（高考英語(yǔ)作文煉句）第14篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.對(duì)大多數(shù)人而言,壓力是生活的現(xiàn)實(shí).大學(xué)生要同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)、戀愛(ài)關(guān)系和繁忙的社交日程表,尤其容易受到壓力的影響.Formostpeople,stressisa

factoflife(1.生活的現(xiàn)實(shí)).Collegestudents,whohaveto

juggle(2.同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì))academicwork,romanticrelationships,abusy

socialcalendar(3.社交日程表),areparticularly

susceptibleto

(4.易受……的影響)pressure.

1-afactoflife

詞典釋義：afactoflife

■somethingunpleasantwhichcannotbeavoided

無(wú)法逃避的現(xiàn)實(shí)

?Goingbaldisjusta

fact

oflife.禿頭是無(wú)法逃避的現(xiàn)實(shí).

外刊例句：Tycoonsareparticularlykeenonschemestocheatthegrim

reaper.PeterThiel,aco-founderofPayPal,proclaimsthat"Thegreat

unfinishedtaskofthemodernworldistoturndeathfrom

afactoflife

toaproblemtobe

solved.”LarryEllison,thechairmanofOracle,hassaid："Deathnevermade

anysensetome.()大亨對(duì)那些志在"蒙騙”死神的計(jì)劃方案尤其感興趣.貝寶(PayPal)的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人皮得·蒂爾聲稱"現(xiàn)代社會(huì)尚未完成的偉大任務(wù)就得讓死亡從無(wú)法逃避的現(xiàn)實(shí)變成可以解決的問(wèn)題.”甲骨文公司總裁拉里·埃利森曾說(shuō)道"死亡于我宛如笑話.”

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

thereal

world/life點(diǎn)評(píng)：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確,thereal

world/life是指"現(xiàn)實(shí)世界”,不能指"無(wú)法逃避的現(xiàn)實(shí)”.(2)

actualityof

life點(diǎn)評(píng)：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確,actuality

oflife是指"生活的現(xiàn)狀”,比如：He'soutoftouchwiththe

actualitiesoflifeinAfrica.他已經(jīng)不了解非洲的現(xiàn)狀了.而afactof

life是指"無(wú)法逃避的現(xiàn)實(shí)”,兩者有所區(qū)別.

2-jugglejuggle在此句中的含義,是通過(guò)"v-雜耍(同時(shí)拋接多個(gè)物品)”延伸而來(lái).

詞典釋義：juggle['d??g.l]

verb

MANAGE

應(yīng)付

transitive

informal

■tosucceedin

arrangingyourlifesothatyouhavetimetoinvolveyourselfintwoormore

differentactivitiesorgroupsofpeople

盡力同時(shí)應(yīng)付(兩種或兩種以上不同的活動(dòng)或人)

?Manyparentsfindithardto

juggle

children

andacareer.許多父母發(fā)現(xiàn)一邊照顧孩子一邊忙事業(yè)很難應(yīng)付.

外刊例句：Youmaybethinkingofstartingafamily,orwanttoreturntowork,butdon’tknowwheretostart.So,whattipscanhelpyouto

juggle

both?Oneoptionistorequest

flexibleworkingtofitinaroundchildcare.()你可能思考著建立家庭或是回去工作,但又對(duì)此毫無(wú)頭緒.所以,有什么錦囊能幫你同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)這兩者呢?找份辦公時(shí)間靈活的工作來(lái)吻合孩子隨時(shí)隨地的照顧需求便是解決問(wèn)題的選項(xiàng)之一.

替換表達(dá)：beinvolvedwithA,B,andCatthesametime

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

handle點(diǎn)評(píng)：handle沒(méi)有表達(dá)出"同時(shí)做多件事情”這一層含義.

3-socialcalendar

詞典釋義：calendar3.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

(某一組織、團(tuán)體或個(gè)人的)日程表,紀(jì)事表,大事一覽表

Youcanuse

calendar

to

refertoaseriesorlistofeventsandactivitieswhichtakeplaceon

particulardates,andwhichareimportantforaparticularorganization,

community,orperson.

