商務(wù)英語(yǔ)閱讀（第3冊(cè)）（第二版） 課件Unit 3 Product Quality；Unit 4 Business Leardership

商務(wù)英語(yǔ)閱讀3UNIT3ProductQualityLearningObjectivesUnderstandthefunctionsofonlineuserratingsandreviews.Pondercriticallytherolethatonlineuserratingsandreviewsplayinconsumers’purchasedecision-making.Learnaboutthechangingconsumersentimentfor“MadeinChina”.Reviewhow“MadeinChina”and“craftsmanshipspirit”havecounteredtheimageofbeingcheap,inferior,andunfashionable.CONTENTS01.TextA02.

TextB03.ChineseValuesHighOnlineUserRatingsDon’tActuallyMeanYou’reGettingaQualityProductTextAWarmingupCanonlineuserratingstrulyreflectproductorservicequality?Whatiscraftsmanship?Whatisyourimpressionon“MadeinChina”?WordsandExpressionsostensiblyadv.Ifsomethingisdoneostensiblyforaparticularreason,itisnotreallydoneforthisreasonbutpeoplepretendthatitis.表面上，假裝地(GRE;GMAT;IELTS)ThebigbosseswenttoHawaii,ostensiblytolaunchthenewproject.WordsandExpressionsadventn.(theadventof)thetimewhensomethingfirstbeginstobewidely

used……的出現(xiàn)（來(lái)臨）(GRE;GMAT;TEM-8)WiththeadventoftheInternetandsocialmedia,theymustnowmonitorpublicsourcesandintegratethatinformationwiththeirclinicaldata.WordsandExpressionstacticn.amethodyouusetoachievesomething手法；策略(CET-6;TEM-4)Salesmenemployallsortsofclevertacticstotryandpersuadeyou.WordsandExpressionswanevi.Ifsomethingsuchaspower,influence,orafeelingwanes,itbecomesgraduallylessstrongorimportant.（權(quán)利、影響、感覺(jué)等）逐漸減弱(TEM-8)Myenthusiasmfortheprojectwaswaning.WordsandExpressionspunchlinen.thelastfewwordsofajokeorstory,thatmakeitfunnyorsurprising（笑話、故事中最后幾句點(diǎn)題或拋出笑料的）妙語(yǔ)，畫龍點(diǎn)睛的結(jié)尾語(yǔ)(CET-6)Ifyouseethosesortsofcasualreferences,bearinmindtheymightjustbetheretomakeapunchline.WordsandExpressionsillusionn.somethingthatseemstobedifferentfromthewayitreallyis假象，錯(cuò)覺(jué)

(CET-4;TEM-4)Themirrorsintheroomgaveanillusionofgreaterspace.WordsandExpressionscoincidevi.tohappenatthesametimeassomethingelse,especiallybychance同時(shí)發(fā)生，（尤指）巧合(CET-4;TEM-4)Suspectsareinterviewedinseparateroomstoseeiftheirstoriescoincide.WordsandExpressionssophisticatedadj.asophisticatedmachine,system,methodetc.isverycleverlydesignedandveryadvancedandoftenworksinacomplicatedway（機(jī)器、系統(tǒng)、方法等）精密的；高級(jí)的，尖端的；復(fù)雜的(CET-4;TEM-4)Itincludesasophisticatedplug-insolutionthatturnsitintoatruedevelopmentplatform.WordsandExpressionsvariablen.avariableisafactorthatcanchangeinquality,quantity,orsize,thatyouhavetotakeintoaccountinasituation可變因素(CET-4;TEM-4)Therearetoomanyvariablesintheexperimenttopredicttheresultprecisely.WordsandExpressionsundertakevt.toacceptthatyouareresponsibleforapieceofwork,andstarttodoit著手做；承擔(dān)，接受(CET-4;TEM-4)Ifyouundertaketheproject,youareboundtoencounterdifficulties.WordsandExpressionspremiumadj.premiumproductsareofahigherthanusualqualityandareoftenexpensive高端的(CET-6;TEM-8)Atthepremiumendofthemarket,businessisbooming.WordsandExpressionspenalizevt.totreatsomeoneunfairlyormakethemhaveadisadvantage不公平地對(duì)待……；使……處于不利位置(CET-6;TEM-8)Salestaxespenalizetheconsumers.WordsandExpressionsunderlying

