（高考英語作文煉句）第32篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.那些能促進(jìn)新知識和新技能發(fā)展的工作——不管這種發(fā)展是通過行業(yè)專門培訓(xùn),還是對溝通技能、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技能和管理技能的培養(yǎng)——都能夠使學(xué)生展示他們的潛能,以及擁有一個更有產(chǎn)出性和更加令人滿意的事業(yè).Jobsthatpromotethedevelopmentofnewknowledgeandskills--whether

intheformof

(1.以……的形式)industry-specifictraining

(2.行業(yè)專門培訓(xùn))orthedevelopmentofcommunication,leadershipandmanagementskills--willallowgraduatesto

manifest(3.展示)theirpotentialandhaveamore

productive

(4.更有產(chǎn)生性)andsatisfyingcareer.

1-intheformof

詞典釋義：form2.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

(存在的)形態(tài),形式

Whensomethingcanexistor

happeninseveralpossibleways,youcanuse

form

torefertoone

particularwayinwhichitexistsorhappens.

【搭配模式】：withsupp?Valleysoftentakethe

form

of

deepcanyons...山谷經(jīng)常以深峽谷的形態(tài)存在.?Theyreceivedabenefitinthe

form

of

ataxreduction...他們獲得了減稅優(yōu)惠.?Initspresent

form,

thelawcouldleadtonewinjustices.以其目前的形式而言,這項法規(guī)可能會帶來新的不公.

inthe

formofsth?Peopleare

bombardedwithinformationintheformofTVadvertising.電視廣告信息對著人們狂轟濫炸.?VitaminCcanbe

takenincapsuleortabletform.維生素C有膠囊和片劑兩種形式可以服用.?Atypicaltraining

programmetakestheformofaseriesofworkshops.一般的培訓(xùn)計劃都采用舉辦系列講座的形式.

外刊例句：Theessentialproductofinsurance—protection,usually

intheformof

money,whenthingsgo

wrong—hasfewobvioussubstitutes.

()在事情出錯時提供保護(hù)(通常以金錢形式)是保險業(yè)的核心產(chǎn)物,且甚少顯而易見的替代品.

2-industry-specifictrainingspecific可以跟在n后面構(gòu)成形容詞性的合成詞"n-specific”,表示"專為n(服務(wù))的”.

詞典釋義：industry['?n.d?.stri]

noun

TYPEOFWORK

行業(yè)

ESSENTIAL

countable

■thepeopleandactivitiesinvolvedinonetypeof

business

行業(yè)?thegas/electricity

industry燃?xì)鈽I(yè)／電力工業(yè)?thetourist

industry旅游業(yè)?manufacturing

industries制造業(yè)?Thecomputer

industry

hasbeenbooming.電腦行業(yè)已經(jīng)日益蓬勃起來了.

specific3.ADJ

形容詞

特有的;獨特的;只與…有關(guān)的

Somethingthatis

specific

to

aparticularthingisconnectedwiththat

thingonly.

【搭配模式】：usuv-linkADJton?Sendyourresumewithacoverletterthatis

specific

tothatparticularjob.寄出你的簡歷并附上一份針對那個特定工作崗位的附函.

Specific

isalsousedafternouns.

(亦用在名詞后)?Moststudiesoftradehavebeencountry-specific.有關(guān)貿(mào)易的多數(shù)研究都是針對某個具體國家的.

?...ajob-specific

course.崗位課程

外刊例句：Thepostgraduateandpost-experiencedegreehasdiversified

overthepastfewyearstooffer

industry

specifictraining

foraccountants,public-sectorworkers,lawyersand

evenfootballers.

()研究生課程和具專業(yè)知識繼續(xù)教育課程在過去幾年已花樣百出,給會計、國營部門工作者、律師,甚至是足球員等職業(yè)提供專門的職業(yè)培訓(xùn).

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

special

industrialtraining點評：沒有industrial

training的說法,此外,special含義是"特殊的”,不符合原句的意思.

3-manifest

詞典釋義：manifest['m?n.?.fest]

formal

verb

transitive

LISTOFPEOPLE

■toshowsomethingclearly,throughsignsoractions

顯示;表現(xiàn);表明?Theworkerschoseto

manifest

theirdissatisfaction

in

aseriesofstrikes.工人決定藉一連串罷工來表達(dá)他們的不滿.?Theillnessfirst

manifested

itself

in/as

severestomachpains.這種疾病最初表現(xiàn)為嚴(yán)重的胃痛.?Lackofconfidenceinthecompany

manifested

itself

in

afallintheshareprice.人們對公司缺乏信心,股價下跌正好顯示此情況.