【搭配模式】：ususing?ItisoneoftheBritishsporting

calendar'smostprestigiousevents...這是英國(guó)體壇大事表上最負(fù)盛名的賽事之一.?Franklinjoinedherandthechildrenwheneverhiscrowded

calendar

allowed...只要能從百忙之中抽出空,富蘭克林就會(huì)陪在妻兒身邊.?Theytriedtomakea

calendar

ofSpain'sfestivals.他們打算做個(gè)西班牙節(jié)日活動(dòng)一覽表.

外刊例句：OnMarch28thsome3,000guestswereduetoattendoneof

themostglitteringeventsintheParisian

socialcalendar：the117thannualgalaballoftheEcole

Polytechnique,heldintheopulentgrandroomsofthePalaisGarnier.

()3000名客人將于3月28日參加巴黎最宏大的社交盛事：巴黎綜合理工大學(xué)的第117屆年度舞會(huì)慶典,它將在巴黎國(guó)家歌劇院容榮華貴的大廳舉行.

替換表達(dá)：socialschedule

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

social

interactionschedule點(diǎn)評(píng)：應(yīng)該改為常見(jiàn)說(shuō)法social

schedule(2)

socializing

schedules點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒(méi)有socializingschedules的說(shuō)法,應(yīng)該改為socialschedule/calendar

4-beparticularlysusceptibletosthsusceptible在表示"易受(壞事)影響”時(shí),后跟介詞to

詞典釋義：susceptible

[s?'sep.t?.bl]

adjective

INFLUENCED

受影響的

■easilyinfluencedorharmedbysomething

易受影響的,易受傷害的?Sheisn'tvery

susceptible

to

flattery.她不太聽(tīng)信別人的奉承.?Theseplantsareparticularly

susceptibletofrost.這些植物很容易受霜凍影響.?Amongparticularly

susceptible

children,thediseasecandevelopveryfast.在特別易受感染的兒童中,這種疾病會(huì)擴(kuò)展得非常迅速.■describessomeonewhoiseasilyemotionallyinfluenced

易受感動(dòng)的,感情豐富的,多情的?Theypersuade

susceptible

teenagerstopartwiththeirmoney.他們勸說(shuō)這些易被感動(dòng)的年輕人捐出他們的錢.

外刊例句："Thetimeofdayofinfectioncanhaveamajorinfluenceonhow

susceptible

weare

to

thedisease,oratleastonthe

viralreplication,meaningthatinfectionatthewrongtimeofdaycould

causeamuchmoresevereacuteinfection,”saidProfessorAkhileshReddy,the

study’sseniorauthor.()該研究的主要作者阿奇利?！だ椎辖淌谡J(rèn)為,"一天中發(fā)生感染的時(shí)間差別會(huì)極大地影響著我們受到疾病影響的程度,或者說(shuō),至少在病毒復(fù)制上是這樣的,而這意味著,在一天中最糟糕的時(shí)刻發(fā)生感染的話,會(huì)引發(fā)更加嚴(yán)重的感染.”

替換表達(dá)：bevulnerabletosomething/bepronetosomething/beliableto

something/besubjecttosomething

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

beeasily

effectedbysomething點(diǎn)評(píng)：動(dòng)詞選用錯(cuò)誤.Effect的含義是"實(shí)現(xiàn),完成”,這里應(yīng)該改為affect

Q：juggle和jugglewith有什么區(qū)別呢?A：jugglewith指"玩雜耍(連續(xù)向空中拋接多個(gè)物體)”,例如：Oneguywasjugglingwithfive

balls.有個(gè)家伙在玩雜耍拋接五個(gè)球.

Q：collegestudents后為什么要加逗號(hào)?主語(yǔ)從句直接跟上不行么?A：這里必須要用逗號(hào).collegestudent后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,表明大學(xué)生普遍容易受到壓力影響,而不是僅僅是需要兼顧多種工作的大學(xué)生才受到壓力影響.