adj.theunderlyingfeaturesofanobject,event,orsituationarenotobvious,anditmaybedifficulttodiscoverorrevealthem根本的；潛在的(CET-6)HetheorizedthattheunderlyingcauseofthewarwasslaveryStructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-3Theintroductiontotheresearchofonlinereviews.Para.4Ahostofissueswith

userratings:statisticalissues,samplingissuesandevaluationissues.Para.5-6Tworesearchquestions.Para.7-11Majorfindings.Para.12-13Commentsonthefindings.NotesonTextA1.Thepunchlineisthatthetrustweplaceinstarratingsreflectsanillusionofvalidity;...關(guān)鍵在于，我們對(duì)星級(jí)評(píng)級(jí)的信任反映了一種有效性幻覺(jué)。illusionofvalidity表示“有效性幻覺(jué)”，是一種認(rèn)知偏差，即在預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果與輸入信息之間形成沒(méi)有根據(jù)的自信。NotesonTextA2.Consumerswithextremeopinionsaremorelikelytopostreviews,whichisreferredtoasa“brag-and-moan”bias.持極端觀點(diǎn)的消費(fèi)者更有可能發(fā)表評(píng)論，不過(guò)是“非吹噓即抱怨”的偏見(jiàn)。Discussion1.Whatistheeffectofonlinereviewsonconsumers’purchasedecisionmaking?2.Whatistheimpactofnegativereviewsononlinebusinesses?3.Howshouldonlinebusinessesbuildtrustwithconsumers?ExercisesI.ReadingComprehension1-5DADACII.VocabularyA.1-5CAADD6-10BADCCB.1.Inlightof2.gowith3.associatedwith4.ahostof5.correspondwith6.intermsof7.stemfrom8.whenitcomesto9.rangefrom...to10.relatedtoIII.Cloze(1)emerging(2)perceptions(3)negative(4)readily(5)transition(6)shedding(7)capabilities(8)compete(9)copy(10)adaptionExercisesIV.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.如果所有產(chǎn)品使用者都對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行打分，得出的平均評(píng)級(jí)和一部分產(chǎn)品使用者的平均評(píng)級(jí)是不完全統(tǒng)一的。2.此外，眾所周知消費(fèi)者對(duì)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量評(píng)定不僅基于客觀的產(chǎn)品性能，還深受其他因素影響，例如品牌形象、產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和包裝設(shè)計(jì)。3.兩者的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系非常小——事實(shí)上，亞馬遜網(wǎng)站上星級(jí)較高的產(chǎn)品在《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》上得到更高分?jǐn)?shù)的概率為57%，這只比拋硬幣的概率略高。4.實(shí)際上，多數(shù)研究參與者都有這種錯(cuò)覺(jué)，至少在價(jià)格方面是這樣的：他們認(rèn)為評(píng)論者們是因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品價(jià)格過(guò)高才給的差評(píng)，但事實(shí)恰恰相反。5.當(dāng)一個(gè)銷售人員給我們推薦比較貴的安全座椅時(shí)，很多人都會(huì)認(rèn)為這位銷售人員可能是為了拿提成才這么做的。ExercisesV.Discussion1.Onlinereviewscanimproveconsumerperceptionofshoppingsitesandproducts,attractconsumerscaringpotentially,andincreaseconsumerloyaltyandsenseofcommunitytothesite,whichallowsconsumerstomakebettershoppingdecisions.Asconsumers’guideinformation,anonymoustransmissionofonlinereviewsmakemoreconsumersarewillingtoprovidetheirownreal-lifeexperience,evenifitisanegativeone.ExercisesV.Discussion2.Negativereviewscanhaveadetrimentaleffectonyouronlinebusinessinseveralways.Firstly,negativereviewsmaydamagethebrandreputation:Anegativereviewcanquicklytarnishthebrand’simage,makingitchallengingtorecover.Researchhasshownthatevenaone-stardecreaseinratingcanresultina5-9%declineinrevenue.Secondly,negativereviewswilldeterpotentialcustomers,inthatonlineshoppersoftenreadreviewsbeforemakingapurchase,andanegativereviewcandirectlyinfluencetheirdecision.Thirdly,negativereviewsaffectsearchenginerankingsofacertainproduct:Searchenginesconsiderreviewswhendeterminingwebsiteranking.Ahighnumberofnegativereviewscanleadtolowersearchenginerankingsandreducedvisibility.ExercisesV.Discussion3.Inordertobuildtrustwithconsumers,onlinebusinessesshouldmakesucheffortsasfollows.Firstly,onlineshoppersareoftenconcernedaboutthesecurityoftheirpersonalinformation.Offeringidentitytheftprotectionenablesbusinessestoreassurecustomersandreducethelikelihoodofnegativereviewsstemmingfromsecurityconcerns.Secondly,Ensuringcustomersthattheirpurchasesareprotectedcangoalongwayinbuildingtrust.Ifaproblemariseswithapurchase,aguaranteecanhelpresolvetheissuewithminimaltimeandeffortonyourpart,preventingnegativereviewsfromfrustratedcustomers.Thirdly,pricingisacriticalfactorinthedecision-makingprocessformanycustomers.Byofferingalowestpriceguarantee,businessescanpreventnegativereviewsrelatedtopricingdiscrepanciesanddemonstratetheircommitmenttoprovidingvalue.TheReturnofCraftsmanshipinChinaTextBWordsandExpressionsbenchmarkn.alevelofqualitythatcanbeusedasastandardwhencomparingotherthings衡量基準(zhǔn)(CET-6;TEM-8)Heroutstandingperformancessetanewbenchmarkforsingersthroughouttheworld.WordsandExpressionsmantran.aword,phraseorsoundthatisrepeatedagainandagain,especiallyduringprayerormeditation咒語(yǔ)；頌歌“Thinkglobal,actlocal”isapowerfulmantraforthe21stcentury.WordsandExpressionscustom-tailoredadj.madeorchangedaccordingtothebuyer’soruser’s