外刊例句：TheECHRdrewonArticle9oftheEuropeanConventionon

HumanRightswhichassertstheindividual'srightto

manifest

areligion.

()歐盟人權(quán)委員會緩引了歐洲人權(quán)宣言的第九條條約,該條約聲明了,每個人都有權(quán)展示自己的信仰.

替換表達(dá)：display/demonstrate/show

4-moreproductive

詞典釋義：productive

[pr?'d?k.t?v]

adjective

IMPROVER

■havingpositiveresults

富有成效的

?Wehadavery

productive

meeting-Ifeltwesorted

outalotofproblems.我們開了一個極有成效的會議——我覺得我們解決了很多問題.?Theirswasavery

productive

partnership.他們之間的合作很有成效.

外刊例句：Heisnotaloneinsayingthatcompanieswouldinvestin

newequipmentandbe

moreproductive

ifonlytherewashigherdemandforBritishgoodsandservicesfromits

domesticbusinesses,consumersandtheinternationalcommunity.

()并不只有他認(rèn)為：除非英國的國內(nèi)公司和顧客及其他國家都對英國商品和服務(wù)有著更大需求,否則公司投入更多到新設(shè)備也難以更具生產(chǎn)性.

Q：willallowgraduatestomanifesttheirpotentialand

haveamoreproductiveandsatisfyingcareer.這里前面是their

potential,后面是havea...career,為什么后面用單數(shù)?A：這里acareer是泛指"職業(yè)”,含義等同于careers,haveaproductiveandsatisfyingcareer泛指"有一個高產(chǎn)出和令人滿意的職業(yè)”.

Q：老師,"促進(jìn)新知識和新技能發(fā)展”,我用了boostthedevelopmentofnew

knowledgeandskills.boost可以用在這里表促進(jìn)嗎?如果用boost是不是要把development去掉呀?我看到字典上說的boost的意思本身就是furtherthedevelopmentof

sth.謝謝老師!A：boostthedevelopment這一用法沒問題,《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》中有這樣的句子：Thegovernmenthopesthat,asinChina,SEZswill

boostthedevelopment

of

infrastructureandmanufacturing.

Jobsthatpromotethedevelopmentofnewknowledgeand

skills--whetherintheformofindustry-specifictrainingorthe

developmentofcommunication,leadershipandmanagementskills--willallow

graduatestomanifesttheirpotentialandhaveamoreproductiveand

satisfyingcareer.

[分析]本句的主干是Jobs…willallowgraduatestomanifesttheirpotentialandhaveamore

productiveandsatisfyingcareer.其中,主語部分是Jobs及修飾它的that定語從句,直到第二個破折號結(jié)束,在這個定語從句中還包含了一個由whether…or…引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句(兩個破折號之內(nèi)).謂語是willallow,賓語是graduates,其后的兩個動詞不定式共同作賓語補足語.

2.為了最大限度地提升成功的機會,求職者應(yīng)該使用他們手頭可用的所有工具,特別是互聯(lián)網(wǎng).通過上網(wǎng)尋找求職信息,求職人員可以節(jié)省時間,獲取最新信息,以及擴大他們找工作的范圍.To

maximizetheirchancesof

(1.最大限度提升他們……的機會)success,jobseekersshoulduseallthetools

attheirdisposal(2.手頭可用的,可供支配的),especiallytheInternet.Byseekingemploymentonline,job-hunterscansavetime,

stayup-to-date(3.獲取最新信息),andincreasetheirreach.

1-maximizetheirchancesof

詞典釋義：maximize

●○○○○inBRIT,alsouse英國英語亦用

maximise1.VERB

動詞

使增加至最大限度;充分利用(或重視)

Ifyou

maximize

something,youmakeitasgreatinamountorimportanceasyou

can.

【語法信息】：Vn?Inorderto

maximize

profitthefirmwouldseekto

maximize

output...為了獲得最大利潤,這家公司會把產(chǎn)量增至最大.

?Theywerelookingforsuitablewaysofmaximisingtheir

electoralsupport.他們正在尋找合適的途徑來最大限度地獲得選民的支持.

外刊例句：ItperhapsexplainsthatwhileWaleshavebeentalking

abouttheneedtobreakintothetopfouroftheworldrankingsbeforeMay’s

WorldCupdrawto

maximizetheir

chancesof

escapinganotherdifficultpool,theWallabiessaiditwasnot

somethingtheyhadthoughtabout,concernedonlyaboutendingapooryearon

ahighernote.