Collegestudents,whohavetojuggleacademicwork,romanticrelationships,abusysocialcalendar,areparticularlysusceptibletopressure.

這句話可以翻譯為：大學(xué)生需要兼顧學(xué)業(yè)、戀愛(ài)以及繁忙的社交生活,很容易受到壓力影響.

如果句子寫成：

Collegestudentswhohavetojuggleacademicwork,romantic

relationshipsandabusysocialcalendarareparticularlysusceptibleto

pressure.

意思就變成了：需要兼顧學(xué)業(yè)、戀愛(ài)以及繁忙社交生活的大學(xué)生很容易受到壓力影響.

Q：這句話的最后為什么relationship是復(fù)數(shù),

busycalendar卻要在前面加a?如果主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)的時(shí)候,后面跟的名詞是要跟著主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)走還是看名詞本身在語(yǔ)境里的表達(dá)呀?A：因?yàn)閞elationship以及calendar在這里都是可數(shù)名詞,不能以單數(shù)形式單獨(dú)存在.這里用abusysocialcalendar只是個(gè)人表達(dá)習(xí)慣,如果換成busy

socialcalendars也可以.

Q：第一句的afact之所以用a,不是the是因?yàn)楸硎緣毫χ皇巧詈芏喱F(xiàn)實(shí)中的其中一個(gè)嗎?A：不是,afactoflife是一個(gè)固定表達(dá),不能寫成the

factoflife

2.學(xué)生需要注意保持工作與娛樂(lè)之間的平衡.當(dāng)學(xué)生將太多注意力放在社交和其他非學(xué)術(shù)性的活動(dòng),他們的學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)受到干擾;而休息太少也會(huì)拖垮學(xué)生的身體,最終使他們精疲力竭.Studentsmustbecarefultomaintainabalancebetween

workandplay(1.工作和娛樂(lè)).Toomuchfocusonsocialandothernon-academicactivitiescould

disrupt(2.干擾)students'studies,whileinsufficientrelaxationcould

weardown

(3.拖垮)theirhealthandevenleadtoburnout.

1-workandplay

詞典釋義：play[ple?]

noun

ENJOYMENT

玩

uncountable

■activitythatisnotseriousbutdoneforenjoyment,especiallywhenchildrenenjoythemselveswithtoysandgames

玩,玩耍?Thekidsdon'tgetmuchtimefor

play

inthe

evenings.孩子們晚上沒(méi)有多少時(shí)間玩.?Wewatchedthechildren

at

playinthepark.我們看著公園里的孩子們玩耍.

外刊例句：Butbossesareincreasinglyusingexecutivejetsforboth

workandplay.Theaveragevalueof

thisperkperexecutiveinFortune100firmshasrisenbyabout10%since

2013,saysEquilar,aresearchfirm.

()但越來(lái)越多老板把高檔飛機(jī)用于工作和娛樂(lè).調(diào)查公司Equilar稱,在財(cái)富榜前100強(qiáng)公司,每位行政人員享用的這種額外津貼的平均值自2013年以來(lái),已經(jīng)上升了大約10%.

替換表達(dá)：workandleisure

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

workand

pastime點(diǎn)評(píng)：pastime是指"消遣活動(dòng)”,用在這里不太準(zhǔn)確,可以改為workandleisure

2-disrupt

詞典釋義：disrupt[d?s'r?pt]

verb

transitive

ADVANCED

■topreventsomething,especiallyasystem,processor

event,fromcontinuingasusualorasexpected

打斷,中斷,擾亂?Aheavyfallofsnowhad

disrupted

thecity's

transportsystem.一場(chǎng)大雪擾亂了城市交通系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)作.?Themeetingwas

disrupted

byagroupofprotesters

whoshoutedandthrewfruitatthespeaker.一群抗議者一邊呼喊一邊向發(fā)言者投擲水果,讓會(huì)議無(wú)法正常進(jìn)行下去.