needs客戶定制的Pavlowaswearingcustom-tailoredsuits,tooling

aroundinlimosandflyingtotheCaymansregularly.WordsandExpressionsboostv.toincreaseorimprovesomething增強(qiáng)，促進(jìn)(CET-4;TEM-8)ThecompanyislookingforwaystoboostsalesinAsia,itsbiggestmarket.WordsandExpressionssovereigntyn.thepowerofacountrytocontrolitsowngovernment主權(quán)，最高統(tǒng)治權(quán)(CET-6;TEM-4)Talksarebeingheldaboutwhoshouldhavesovereigntyovertheisland.WordsandExpressionsadvocacyn.publicsupportforanidea,plan,orwayofdoingsomething倡議

(TEM-8)Wejoinedaclubthatpromotescyclingforfunandfitnessthroughadvocacyandeducation.WordsandExpressionsvigor

n.physicalormentalenergyandenthusiasm活力(TEM-4)Theywenttoworkwithyouthfulvigorandenthusiasm.WordsandExpressionsinitiativen.anewplanorprocesstoachievesomethingorsolveaproblem倡議

(CET-4;TEM-4)TheUNcalledonallpartiesintheconflicttotakeapositivestancetowardsthenewpeaceinitiative.WordsandExpressionsbolstervt.tosupportorimprovesomethingormakeitstronger增強(qiáng)，鞏固(CET-6)Moremoneyisneededtobolstertheindustry.WordsandExpressionsrenaissance

n.anewgrowthofactivityorinterestinsomething,especiallyart,literature,ormusic復(fù)興