()這也許可以解析,為何在威爾士大談球隊需要在5月份的世界杯之前沖到世界前四,以盡可能避免分到"死亡小組”時,澳洲橄欖球國家隊會說,他們沒想過這事,只是想著以盡可能高的排名結(jié)束這糟糕的一年.

替換表達(dá)：maximizetheiropportunityfor

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

improvethe

chanceof...totheutmostextent點評：表達(dá)過于冗長,可以改為maximize

theirchancesof

2-attheirdisposal

詞典釋義：disposalUK

[d?'sp??.z?l]

US

[-'spo?-]

noun

uncountable

ADVANCED

■whenyougetridofsomething,especiallybythrowingit

away

清除;處理;拋棄?waste

disposal廢物處理?the

disposal

ofhazardoussubstances危險物質(zhì)的處理

atsb'sdisposal

formal

■availabletobeusedbysomeone

可供(某人)使用?IwouldtakeyouifIcould,butIdon'thaveacaratmy

disposal

thisweek.我會盡可能帶你去,但是這周我沒汽車可用.?Havingsoldthehouseshehadalargesumofmoneyather

disposal

(=tospendasshewanted).賣掉房子后,她手頭有一大筆錢可用.

外刊例句：ManyparentsinAmericaareeitherignorantofthetools

attheirdisposal

ortoobusyorlazy

tousethem.

()許多美國父母要么就是對手上的工具置之不理,要么就是因為太忙或者太懶了而不用.

替換表達(dá)：

at/on/inhand

3-stayup-to-date這里stay是系動詞.

詞典釋義：stay

●●●●●3.V-LINK

連系動詞

保持;維持

Ifsomeoneorsomething

stays

inaparticularstateorsituation,theycontinuetobeinit.

【語法信息】：Vadv/prep

【語法信息】：Vadj

【語法信息】：AlsoVn?TheRepublicancandidatesaidhewould'worklikecrazyto

stay

ahead'.共和黨候選人說他將"拼命保持領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢”.?...communitycarenetworksthatofferclassesonhowto

stay

healthy...開設(shè)養(yǎng)生課程的社區(qū)保健網(wǎng)絡(luò)

?Nothing

staysthesameforlong.任何事情都不會長期保持不變.

up-to-date

[??p.t?'de?t]

adjective

ADVANCED

■modern,recent,orcontainingthelatestinformation

現(xiàn)代的;最近的;包含最新資訊的?Greattroubleistakentokeepourdatabase

up-to-date.我們花了很大力氣不斷更新資料庫.

外刊例句：ThecompanyalsoworkswiththeSwedishdefenceministryon

variousdigital-imagingproductsinorderto

stayup-to-date.

()這家公司也與瑞典國防部有合作,幫助更新他們的各種數(shù)碼成像產(chǎn)品.

替換表達(dá)：keepup-to-date/getthelatestinformation

Q：查到up-to-date是做形容詞表示的.在這里

stayup-to-date是語法有錯誤嗎?這里修飾誰呢?應(yīng)該是拆開嗎?A：stay在這里是連系動詞,后面可以接形容詞,例如stay

healthy/stayawake/stayhungry,stayfoolish,stay

up-to-date也是同樣的道理.

3.那些能上網(wǎng)的求職者隨時能夠接觸到上百份甚至上千份工作信息.這些職位中很多都是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上獨家發(fā)布,或者在其他地方很難搜尋到.Job-hunterswhoareconnectedtotheInternethaveaccesstohundredsoreventhousandsofjobs

attheirfingertips(1.隨時可供使用的).Manyofthesepositionsare

postedexclusively

(2.在網(wǎng)上獨家發(fā)布)onlineorwouldbedifficultto

trackdown

(3.搜尋到)elsewhere.

1-attheirfingertips

詞典釋義：fingertipUK

['f??.g?.t?p]

US

[-g?-]

noun

countable

■theendofafinger

指尖

?Useyour

fingertips

togentlyflattenthepastry.用指尖輕輕地把油酥面團(tuán)弄平.

UK

['f??.g?.t?p]

US

[-g?-]

noun

countable

atyourfingertips

■Ifyouhavesomethingatyourfingertips,youcangetit

anduseitveryeasily

近在手邊;很容易得到;隨時可供使用

?Hehasallthelateststatisticsathis

fingertips.他手頭上有所有最新的統(tǒng)計值.

