資和教學(xué)理念還有很多不足之處.

Thefacilitiesofthisuniversitycan

rival

(1.媲美)thoseoftheworld’s

first-class

(2.一流的)universities,butits

faculty(3.師資)and

educationalphilosophy

(4.教學(xué)理念)leavemuchtobedesired(5.……還有很多不足之處).

1-rivalrival作為名詞,也是"勢均力敵的敵手”之意,和動詞一致.

詞典釋義：['ra?.v?l]

verb

transitive

(-ll-

or

USUSUALLY

-l-)

■tobeasgood,clever,beautiful,etc.assomeoneor

somethingelse

可與…相媲美,比得上?Nocomputercan

rival

ahumanbrain

for/in

complexity.沒有任何電腦比得上人腦復(fù)雜.?Thebeautyofthecountryisonly

rivalled

by(=isequalto)theviolenceofitspolitics.該國的美麗風(fēng)光非同尋常,而其國內(nèi)政治的殘暴同樣驚世駭俗.

外刊例句：ButSirChristopherWren'sdomewillsoonbe

rivalled

byaskyscraperdesignedby

NormanFoster,nicknamedthe"eroticgherkin”foritscurvaceousform.

(The

Economist)

替換表達(dá)：match/compete/parallel/comparewith

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

betheequivalentof答疑：betheequivalentof含義是"等值,等同”,例如a

qualificationwhichisequivalenttoadegree相當(dāng)于學(xué)位的資歷,這里不能用來指"媲美”.(2)

outclass點(diǎn)評：outclass含義為"遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高出,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(對手)”,在此用outclass表示"媲美”不妥.

2-first-classclass此處取的含義是"n-等級、分類”.

詞典釋義：adjective

EXCELLENT

出色的

出色的;優(yōu)秀的;第一流的?She'smadeafirst-classjobofdecoratingtheliving

room.她把客廳裝修得棒極了.

外刊例句：Until1962,England’s

first-class

cricketerswereformallydividedintotwocategories,gentlemenand

players—thenobswhocouldaffordtoplaycricketasamateurs,versus

working-classprofessionalswhoneededtobepaid.

(TheEconomist)

替換表達(dá)：world-class、prime

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

prestigious點(diǎn)評：prestigious是指"有威望的,有聲望的”,沒有表達(dá)出"一流”的意思.(2)

superior點(diǎn)評：superior是指"更好的,更優(yōu)的”,同樣沒有表達(dá)出"一流”的含義.

3-facultyfaculty指一個學(xué)校的全體教師,所以可以指"師資”.

詞典釋義：3.N-VAR

可變名詞

(大學(xué)、學(xué)院或院系的)全體教員

A

faculty

isalltheteaching

staffofauniversityorcollege,orofonedepartment.

【搭配模式】：oftNn

【語域標(biāo)簽】：AM美?The

faculty

agreedonachangeintherequirements...全體教師一致同意修改規(guī)定.?Howcan

faculty

improvetheirteachingsoastoencourage

creativity?教師們?nèi)绾尾拍芨倪M(jìn)教學(xué)以激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性呢??...eminentStanford

faculty

members.聲名顯赫的斯坦福大學(xué)的教師們

外刊例句：Excellentuniversitiesneedexcellent

faculty,socompetitionforthemhasincreased.Amongthebig

markets,Australia,AmericaandCanadauniversitiesare(onaverage)thebest

payers,butsomeofthenewGulfemployersoffertwiceasmuch.

(The

Economist)

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)qualityofteachers點(diǎn)評：qualityofteachers是指教師的質(zhì)量,而不是指師資.

4-educationalphilosophyphilosophy作為"理念、思想”的含義,常和economic、educational、management、political、religious搭配.

詞典釋義：thephilosophyofsth

■agroupof

theoriesandideasrelatedtotheunderstandingofaparticularsubject

(某學(xué)科的)多種理論思想?the

philosophy

ofeducation/religion/science教育／宗教／科學(xué)知識

外刊例句：Theheadmistressexplainedthatfindingsomethingto

celebrateineverystudentrepresentedherschool's

educationalphilosophy.(TheGuardian)

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

teachingtheory點(diǎn)評：teachingtheory是指"教學(xué)理論”,與"教學(xué)理念”存在區(qū)別.

5-leavealot/something/muchtobedesired

是一個固定表達(dá),含義是"還有很多不足”

leavealottobedesiredtobemuchworsethanyouwouldlike

還有很大改進(jìn)余地,還有很大差距?Apparently,Meg'scookingleavesalottobedesired.顯然,梅格的廚藝還有很大的改進(jìn)余地.