外刊例句：TheUniteunionsaidtheeightstrikeswouldsignificantly

disrupt

productionofMinisand

calledonBMW,theownerofMiniandRolls-Royce,toholdtalkstoresolve

thedispute.

()聯(lián)合工會(huì)稱,這八次罷工將極度擾亂Mini汽車的生產(chǎn),它呼吁Mini和勞斯萊斯品牌的擁有者寶馬(BMW)與其開(kāi)展談判,共商解決辦法.

替換表達(dá)：disturb/interrupt

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

interfere點(diǎn)評(píng)：interfere是不及物動(dòng)詞,不可以說(shuō)interferestudents’studies,要說(shuō)interfere

with

students’studies

3-weardown

詞典釋義：weardown

1.

wearsb

?

downtograduallymakesomeonephysicallyweakerorless

determined削弱某人的體力(決心)：?Itwasclearhe

wasbeingworndownbytherumoursoverhisfuture.很明顯他正被關(guān)于他前途的傳言搞得意志消沉.

外刊例句：Whenyoumovetoanothercultureit'sthiskindof

experience,againandagain,thatcancontributetoagrowingcultureshock,

andslowly

weardownyourhealth.

(TheGuardian)當(dāng)你去到其他文化環(huán)境時(shí),這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)一次又一次地引發(fā)越發(fā)嚴(yán)重的文化休克,逐漸危害你的健康.

替換表達(dá)：dragsbdown

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

breakdown點(diǎn)評(píng)：breakdown是指機(jī)器出故障或者感情破裂等,不能用于來(lái)指人的身體被拖垮.(2)

bringdown點(diǎn)評(píng)：bringdown是指政府垮臺(tái)或者擊落、射落,用在這里不恰當(dāng).

Q：workandplay是固定的表達(dá)"工作和娛樂(lè)的意思”么,還是說(shuō)像entertainment、recreation及amusement之類的詞語(yǔ)也可以用呢A：workandplay是一個(gè)固定表達(dá),它來(lái)自諺語(yǔ)All

workandnoplay(makesJackadullboy).只用功不玩耍(聰明孩子也變傻).

Q：Toomuchfocusonsocialandothernon-academicactivitiescoulddisruptstudents'studies.這里為什么不用can,而用could呢?A：could表示強(qiáng)調(diào)可能性,can強(qiáng)調(diào)能力,這里用could表示將太多精力放在社交以及非學(xué)術(shù)性活動(dòng)上可能會(huì)影響學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí),如果用can則表示將太多精力放在社交以及非學(xué)術(shù)性活動(dòng)上能夠影響學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí).

Q：while和whereas有什么區(qū)別?它們分別可以用在怎樣的情形下.前面是用,還是;隔開(kāi)?需要注意什么語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)?A：while和whereas意思相同,但whereas會(huì)更為正式.

3.盡管一個(gè)理想的工作是既有高薪又有光明前景,但我們可能需要在兩者中間取得一個(gè)平衡.在我看來(lái),剛剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生最好選擇一個(gè)職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)好的職業(yè),而不要只追求高薪.Whileanidealjobwouldbeonethatisboth

high-paying(1.高薪)andhas

brightprospects(2.光明前景),itmaybenecessaryto

makeatrade-off(3.取得平衡).Inmyview,recentgraduatesare

betteroff

(4.境況更好)choosingajobwithexcellentcareeropportunitiesratherthantheonewiththehighestsalary.

1-high-paying

外刊例句：Theauthorsofthestudywrote："Inparticular,wefound

thatmaleswereshownadsencouragingtheseekingofcoachingservicesfor

highpaying

jobsmorethanfemales.”

()該研究的作者寫道："我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的特別的一點(diǎn)是,那些鼓勵(lì)人們找培訓(xùn)服務(wù)學(xué)習(xí),從而找到好工作的廣告比起女性,更多地呈現(xiàn)給男性看.”