外刊例句：Inthepasttheywouldhavewrittensomethingdownona

pieceofpaperforapatientorcarer.Nowtheyhavethewholeworld

attheirfingertips.()他們在過去會用紙把病人的情況記錄下來,而現(xiàn)在他們手上擁有著全部信息.

替換表達(dá)：readilyavailable

2-arepostedexclusively

詞典釋義：post6.VERB

動詞

發(fā)布,公布(信息)

Ifyou

post

informationonthe

Internet,youmaketheinformationavailabletootherpeopleontheInternet.

【語法信息】：beV-ed

【FIELD標(biāo)簽】：COMPUTING計算機?Aconsultationpaperhasbeen

posted

ontheInternetinvitinginputfromNetusers.一份征詢意見書已貼在了因特網(wǎng)上,歡迎網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶發(fā)表意見.

exclusive3.ADJ

形容詞

(新聞報道)獨家的

Ifanewspaper,magazine,orbroadcasting

organizationdescribesoneofitsreportsas

exclusive,theymeanthat

itisaspecialreportwhichdoesnotappearinanyotherpublicationoron

anyotherchannel.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn?Hetoldthemagazineinan

exclusive

interview：'Allmyproblemsstemfromdrink'.他在接受一家雜志社的獨家采訪時說："我所有的問題都是飲酒造成的.”An

exclusive

isanexclusivearticleorreport.

獨家報道;獨家文章?Somepapersthoughttheyhadan

exclusive.一些報紙認(rèn)為自己是獨家報道.

外刊例句：Executivessaytheywillbelookingfor"enthusiastic

andenergetic"crew-memberswhowanttotakepartin"demolishing

oneofthemostcontroversialconstructionsofthe20thcentury".All

jobpositionswill

beposted

exclusively

onwww.hotrecruit.co.uk.

()該管理負(fù)責(zé)人稱,他們會一直尋求致力于"拆毀這20世紀(jì)最具爭議性建筑群”的熱心員工.而所以的工作崗位信息都將刊登于www.hotrecruit.co.uk上.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

exclusive

release／issue點評：exclusive是形容詞,這里要改為副詞才能修飾動詞,此外,issue一般指"發(fā)布(聲明、命令);正式發(fā)行(郵票、股票等)”,用在語境中不合適.這里可以改為areposted/releasedexclusively

3-trackdown

詞典釋義：trackdown

1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語動詞

追蹤到;追查到;搜尋到

Ifyou

trackdown

someoneorsomething,youfindthem,orfindinformationabout

them,afteradifficultorlongsearch.

【語法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【語法信息】：VnP?Shehadspentyearstryingto

trackdown

herparents...她已經(jīng)花了好多年時間試圖追尋父母的下落.

?Idon'tknowwherethatoldstorycamefrom,I'venever

beenabletotrackitdown.我不知道這則舊傳聞的出處,我從來沒能考證出結(jié)果.

外刊例句：InthefirstsuchstudyinBrazil,100census-takersfrom

FIPE,aresearchcentre,triedto

track

down

everyhomelesspersonwithinthecityboundary.()在巴西進(jìn)行的最早實驗里,100多名來自FIPE研究中心的調(diào)查員竭盡全力搜尋于該城市邊界游蕩的無家可歸者.

替換表達(dá)：find/digup/huntdown

Q：請問魏老師,句子什么時候用may,could,would可以像例句一樣用來調(diào)整句子的語氣,謝謝A：句子中wouldbedifficulttotrackdown,其中用would來更加客氣地表明觀點,這一點可以參考下面劍橋詞典的解釋：

[w?d]

[w?d]

[?d]

modalverb

OPINION

觀點

ESSENTIAL

(also

'd)

■usedtoexpressanopinioninapolitewaywithout

beingforceful

(用于禮貌地表明觀點)?I

would

imagineweneedtospeaktotheheadteacherabout

thisfirst.我猜想我們需要先去問問校長有關(guān)這件事的意見.?It'snotwhatwe

would

have

expectedfroma

professionalservice.這可不是我們期望從一所專業(yè)服務(wù)機構(gòu)得到的服務(wù).

關(guān)于may/could/would這幾個情態(tài)動詞更加詳細(xì)的用法,可以參考張滿勝的《英語語法新思維》的中級教程.