(CET-6;TEM-4)Thestrategyactuallypreferreddependsontheparticipants’attitudestowardtheprospectsofafreshstartandthechancesoftheoldparadigm’srenaissance.WordsandExpressionscapturevt.totakesomeoneasaprisoner,ortotakesomethingintoyourpossession,especiallybyforce俘獲，捕獲；奪取，占領(lǐng)(CET-4;TEM-4)ThepopularmeaningofValentine’sDaycontinuestocaptureheartsaroundtheworld,evenifnotalwaysonFebruary14th.WordsandExpressionscarteblanchen.completefreedomtodosomething全權(quán)Alawpassedin1991gavethepresidentcarteblancheintheappointmentofthecommander-in-chiefandtheremovaloftopofficers.WordsandExpressionssavoir-fairen.theconfidenceandabilitytodotheappropriatethinginasocialsituation機(jī)敏Youneedbothcapitalandsavoir-fairetobeasuccessfulentrepreneur.WordsandExpressionsdeciphervt.todiscoverthemeaningofsomethingwrittenbadlyorinadifficultorhiddenway破譯，辨認(rèn)(TEM-8)Itisjustafactthatthingswritteninanon-standardformoflanguagearedifficulttodecipher,eveniftheyarephoneticallycorrect.WordsandExpressionselusiveadj.difficulttodescribe,find,achieve,orremember難以理解的，難以記住的；難以發(fā)現(xiàn)的(CET-6;TEM-8)Philosophicalargumentsaddressoneofthemostfundamentalyetelusivequestionsfacingbe_x0002_havioralscientists,namely,whatconstitutesadisorder?WordsandExpressionsbonafideadj.genuineorreal真正的；真誠(chéng)的(TEM-8)Theinternationalcommunityhadanobligationtoseparatethemfrombonafiderefugees.WordsandExpressionsostentatiousadj.tooobviouslyshowingyourmoney,possessions,orpower,inanattempttomakeotherpeoplenoticeandadmireyou招搖的；夸耀的(TEM-8)Theycriticizedtheostentatiouslifestyleoftheirleaders.WordsandExpressionsmillennialn.relatingtoamillenniumortotheyear2000一千年的，千禧年的Anewbatchofyoungwomenmembersoftheso-calledMillennialgenerationhasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.WordsandExpressionsplastervt.tocoverasurfaceoranobjectwithsomethingcompletelyorthickly到處張貼(CET-6;TEM-8)Shehasplasteredherbedroomwallswithpostersofpopsingers.WordsandExpressionsnuancen.asmalldifferenceinsound,feeling,appearance,ormeaning細(xì)微差別(CET-6;TEM-8)Actorshavetostudythenuancesoffacialexpressiontoshowthewholerangeofemotions.WordsandExpressionslegionn.alargegroupofsoldierswhoformonesectionofanarmy軍團(tuán)(TEM-4)Caesar’slegionsmarchedthroughFranceandcrossedintoBritain.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1Thehistoricalandeconomicreasonsforthechangingmeaningsof“MadeinChina”.Para.2-4Favorablepolicyandenvironmentforboostingthe“craftsmanshipspirit”.Para.5-6ChallengesandproblemsofChineseluxurygoodsmakers.Para.7-11ExamplesofsomesuccessfulChineseluxurybrands.Para.12-14Theadvantagesofhomegrownluxurybrands.NotesonTextB1.Meanwhile,TheHongKong-basedluxuryfashionhouseShanghaiTangisdecipheringtheelusivecodeoftheChineseculturalheritagethroughtheuseoftheir“Metiersd’Art.”與此同時(shí)，總部位于香港的奢侈時(shí)尚品牌上海灘正在通過(guò)他們的“手工藝”破譯中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)中難以捉摸的密碼。NotesonTextB2.Infact,it’seasierforhomegrownluxuryplayerstobuildintuitivelyfromtheirownlocalculturethanitisforinternationalplayerstowalkatightropeofsorts:desperatelytryingtodistinguishtheirbrandinacrowdedmarketplacewhileappealingto—andnotoffending—localconsumers.事實(shí)上，本土奢侈品公司更容易憑直覺(jué)從本土文化中打造自己的品牌，而跨國(guó)公司在擁擠的市場(chǎng)中拼命地讓自己的品牌脫穎而出，就像走鋼絲，步步驚心，還要吸引，而不是冒犯本土消費(fèi)者。DiscussionHowhasthemeaningof“MadeinChina”beenchanging?ExercisesI.Discussion