外刊例句：Theimpositionofwesternreligiousdoctrinesthatdeemthe

process"unclean”thusexcludingthosewhomenstruatefromparticipatingin

societystillresonatestodayand

leaves

alottobedesired.(TheGuardian)

可供替換的表達(dá)：befarfromperfect

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

stillhavemanyroughedges點(diǎn)評：roughedges是指一些無傷大雅的瑕疵,小毛病,用在語境中不合適.(2)

thereisstillmuchroom點(diǎn)評：后面應(yīng)該補(bǔ)充完整thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement

Q：eavemuchtobedesired像這種短語可以從哪里查出來?大學(xué)設(shè)備facilities和equipment是不是可以通用?facilities從語義上和equipment并沒有什么區(qū)別,那么如何區(qū)分這二者的用法呢?A：這種短語主要靠平時的積累,沒有辦法硬查出來.Facility是可數(shù)名詞,equipment是不可數(shù)名詞,equipment一般是指設(shè)備的總稱.

3.盡管人們普遍持有的觀點(diǎn)是電視節(jié)目沒什么教育價值,但在某種意義上孩子可以通過觀看新聞和紀(jì)錄片開闊眼界.

Despitethe

widely-heldbelief

(1.人們普遍持有的觀點(diǎn))thatTVprogramsgenerallyhaveno

educativevalue(2.教育價值),

inasense

(3.在某種意義上)childrencan

broadentheirhorizons

(4.開闊眼界)bywatchingnewsanddocumentaries.

1-thewidely-heldbeliefwidely-held常和名詞assumption、belief、perception、view搭配使用.

詞典釋義：UK

[h??ld]

US

[ho?ld]

verb

(held,

held)

BELIEVE

相信

transitivenotcontinuous

■tobelieveanideaoropinion

相信,確信?[+

to

infinitive]Smallamountsofalcoholareheld

to

begoodfortheheart.據(jù)信少量飲酒對心臟有好處.?Yousoldittome,soifitbreaksI'll

hold

you

responsible

(=makeyoutakeresponsibility).是你把它賣給我,所以如果壞了你得負(fù)責(zé).

外刊例句：Theresultsdemolish

the

widelyheldbeliefthat

regularuseofbrain-traininggamesimproves

generalcognitivefunction.(TheGuardian)

替換表達(dá)：Theprevalentviewisthat...

2-educativevalueeducational是"與教育有關(guān)的”,用在這里也是可以的;而educative強(qiáng)調(diào)的是教育最終的"產(chǎn)出”,也就是最后能夠達(dá)到教育意義的.也可以參考https：///educational-vs-educative/.

詞典釋義：educativeUK

['ed.j?.k?.t?v]

US

[-ke?.t??v]

adjective

■providingeducation

有教育作用(或意義)的;有教益的

?Veryfewactivitiesatthisagehaveno

educative

valueatall.這個年齡階段上,參加甚么活動幾乎都是有教育意義的.?...the

educative

valueofallowingbroadcastersintotheir

courts.允許電視臺進(jìn)入他們的審判庭所具有的教育意義

外刊例句：DespitethehypeaboutinteractiveTV'sabilitytobridge

thedigitaldivideandthe

educative

value

ofsomechannels,thetruthisthatdigitalTVisjustmoretelly,

and,assuch,unlikelytomakeBritonseitherclevererorricher.

(The

Economist)

替換表達(dá)：educationalvalue

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

educationvalue點(diǎn)評：educationvalue應(yīng)該改為educationalvalue

3-inasense

詞典釋義：inasense

(also

inonesense)

thinkingabout

somethinginoneway,butnotineveryway

從某種意義上講

?Sheclaimsthatthesystemisatfaultandshe'sright,in

a

sense

(=sheispartlyright),itcouldbeimproved.她主張現(xiàn)行制度有問題,從某種意義上說,她是對的,現(xiàn)行制度確有改進(jìn)的空間.

外刊例句：Inasense,thisisa

goldenageforfreespeech.Yoursmartphonecancallupnewspapersfromthe

othersideofworldinseconds.Morethanabilliontweets,Facebookposts

andblogupdatesarepublishedeverysingleday.Anyonewithaccesstothe

internetcanbeapublisher,andanyonewhocanreachWikipediaentersa

digitalhavenwhereAmerica’sFirstAmendmentreigns.

(The

Economist)

替換表達(dá)：insomesense/inonesense/insomeways/tosomedegree

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

insomeextent點(diǎn)評：這里介詞使用有誤,應(yīng)該是tosomeextent

4-broadenthehorizonshorizon主要指"知識、經(jīng)驗、興趣”方面的眼界.用復(fù)數(shù)形式.

詞典釋義：UK

['br?：.d?n]

US

['brɑ：-]

verb

MOREGENERAL

拓展

transitive

■toincreasethe

rangeofsomething

擴(kuò)展,拓寬?They'veintroducedallsortsofnewelementstothat

programmeinorderto

broaden

its

appeal.他們已經(jīng)給那個節(jié)目加入了各種新元素以增強(qiáng)其吸引力.?Ihopedthatgoingtouniversitymight

broaden

my

horizons

(=increasetherangeofmyknowledgeandexperience).我希望上大學(xué)能使我增長見識.

外刊例句：Thereisnothinglikestudyingoverseasto

broaden

your

horizons,nottomentionyourCV.Employersareincreasingly

lookingonforeignlanguageskillsandfamiliaritywithdifferentculturesas

adifferentiatorwhenitcomestopotentialemployees.