4.盡管看起來,擁有更加強大的財政資源的大型企業(yè)與他們的小同行相比能夠提供更好的工作穩(wěn)定性,但事實并非總是如此.如今,大公司通常在經(jīng)濟危機初期就開始裁員,甚至能一次就解雇上千名員工.Althoughitmayseemthatlargeorganisations,equippedwithstrongerfinancialresources,wouldbeabletoprovidebetterjobstabilitythantheirsmaller

counterparts(1.同行),

thisisnotalwaysthecase(2.事實并非總是如此).Nowadays,large-scalefirmsoften

downsize

(3.裁員,緊縮編制)atthefirstsignofeconomictroubleandmayeven

layoff

(4.解雇)thousandsofemployeesatonce.

1-counterparts

詞典釋義：counterpart

●●●○○1.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

職能(或地位)相當(dāng)?shù)娜?對應(yīng)的事物

Someone'sorsomething's

counterpart

isanotherperson

orthingthathasasimilarfunctionorpositioninadifferentplace.

【搭配模式】：withsupp?TheForeignSecretarytelephonedhisItalian

counterpart

toprotest.外交部長致電意大利外長表示抗議.

?TheFinnishorganizationwasverydifferentfromthatof

its

counterpartsintherestoftheNordicregion.芬蘭的這一機構(gòu)和北歐其他國家的同類機構(gòu)迥然不同.

外刊例句：Inventurecapital,thelargerfundsofthe1990stendedto

performbetterthantheirsmaller

counterparts

inthe1980s.

()在風(fēng)險投資行業(yè)里,上世紀(jì)90年代的大型基金要比那些80年代比他們小的基金做得好.

替換表達(dá)：thansmallercompaniesintheirtrade

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

peers點評：peer是指"同齡人”,而原句要求我們表達(dá)"同行業(yè)的公司”,因此不能用peers(2)

fellows點評：fellow同樣是指人,例如：Wooderson'scourageearnedhimtherespectofhisfellows.伍德森的勇氣贏得了同事的尊敬.它不能用來指公司.

2-thisisnotalwaysthecase

詞典釋義：be(not)the

case17.PHRASE

短語

是這樣;是這種情況

Ifyousaythatsomething

isthecase,youmeanthat

itistrueorcorrect.

【搭配模式】：Vinflects?You'llprobablynoticeherhavingdifficultyswallowing.

Ifthisisthe

case,giveherplentyofliquids...你可能會注意到她吞咽有困難.要是這樣的話,讓她多吃流食.?Consumershadhopedthehigherpriceswouldmeanmore

goodsinstores.Butthatwasnotthe

case.消費者本來以為,物價上漲了,店里的商品會增多;但是情況并非如此.

外刊例句：TheBritishdebateaboutEuropehaslongbeenweakenedbya

tendencyofpro-Europeanstoavoidgrandargumentsandtoconcentrateon

practicaladvantages.

Thiswasnot

alwaysthecase.

()挺歐風(fēng)氣一直削弱著英國人關(guān)于歐盟的討論,使其避免了激烈爭論,只談實際好處.然而,事實并非總是如此.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

theactualis

notalwayslikethis點評：actual是形容詞,這里應(yīng)該改為名詞actuality

3-downsize

詞典釋義：downsize['da?n.sa?z]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

■Ifyoudownsizeacompanyororganization,youmakeit

smallerbyreducingthenumberofpeopleworkingforit,andifitdownsizes,

itbecomessmallerinthisway

(使)減員,(使)(公司或組織)瘦身

?to

downsize

yourworkforce/company減少你的勞動力人數(shù)／實行公司減員?TheplightoftheAsianeconomyisforcingbusinessesto

downsize.亞洲經(jīng)濟所處的困境正迫使企業(yè)進(jìn)行裁員.

外刊例句：Thisdramatic

downsizing

isjustthelatestchapterinKodak'stransitionfromitstraditional

businessoffilm-and-paperphotographytothatofthefilm-lessdigitalsort.

()柯達(dá)意圖從傳統(tǒng)的影像及圖像拍攝公司轉(zhuǎn)型為數(shù)碼攝影公司,而這次大規(guī)模裁員便是這次轉(zhuǎn)型的最新階段.

替換表達(dá)：cutbackonstaff/prunebacktheirworkforce/scaledowntheir

workforce/slimdown

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

cutoverheads

點評：overheads是指企業(yè)的運營費用,例如：Wearehavingtocutourcoststoreduceoverheadsandremain

competitive.我們現(xiàn)在必須減少開支以降低營運費用,保持競爭力.Cutoverheads是指減少企業(yè)的運營費用,不是指裁員.

4-layoff

詞典釋義：layoff1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語動詞

Se