Thephrase“MadeinChina”,promulgatedthroughthesmallwhitestickersslappedonalmosteveryimaginableproduct,hasbeencontinuouslydefinedandredefined.Forpeoplelookingatconsumergoodswiththelabel“MadeinChina,”theymightassociateitwithlargefactory-plantsutilizingcheap,exploitablelabor,quicklychurningoutthousandsofmass-marketproducts.Inotherwords,theterm“MadeinChina”hassomehowbecomesynonymouswith“poorquality.”ExercisesI.DiscussionSince2015,theChinesegovernmenthasbeentryingtoreinventthistermwiththeir“MadeinChina2025”Campaign,whichisfocusedondevelopingChina’sdomestictechnologicalindustries,includingaerospaceandbiotechnology.Chinaisrapidlytakingalargermarketshareoftheworld’sbiggesttechcompanies,withHuaweileadingthepack.NewChineseproducts,whichincorporatesignificantinvestmentsofintellectualcapital,existinstarkcontrasttothephraseaswemightknowittoday.AndasChina’spositionintheadvancedindustrializedsectorsimproves,itmakessensethattheywouldwanttochangetheunpleasantimpressionsofChineseproductsandthephrase“MadeinChina.”Now,theworldmightsoonstarttorecognizeChinaand“MadeinChina”foradvancedapplicationsofartificialintelligenceandsmaller,morepowerfulsemiconductors.ExercisesII.ReadingComprehension

1-5CBAADChineseValuesChineseValues1.時(shí)代呼喚著我們，人民期待著我們，唯有矢志不渝、篤行不怠，方能不負(fù)時(shí)代、不負(fù)人民。——習(xí)近平于2022年10月16日在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第二十次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的報(bào)告Thetimesarecallingus,andthepeopleexpectustodeliver.Onlybypressingaheadwith

unwaveringcommitmentandperseverancewillwebeabletoanswerthecallofourtimesandmeettheexpectationsofourpeople.—Reporttothe20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaChineseValues2.明確中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)總體布局是“五位一體”、戰(zhàn)略布局是“四個(gè)全面”，強(qiáng)調(diào)堅(jiān)定道路自信、理論自信、制度自信、文化自信?！?xí)近平于2017年10月18日在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十九次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的報(bào)告ItmakesclearthattheoverallplanforbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsis

thefive-sphereintegratedplan,andtheoverallstrategyisthefour-prongedcomprehensive

strategy.Ithighlightstheimportanceoffosteringstrongerconfidenceinthepath,theory,system,andcultureofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.—Reporttothe19thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaTHANKYOU!商務(wù)英語(yǔ)閱讀3UNIT4BUSINESS

LEADERSHIPLearningObjectivesLearnaboutleadershiptraits.Understandexpectationeffects,placeboeffectsandself-fulfillingprophecies.UnderstandthedifficultiesfacedbyfemaleCEOsandthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemaleCEOsintheirleadershipstyle.CONTENTS01.TextA02.

TextB03.ChineseValuesWhyDeceptionisProbablytheSingleMostImportantLeadershipSkillTextAWarmingup1.Doyouknowanygreatcorporateleaders?Whatdidtheydothatmakesthemgreat?2.Whatcanleadersdotomotivatetheirfollowers?3.Ifyourmanagerliestoyou,whatwouldyouthinkofhim/her?WordsandExpressionsdeceptionn.theactofdeceivingsomeoneorthestateofbeingdeceivedbysomeone欺騙;受騙(CET4;CET6)Headmittedconspiringtoobtainpropertyby