(TheGuardian)

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

opentheireyes點(diǎn)評：openyoureyestosomething含義是"接受某事物”,與"開闊眼界”不同.

Q：老師,用areofnoneeducativevalue取代havenoeducativevalue好不好,哪個更好一些?A：兩個都可以,不過areofnoneeducativevalue應(yīng)該改為areofnoeducativevalue

Q：例句為什么沒有一一對應(yīng)翻譯"記錄片”?A：documentaries就有紀(jì)錄片的意思.

Q：翻譯中的generally與widely-held

belief是不是有點(diǎn)重復(fù)?A：不重復(fù),widely-heldbelief是強(qiáng)調(diào)人們普遍持有的觀點(diǎn),generally是強(qiáng)調(diào)電視節(jié)目普遍沒有教育價值,兩者側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同.4.很多畢業(yè)生最終選擇與他們專業(yè)不對口的工作,這是因為他們在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的東西與就業(yè)市場的需求不匹配.Manygraduates

endup

(1.最終)injobs

unrelatedto

(2.與……不相關(guān))theirmajors,andthatisbecausewhattheyhavelearntincollegedoesnot

match

(3.匹配)thedemandsof

thejobmarket(4.就業(yè)市場).

1-endupendup指"以……而告終”,后跟現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語(常用介詞with,in,

as,by,at)、副詞短語、名詞短語.

詞典釋義：2.PHRASALVERB

短語動詞

最終;結(jié)果;到頭來

Ifyou

endup

doingsomethingor

endup

inaparticularstate,youdothat

thingorgetintothatstateeventhoughyoudidnotoriginallyintendto.

【語法信息】：VP

-ing

【語法信息】：VP

prep/adv

【語法信息】：VP

n1.

?Ifyoudon'tknow

whatyouwant,youmight

endup

getting

somethingyoudon'twant...如果你不知道自己想要什么,到頭來你可能得非所愿.2.

?Everytimethey

wentdancingtheyendedupinabadmood...每次他們?nèi)ヌ?都會不歡而散.3.

?Shecouldhave

endedupamillionairess.

她本可以成為百萬富婆的.

外刊例句：He

endedup

trappedintobackingabillthat,accordingtotheCBO,wouldhelptheyoung

andhealthyandsendcostssky-rocketingforsomeofMrTrump’smostloyal

supporters,startingwiththeoldandthoseinruralareas.(TheEconomist)

替換表達(dá)：windup

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：

(1)

Finally點(diǎn)評：endup帶有"最終結(jié)果與原來預(yù)期的不一致”這一層意思,而finally只是指"最終”.這里用endup更加合適.

2-unrelatedto

詞典釋義：1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

沒關(guān)聯(lián)的;沒聯(lián)系的

Ifonethingis

unrelatedto

another,thereisnoconnection

betweenthem.Youcanalsosaythattwothingsare

unrelated.

【搭配模式】：oft

ADJton1.

?Mylineofwork

isentirely

unrelated

topolitics...我的職業(yè)與政治完全無關(guān).2.

?Twoofthemdied

fromapparently

unrelated

causes.他們中的兩個人死因明顯不同.

外刊例句：Althoughadoctorateisdesignedastrainingforajobin

academia,thenumberofPhDpositionsis

unrelated

to

thenumberofjobopenings.(TheEconomist)

替換表達(dá)：havenothingtodowith/beirrelevantto/bearnorelationto

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

notcorrespondto/notbealignedwith/notin

linewith點(diǎn)評：這幾個短語表達(dá)的是"與……不相對應(yīng)”的意思,與原句意思有區(qū)別.(2)

notmatchedwith點(diǎn)評：match這里是"相匹配”的意思,與原句意思有區(qū)別.

3-matchmatch作為"匹配”,有達(dá)到某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或質(zhì)量、與……相符合的含義.

詞典釋義：5.V-RECIP-ERG

與…配對;與…匹配

Ifonething

matches

another,theyareconnectedorsuiteachotherinsomeway.1.

?Thestudentsare

askedto

match

thebookswith

theauthors...要求學(xué)生把書籍與作者對應(yīng)起來.2.

?Wewilltryto

match

youtoemployers

withthevacanciesyouarelookingfor...我們會爭取為你找到提供你所需職位的用人單位.3.

?Itcantaketime

andeffortto

match

buyersand

sellers...給買賣雙方牽線可能需要一些時間和工夫.4.

?Thesalewould

onlygoaheadifthenameandnumber

matched...只有名稱與數(shù)目吻合,才能進(jìn)行銷售.5.

?Picturesofroad

signsare

matchedwiththeir

HighwayCodemeanings.道路標(biāo)志圖是同公用通道法規(guī)一致的.

外刊例句：InCanadasuchimmigrantsarefreetomovearoundoncethey

haveearnedpermanentresidency,butsincetheprovincestendtopick

migrantswhoseskills

matchlocal

demand,moststayput.(TheEconomist)

替換表達(dá)：fitinwithdemand

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

equal

to點(diǎn)評：beequalto含義是"勝任某事