專項(xiàng)突破17 現(xiàn)在完成時時-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語高頻考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破【考點(diǎn)詳解+真題】（原卷版）

專項(xiàng)17現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語精選考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破常見考法：對于現(xiàn)在完成時的考查，多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用時態(tài)的能力。在考試中，會讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時，或者是考查＂瞬間動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用＂這一知識點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)在完成時基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞①肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+賓語.②否定句：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞）+賓語.③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+賓語.④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞（V-ed）+其他）過去分詞變化規(guī)則如下：1.規(guī)則動詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。變化規(guī)則有四點(diǎn)：（1）一般動詞，在詞尾直接加＂-ed＂。work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited（2）以＂e＂結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加＂-d＂。live→lived→lived（3）以＂輔音字母+y＂結(jié)尾的動詞，將＂y＂變?yōu)椋＂，再加＂-ed＂。study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried（4）重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加＂-ed＂。stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped2.不規(guī)則動詞變化需參看不規(guī)則動詞表逐一熟記。cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit現(xiàn)在完成時用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。Ihavealreadypostedthephoto.我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)post對現(xiàn)在的影響＂照片不在這里＂。2.現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作(用行為動詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動詞表示)，常與for(+時間段)，since(+時間點(diǎn)或過去時的句子)連用，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。①for+時間段譯為：……時間②since+過去一個時間點(diǎn)(譯為：自從……以來)③since+時間段+ago④since+從句(過去時)⑤Itis+時間段+since+從句(過去時)注意：瞬間動詞(buy,die,join,lose...)與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間段連用時，要改變成延續(xù)性動詞。變化如下：come/arrive/reach/getto→bein goout→beout finish→beoveropen→beopen die→bedead buy→haveFallill→beill Comeback→beback Puton→beon/wearWorry→beworried Catchacold→haveacold現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時是一個與過去和現(xiàn)在都有關(guān)系的時態(tài)，因此，具有這樣時間特點(diǎn)的狀語都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。1.與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如＂for+時間段＂，＂since+時間點(diǎn)＂。如：Wehavelivedinthiscityformorethan40years.我們在這個城市已生活了40多年。Wehavelivedinthiscitysince1958.我們從1958年起就住在這個城市里。從以上兩個例句我們可以看出，與表示一段時間的狀語連用時，謂語動詞常為stay,live,teach,learn,work,sleep,read,wait,keep等具有延續(xù)意義的動詞。2.與籠統(tǒng)地表示過去的時間狀語連用，如already,never,ever,just等。如：I’vejustfoundthislibrarybook.我剛剛找到這本圖書館的書。Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.她唱得多美啊！我還從來沒聽到過比這更優(yōu)美的嗓音。3.與表示包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時間的狀語連用，如lately,recently,inthepastfewyears,thesefewyears,thesedays,uptonow,sofar等。如：Howhaveyoubeenrecently?你近來狀況如何？Thefamouswriterhaswrittenanewbookinthepasttwoyears.那位著名的作家在過去兩年的時間里寫了一本新書。Haveyouseenherparentsthesedays?這些天你看見她的父母了嗎？TheBrownshavevisitedalotofplacesinChinasofar.迄今為止，布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國的許多地方。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時不能與單純表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastweek,in2002,threedaysago等現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時區(qū)別1.側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重于對現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過去時側(cè)重于某一動作發(fā)生在過去某個時間或某段時間，即現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，而一般過去時側(cè)重于動作發(fā)生的時間。如：Ihaveseenthefilm.我看過這部電影。（現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容）Isawthefilmthreedaysago.三天前我看了這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前，而不是別的什么時候看的電影）MrGreenhasboughtanewcomputer.格林先生買了一臺新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦）MrGreenboughtanewcomputeryesterday.格林先生昨天買了一臺新電腦。（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買新電腦的時間是昨天）2.時間狀語不同現(xiàn)在完成時常與already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副詞以及＂for+段時間＂，＂since+過去時間/從句＂等時間狀語連用；而一般過去時則常與＂時間段+ago＂，justnow，yesterday，lastweek等表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：Shehaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.她兩年前就住在這里了。Shelivedheretwoyearsago.兩年前她住在這里。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。1．（2022·廣西桂林·中考真題）TheGreens________inGuilinforsixyears.A．havelived B．lived C．live2．（2022·四川四川·中考真題）Tom,you________inthiscitysince2019.Whatdoyouthinkofit?A．havelived B．live C．lived D．willlive3．（2022·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Thenewrestaurant_______twosurveysonitsfoodandservicesinceJune.A．isdoing B．willdo C．did D．hasdone4．