deception.WordsandExpressionsawashadj.Ifaplaceis

awash

with

something,itcontainsalargeamountofit.被充滿的(GRE)Thisisacompanythatisawashwithcash.WordsandExpressionscandor/candourn.thequalityofspeakinghonestlyandopenlyaboutthings坦率;直言不諱(GRE;SAT)Hecoveredawiderangeoftopicswithunusualcandor.WordsandExpressionsfictitiousadj.afictitiouscharacter,thing,oreventoccursinastory,play,orfilmbutneverreallyexistedorhappened虛構(gòu)的(TOFEL;GRE;SAT)Thepersonsandeventsportrayedinthisproductionarefictitious.WordsandExpressionsspurtn.Aspurtofactivity,effort,oremotionisasudden,briefperiodofintenseactivity,effort,oremotion.迸發(fā)(GRE)Theaverageboyof14yearsoldisonlybeginninghisadolescentgrowthspurt.WordsandExpressionsbogusadj.Ifyoudescribesomethingasbogus,youmeanthatitisnotgenuine.假的，偽造的(GRE)Hesaidthesefigureswerebogusandtotallyinaccurate.WordsandExpressionsplacebon.asubstancethathasnophysicaleffects,giventopatientswhodonotneedmedicinebutthinkthattheydo,orusedwhentestingnewdrugs安慰劑，安慰藥(IELTS;GRE)Doesendowmentinsurancereallymattertoeveryone?Orisitjustaplacebo?WordsandExpressionsrunn.Ifthereisarunonsomething,alotofpeoplewanttobuyitorgetitatthesametime.搶購(gòu);爭(zhēng)先獲取(CET4;CET6)Iftherunpersisted,cashreserveswouldbeexhausted.WordsandExpressionsprevaricatevt.Ifyouprevaricate,youavoidgivingadirectanswerormakingafirmdecision.支吾搪塞;閃爍其詞；吞吞吐吐(GRE;SAT)Britishministerscontinuedtoprevaricate.WordsandExpressionsprophecyn.astatementinwhichsomeonesaystheystronglybelievethataparticularthingwillhappen預(yù)言(GRE)Hisprophecyhasnowcometrue.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-2TraditionalviewsonsomeleadershiptraitsPara.3-7ExpectationEffectsPara.8-11PlaceboEffectsPara.12-17Self-fulfillingPropheciesPara.18ConclusionNotesonTextA1.Thekumbayanatureofleadershipadviceshowsthrough.各種關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的看法都具有片面性。Kumbaya，歌名，意為“到這里來(lái)吧”，該表達(dá)源于美國(guó)南部非裔美國(guó)人民謠，這首歌最初頌揚(yáng)人類及精神的團(tuán)結(jié)，后多用來(lái)諷刺錯(cuò)誤的道德說(shuō)教和虛偽等。NotesonTextA2.About50yearsago,aHarvardsocialpsychologistandaSanFranciscoschoolprincipalstudiedPygmalioneffectsintheclassroom.約50年前，一位哈佛大學(xué)社會(huì)心理學(xué)家和一位舊金山學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)共同在校園里研究了“皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)”。Pygmalioneffects指“皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)”，又稱羅森塔爾效應(yīng)或期待效應(yīng)，指人們基于對(duì)某種情境的知覺(jué)而形成的期望或預(yù)言，進(jìn)而使該情境產(chǎn)生適應(yīng)這一期望或預(yù)言的效應(yīng)。NotesonTextA3.Orperhapsdoctorswanttoimprovetreatmentoutcomesbytappingintotheplaceboeffect.或許醫(yī)生們想要利用安慰劑效應(yīng)來(lái)提升治療效果。placeboeffect表示“安慰劑效應(yīng)”，又名假藥效應(yīng)，指病人雖然獲得無(wú)效的治療，但卻“預(yù)料”或“相信”治療有效，而讓病患癥狀得到舒緩的現(xiàn)象。NotesonTextA4.Sometimes,asIntelco-founderandformerCEOAndyGroveoncetoldaHarvardBusinessSchoolconferenceintheSanFranciscoBayArea,thisrequiresleaderstodisplayconfidencethattheymaynotfeelandtoactasiftheyknowwhattheyaredoingeveniftheydon’t.有時(shí)，就像英特爾聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人兼前首席執(zhí)行官AndyGrove在舊金山灣區(qū)召開的哈佛商學(xué)院會(huì)議上所說(shuō)的那樣，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們即便不自信，也要裝作信心十足，即便迷茫，也要裝作心中有數(shù)。Intel,英特爾公司，成立于1968年，總部位于美國(guó)加州圣克拉拉，創(chuàng)始人為羅伯特·諾伊斯、戈登·摩爾、安迪·格魯夫，是全球最大的半導(dǎo)體芯片制造商。DiscussionWhatarethequalitiesthatmakeagoodleader?1.Iamnotafraidofanarmyoflionsledbyasheep;Iamafraidofanarmyofsheepledbyalion.–AlexandertheGreat2.Agoodleaderisapersonwhotakesalittlemorethanhisshareoftheblameandalittlelessthanhisshareofthecredit.–JohnMaxwell3.Goodleadersmustfirstbecomegoodservants.–RobertGreenleaf