替換表達(dá)：well/highlypaid

2-brightprospectsprospects復(fù)數(shù)形式表示"工作、機(jī)會(huì)”的成功前景,而單數(shù)形式prospect是指對(duì)未來(lái)某個(gè)場(chǎng)景的設(shè)想、或者某事發(fā)生的可能性.

詞典釋義：prospects

[plural]

■thepossibilityof

beingsuccessful,especiallyatwork

成功的機(jī)會(huì);前景,前途

?She'shopingthecoursewillimproveher

career

prospects.她希望這門課能改善自己的事業(yè)前景.?Prospects

of/for

(=Opportunitiesfor)employmentremainbleakformost

peopleinthearea.該地區(qū)大多數(shù)人的就業(yè)前景還是很黯淡的.

外刊例句：SuShulinwasthoughttohave

brightprospects

untilhewasremovedasgovernorofcoastal

FujianprovinceafterbeingsnaredinacorruptioninvestigationinOctober.

(TheEconomist)曾經(jīng)擔(dān)任沿海省份福建省省長(zhǎng)的蘇順林本來(lái)有著大好前途,但他10月因貪污問(wèn)題遭到調(diào)查,最后被免去了公職.

替換表達(dá)：abrightfuture

3-makeatrade-off

詞典釋義：trade-offUK

['tre?d.?f]

US

[-ɑ：f]

noun

countable

■asituationinwhichyoubalancetwoopposingsituations

orqualities

平衡;協(xié)調(diào)?Thereisa

trade-off

between

doingthejob

accuratelyanddoingitquickly.工作做得準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤和迅速快捷之間有個(gè)平衡.?Shesaidthatshe'dhadtomakea

trade-off

between

herjobandherfamily.她說(shuō)她必須平衡好工作和家庭.

外刊例句：AteamofresearchersledbyBernardLietaerfoundthat

ecosystems

makeatrade-off

betweenefficiencyandresilience,sacrificingsubstantialpossiblegainsin

efficiency(intermsofvolumeofoutput)inordertomaintaintheresilience

ofthesystem.

()由伯納德·李斯特爾率領(lǐng)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn),生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能在效能和恢復(fù)力間取得平衡,即犧牲效能可能帶來(lái)的大量收益(換句話來(lái)說(shuō)就是產(chǎn)出)來(lái)維持系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)力.

替換表達(dá)：strike/achieve/findabalancebetween

4-bebetteroff

詞典釋義：betteroff

adjective

bebetteroff

■tohavemoremoneythanyouhadinthepastormoremoney

thanmostotherpeople

經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況較以前(或較大多數(shù)人)好

?Obviouslywe'rebetteroffnowwe'rebothworking.現(xiàn)在我們都工作,經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況顯然比以前好了.?Whenhisparentsdied,hefoundhimself$100000better

off(=hehad$100000morethanhehadinthepast).父母死后,他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己一下子多了十萬(wàn)美元的財(cái)產(chǎn).■tobeinabettersituation,iforaftersomething

happens

境況更好?He'dbebetteroffworkingforabiggercompany.若他在大一點(diǎn)的公司里工作,境況就會(huì)比較好.

外刊例句：JeremyCorbynwillusehisfirstspeechof2017toclaim

thatBritaincan

bebetteroff

outside

theEUandinsistthattheLabourpartyhasnoprincipledobjectiontoending

thefreemovementofEuropeanworkersintheUK.(TheGuardian)杰里米·科爾賓將在他2017年的首次演說(shuō)上表明,英國(guó)離開(kāi)了歐盟會(huì)變得更好,并將堅(jiān)稱工黨并非堅(jiān)決反對(duì)來(lái)自歐洲的工作者來(lái)英國(guó)工作.

Q：關(guān)于balance有個(gè)疑問(wèn),字典中說(shuō)它是不可數(shù)的,但是在例句中又寫道Trytokeepabalancebetweenworkandplay.想知道這是因?yàn)槭裁茨?A：balance可以當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞,也可以當(dāng)單數(shù)名詞,當(dāng)它是單數(shù)名詞的時(shí)候,可以用a修飾,可以查看柯林斯詞典或朗文詞典對(duì)它的說(shuō)明.