（2022·江蘇鹽城·中考真題）Millie________alotaboutsea-saltculturesinceshecametoYancheng.A．learns B．learned C．willlearn D．haslearned5．（2022·四川·巴中市教育科學(xué)研究所中考真題）—It’sreportedthatanewhigh-speedrailwaywillbefinishedinrecentyearsinourhometown,Bazhong.—Yes.Greatchanges________sinceIworkedhere.A．willtakeplace B．weretakenplace C．havetakenplace D．tookplace6．（2022·江蘇南通·中考真題）—Mike,whydoyoucomeheresolate?Theconcert________sincehalfanhourago.—Whatapity!Nowonderallthesingershaveleft.A．hasended B．hasbeenon C．hasstarted D．hasbeenover7．（2022·山東濱州·中考真題）—WhatistheTripCode(行程碼)usedfor？—It’susedtoshowwhereyou________inthelast14days.A．were B．willbe C．havebeen D．hadbeen8．（2022·貴州黔西·中考真題）Ourschoollife________alotsince2021.Wehavemoreactivitiesnow.A．change B．ischanging C．haschanged D．willchange9．（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）Sally________withaChinesefamilysinceshecametoDalian.A．stays B．willstay C．hasstayed D．wasstaying10．（2022·遼寧沈陽·中考真題）TheArtofWarisgreatandI________itmanytimessofar.A．read B．haveread C．a(chǎn)mreading D．willread11．（2022·黑龍江牡丹江·中考真題）—Yourwatchissocool!Whendidyougetit?—Onmy12thbirthday.I________itfor3years.A．bought B．havehad C．havebought12．（2022·廣西柳州·中考真題）—I________inLondonformanyyears.—YouhaveneverregrettedmovingbacktoChina,haveyou?A．lived B．wasliving C．havelived13．（2022·北京·中考真題）Jim_________alotaboutChineseculturesincehebegantostudyinourschool.A．learns B．learned C．willlearn D．haslearned14．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·中考真題）Christine________thefamily’sSundaylunchsinceshewas12yearsold.A．cooks B．cooked C．willcook D．hascooked15．（2022·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Mike,whyareyoustandingoutdoors?—I______mykeys.Ihavetowaithereuntilmymothercomesback.A．havelost B．willlose C．hadlost D．lose16．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真題）—WouldyouliketoseethemovieChangjinLakethisevening?—Oh,it’sagoodmovie.ButI_________italready.A．saw B．haveseen C．see D．willsee17．（2022·河北·中考真題）Sorry,I________amistake.Letmecorrectit.A．willmake B．a(chǎn)mmaking C．wasmaking D．havemade18．（2022·黑龍江黑龍江·中考真題）Thepublicplaces,suchasrestaurantsandcinemas,________sinceCOVID-19sweptthecityagainlastmonth.A．havebeenclosed B．haveclosed C．closed19．（2022·貴州黔東南·中考真題）—Where’sMr.Yang?—He________LongquanMountaininDanzhai.He________therethreetimesbecauseheenjoysthelocalscenery.A．hasgoneto;hasbeen B．hasgoneto;hasgonetoC．hasbeento;hasgone D．hasbeento;hasbeento20．（2022·福建·中考真題）Since2021,ourschool________allkindsofafter-schoolservicesforstudents.A．provides B．isproviding C．hasprovided21．（2022·山東·曹縣教學(xué)研究室二模）—Iseveryonehere,Jonathan?—No,Sir.Millieisabsent.She________fortwodays.A．hasfallenill B．hasbeenill C．wasill22．（2022·湖北孝感·模擬預(yù)測）—Thecomputerlookssoold.Whendidyoubuyit?—Myfather________itfortenyears.A．hashad B．hasbought C．havehad D．havebought23．（2022·河北·石家莊市第四十二中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）Alice________morethan300beautifulleaves.Wecan’twaittoseethem.A．collect B．collected C．willcollect D．hascollected24．（2022·福建·莆田礪青中學(xué)一模）Recently,LiuGenghong_______popularfromthefitnesswaveonDouyin.A．became B．hasbecome C．isbecoming25．（2022·甘肅·永昌縣教學(xué)研究室一模）Whenthedoctorarrived,thepatient_________forjustoneminute.A．hasdied B．haddied C．hasbeendead D．hadbeendead26．（2022·黑龍江佳木斯·三模）Thechildhas________for2hoursandwecan________.A．beenasleep,wakehimupB．fallenasleep,wakeuphimC．fallensleepy,wakehimup27．（2022·四川樂山·模擬預(yù)測）TheshopinShihaoShoppingMall_________fortwoyears,butIhaven’tbeentheresofar.A．hasopened B．hasbeenopen C．hasbeenopened28．（2022·上海金山·二模）Myelderbrother________asasystemengineerinthecompanysincefiveyearsago.A．worked B．willwork C．hasworked D．hadworked29．（2022·廣西·河池市宜州區(qū)教育局教學(xué)研究室二模）—ItwillbeTina’sturntoperformattheshowsoon,butIcan’tfindher.Doyouknow________?—Imetherinthewashroomjustnow.A．whereshewent B．wheredidshego C．whereshehasgone D．wherehasshegone30．（2022·湖北·鄂州市教學(xué)研究室一模）—Isyourauntadoctorinthishospital?—Yes,she________herefornearlytenyears.A．works B．hasworked C．isworking D．willwork31．（2022·江蘇南通·二模）—Juli,thesedaysWeiDongyifromPekingUniversity________people’sattention.—Yes.Heisfamousforhissimplelifestyleandhismathsresearch.A．catches B．caughtC．hascaught D．wascatching32．（2022·天津河北·二模）Mygrandparents________taijiquanforayearnowandtheyarebothinexcellentcondition.A．played B．willplay C．haveplayed D．wereplaying33．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·二模）We________quitealotofworkforthemorning,nowlet’stakeabreak.A．a(chǎn)redoing B．willdo C．havedone D．weredoing34．（2022·江蘇·沭陽如東實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校二模）—MayIborrowyournew-boughtbookTheDiaryofaYoungGirl?—I’mafraidnot.I_________onlyhalfofit,andI’lltrytofinishitthisweekend.A．read B．a(chǎn)mreading C．haveread D．willread35．（2022·遼寧省實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校赤山校區(qū)一模）Lucy______herefor5yearsandsheha