InInterviews,FemaleCEOsSayTheyDon’tExpectMuchSupport—atHomeoratWorkTextBWordsandExpressionsembarkon

tostarttodosomethingnewordifficult從事，開始He’sembarkingonanewcareerasawriter.WordsandExpressionsassignmentn.ataskorpieceofworkthatsomebodyisgiventodo,usuallyaspartoftheirjoborstudies工作，任務(wù)(CET4;CET6)Hehasjustcomeoffadifficultassignment.WordsandExpressionsspilloverintotostartinoneareaandthenaffectotherareas波及

Unresthasspiltoverintoareasoutsidethecity.WordsandExpressionsconfrontv.todealwithaproblemordifficultsituation處理，解決(CET4;CET6)Shewasconfrontedwithseveremoneyproblems.WordsandExpressionstrade-offn.theactofbalancingtwothingsthatyouneedorwantbutwhichareopposedtoeachother權(quán)衡，協(xié)調(diào)Thereisatrade-offbetweenthebenefitsofthedrugandtheriskofsideeffects.WordsandExpressionsmasculineadj.havingthequalitiesorappearanceconsideredtobetypicalofmen男子漢的，男人的(CET6)Hewashandsomeandstrong,andverymasculine.WordsandExpressionsinsurmountableadj.thatcannotbedealtwithsuccessfully無(wú)法克服的，難以解決的(GRE)Thecrisisdoesn’tseemlikeaninsurmountableproblem.WordsandExpressionsfretabouttobeworriedorunhappyandnotabletorelax苦惱；煩躁；焦慮不安Urbanplannersmayfretabouttrafficandpollution.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-2IntroductionofthestudyonCEOsPara.3-5OwnyourambitionPara.6-10Don’twaittobeaskedPara.11-13TakechargeofyourpersonalandprofessionallifePara.14-15Focusonthelong-termgoalPara.16-19Embraceawell-roundedleadershipstyleNotesonTextB1.

Organizationscansupportthislong-termoutlookbychangingHRpolicies,supportmechanisms,andleadershipdevelopmentpracticestoallowwomenthespaceandtimetomanageraisingafamilyandcreatingwaysforwomentoremainengagedintheprofessionalandsociallifeoftheworkplace,evenwhileformallyonareducedworkloadorleave.組織可以通過(guò)改變?nèi)肆Y源政策、支持機(jī)制和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力發(fā)展實(shí)踐來(lái)促成這一長(zhǎng)期遠(yuǎn)景，讓女性有足夠的空間和時(shí)間來(lái)照顧家庭，即便是在工作量正式減少或休假的情況下，也要想辦法讓她們?cè)诠ぷ鲌?chǎng)所繼續(xù)參與職業(yè)和社交生活。HR,全稱Human

Resources,指人力資源部，主要負(fù)責(zé)公司員工選拔、任用、培養(yǎng)、考核、獎(jiǎng)懲等工作；此外，HR也常用來(lái)指代從事人力資源相關(guān)工作的人或公司的人事招聘官。NotesonTextB2.Embraceawell-roundedleadershipstyle.采用多樣化的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格。leadershipstyle即領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格，指組織中上級(jí)管理、引導(dǎo)和激勵(lì)下級(jí)的方式和風(fēng)格。常見(jiàn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格有獨(dú)裁式、權(quán)威式、設(shè)節(jié)奏式、民主式、教練式、附屬式和放任式等。DiscussionInLeadership:TheoryandPractice,theauthorNorthousenotesthatwomenonlymakeup8.1%ofFortune500CEOandattributedthistoglassceiling,theinvisiblebarrierpreventingwomenfromascendingintoeliteleadershippositions.1.