Q：wouldbeonethat這個(gè)部分為什么在這個(gè)翻譯中使用呢?A：這里one指代前面提到的job,相當(dāng)于Whileanidealjobwouldbeajobthatisboth…

Q：老師,Thefirstjobthatacollegestudenttakesafter

graduationiscrucialtoshapinghisorhercareeroutlookandambitions.此處為什么用動(dòng)名詞shaping?之前并沒(méi)有形式主語(yǔ)?A：這里并不是動(dòng)名詞,而是becrucialtodoingsomething的結(jié)構(gòu),例如：TheworkofmonkswascrucialtospreadingChristianity.修道士的工作對(duì)傳播基督教起了關(guān)鍵性的作用.

Q：例句中用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),但是我覺(jué)得從大學(xué)生們接受了第一份工作,到他們被這份工作所影響,是一個(gè)動(dòng)程,所以我選擇了使用過(guò)去式去表現(xiàn)這個(gè)狀態(tài).A：這里不可以用過(guò)去式,過(guò)去式一般表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,或者一種已經(jīng)結(jié)束的狀態(tài).而這個(gè)句子表達(dá)的意思具有普適性,應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)闡述.

Q：老師請(qǐng)問(wèn)要怎么對(duì)翻過(guò)的東西進(jìn)行總結(jié)能起到最大的效果,光把中英文抄下來(lái)我覺(jué)得效果好像不大A：可以認(rèn)真對(duì)比一下每天的復(fù)盤,看看自己有哪些地方寫錯(cuò)的,同時(shí)通過(guò)查詞典加深印象,另外,如果有知識(shí)點(diǎn)不明確的,一定要記得去查語(yǔ)法書.

Q：為什么要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣?A：這里并不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,would在這里是表示一種可能的情況.

MODAL

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(表示可能出現(xiàn)的情況的結(jié)果或影響)會(huì),將會(huì)Youusewouldwhenyouarereferring

totheresultoreffectofapossiblesituation.Ordinarilyitwouldbefuntobetakentofabulous

restaurants.一般來(lái)說(shuō),跟別人去豪華餐館吃飯會(huì)是件樂(lè)事.Itwouldbewrongtosuggestthatpoliceofficerswere

notannoyedbyactsofindecency.要是認(rèn)為警官對(duì)粗鄙行為不氣不惱,那可就錯(cuò)了.

Whileanidealjobwouldbeonethatisbothhigh-paying

andhasbrightprospects,itmaybenecessarytomakeatrade-off.

[分析]本句的主干為itmaybenecessary

tomakeatrade-off,這是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu),其中it為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)tomakeatrade-off.句首由while引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,其主干是anidealjobwouldbeone,其后是一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾one.在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中,that指代one,即anidealjob,其后是兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)ishigh-paying和hasbrightprospects.

4.大學(xué)生畢業(yè)后的第一份工作在塑造他們的職業(yè)觀和職業(yè)抱負(fù)上有至關(guān)重要的作用.那些接受了報(bào)酬雖高卻單調(diào)乏味職位的學(xué)生會(huì)不可避免地感到泄氣,并最終消磨掉他們?cè)?jīng)有的動(dòng)力.相反,能促進(jìn)自身發(fā)展和不斷學(xué)習(xí)的工作不僅能使人享受其中,還能逐漸培養(yǎng)出一種積極的態(tài)度,激勵(lì)學(xué)生做到最好.Thefirstjobthatacollegestudenttakesaftergraduationiscrucialto

shapinghisorhercareeroutlook(1.塑造……的觀念)andambitions.Studentswhoacceptapositionthatpayswellbutis

tedious

(2.單調(diào)乏味)willinevitablybecomediscouragedand,eventually,losethe

drive(3.動(dòng)力)thattheyoncehad.Incontrast,jobsthatfostergraduates'developmentandcontinuouslearningwillnotonlykeepthemhappy,butalso

instillin(4.逐漸灌輸)themapositiveattitudethatmotivatesthemtobetheirverybest.