Whydoglassceilingsexistforwomen?2.

Howcanwomenbreakthroughtheglassceilings?Key

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ExercisesKey

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ExercisesTEXT

A

I.

ReadingComprehension:

1-5BDCCAII.

VocabularyA.Readthefollowingsentencesanddecidewhichofthefourmeaningsbeloweachsentenceisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword.1-5DCBDB6-10DCAADB.Choosethebestexpressionfromthelistgivenforeachblank.Useeachexpressiononlyonceandmakeproperchangeswherenecessary.1.ThedirectorwantsthesongsintheBroadwayversiontobeidenticaltothesongsinthefilm.2.Heattemptedtosavetheenterprisewhichwasonthevergeofcollapsebutfailed.3.Thecountryusesitsbudgetsurplusestopayoffgovernmentdebtandtofunditspublicpensionscheme.4.It’saself-fulfillingprophecytradersgetscaredsosharepricesfallbecauseofthem.Key

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Exercises5.Awaterylightbegantoshowthroughthebranches.6.EmployeeappointmenttotheCouncilwillbesubjecttoatermofprobationof6months.7.TheCampbellSoupCompanysaysitwilltrytotapintoJapan’sricemarket.8.Wealsowonderwhethertheplaceboeffectwasafactor;shewassoconvincedthedietwouldworkthatthepsychologicaldriveproducedphysicalresults.9.Frenchlawmakersvotedinfavorofa“YouTubetax”thatwouldapplya2%levyonallstreamingvideo.10.ThePygmalioneffectisifIbelieveyouhaveacertaincharacteristicthismightcauseyoutobehaveasifyouhavethatcharacteristic.Key

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ExercisesIII.Cloze(1)

against(2)

baffles(3)

characteristic(4)

while(5)

boardroom(6)

empowerment(7)

necessarily(8)

encouraging(9)

defeat(10)

becauseIV.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.另一方面，如果告訴一些人他們會(huì)成功，他們將投入更多的時(shí)間和精力，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為付出就有收獲。2.醫(yī)學(xué)界一個(gè)類似的現(xiàn)象是安慰劑效應(yīng)，一些認(rèn)為自己在接受藥物或其他治療的人會(huì)有較大的反應(yīng)，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為治療很有效。3.安慰劑效應(yīng)和期待效應(yīng)都是自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言的例子，自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言指起初有誤的某種觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榇俪闪巳藗兊南鄳?yīng)行為，進(jìn)而變成了正確的觀點(diǎn)。Key

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Exercises4.以另人信服的方式展現(xiàn)自信的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人能獲得更多的支持，進(jìn)而這種自信也從一種姿態(tài)變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為該公司會(huì)成功并且基于這種看法行事，該公司也就真的成功了。5.正如我和BobSutton合作編寫的一本書中所引用的話一樣，Grove認(rèn)為公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們應(yīng)巧用欺騙為成功創(chuàng)造條件?！斑@其中有自律也有欺騙。”Key

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ExercisesV.Discussion1.Thelionisthekingofthejungleandafearlessanimalatthetopofthefoodchain.Showingstrongleadership,Lionleadersareassertive,determinedandpassionate.Theyhaveamindoftheirownandarenoteasilyinfluencedbyothers.Incontrast,sheeparemeek,timidandeasilyinfluencedinbyothers(e.g.ashepherd).Soteamswithstrongleadershiparemorelikelytosucceedthanthosewithweakleadership.Thisquoteshowstheimportanceof