1-shapeone’s(sth)outlook

詞典釋義：outlook['a?t.l?k]

noun

OPINION

觀點(diǎn)

countableusuallysingular

■aperson'swayof

understandingandthinkingaboutsomething

觀點(diǎn),看法

?Hehasafairlypositive

outlook

on

life.他的人生觀相當(dāng)積極.

外刊例句：Healsodoesn’tdeliveranythingresemblingapunchline.

Butthestorieshetells–abouttheelementsof80spopculturethat

shapehisoutlook,theweirdwaysmen

feelforcedtobehave,andtheattritionalstruggleforsurvivalthatpasses

fordailylifeinhisnativeChippenham–aresomeofthefunniestyou’ll

everhear.()他并非想說(shuō)什么俏皮話.但他所述的故事肯定是你聽(tīng)過(guò)最搞笑的故事之一——這故事關(guān)于那些塑造了他人生觀的80年代流行文化元素、那些大家都會(huì)覺(jué)得很奇怪的行為規(guī)矩,以及他在切爾哈姆的為生計(jì)操勞的日常生活.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

fostering

theirProfessionalideology點(diǎn)評(píng)：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確.Ideology是指政治或經(jīng)濟(jì)上的思想體系、意識(shí)形態(tài).(2)

havean

importanteffectinoccupationalphilosophyandvocationalambitions點(diǎn)評(píng)：表達(dá)過(guò)于冗長(zhǎng)且不準(zhǔn)確,effect后面的介詞應(yīng)該是on,philosophy是指"人生哲學(xué)或工作準(zhǔn)則”,用在這里不恰當(dāng).

2-tedious

詞典釋義：tedious['ti：.di.?s]

adjective

■boring

單調(diào)乏味的,無(wú)趣的?a

tedious

job單調(diào)乏味的工作?ThetroubleisIfindmostformsofexerciseso

tedious.問(wèn)題是我覺(jué)得大多數(shù)形式的鍛煉都很乏味.

外刊例句：Theprice—apriorityvisainBritaincosts￡100($154)—can

beenoughtoputpeopleoff.Butthereisalsothe

tedious

formfilling—evenphotosforIndianvisasareadifferent

sizethanforothercountries.

()該國(guó)在英國(guó)辦理優(yōu)先簽證的話需要100英鎊(154美元),這個(gè)價(jià)格就把許多人拒之門外了.然而,辦理該簽證還有那極其無(wú)聊的表格填寫——印度的簽證填寫表要求的相片大小甚至和其他國(guó)家的不一樣.

替換表達(dá)：boring/dull/humdrum/monotonous

3-drive

詞典釋義：dirve[dra?v]

noun

POWER

力量

uncountable

■energyanddeterminationtoachievethings

干勁;魄力;決心;欲望

?Wearelookingforsomeonewith

drive

andambition.我們?cè)趯ふ矣懈蓜?、有抱?fù)的人.?[+

to

infinitive]Hehasthedrive

tosucceed.他有取得成功的決心.

外刊例句：SubsidisingMozart,Shakespeare,orRubenswon'tgetyou

farifyou've

lostthedrive

to

competeglobally—theiroperas,playsandartneedpublicfunding,even

intheirhomecountries.()你如果無(wú)意與其他國(guó)家的人競(jìng)爭(zhēng),就算你贊助莫扎特、莎士比亞或魯本斯也不會(huì)讓你有多大優(yōu)勢(shì),因?yàn)樗麄兊母鑴　騽『兔佬g(shù)作品即使在本土國(guó)家都需要公眾贊助.

替換表達(dá)：somebodyrunsoutofsteam/losetheirmotivation

4-instillinsomebodysomething/instilinsomebody

something

(其中instil是英式拼法,instill是美式拼法)

詞典釋義：

instil

ve