Unit 4 七選五專練（知識(shí)與題型大沖關(guān)）（原卷版）-人教版必修第一冊(cè)高一英語(yǔ)題型練習(xí)

Unit4七選五練習(xí)

目錄

精練篇...........................................................................1

Passage1..........................................................................................................................................1

基礎(chǔ)篇...........................................................................3

Passage1..........................................................................................................................................3

Passage2..........................................................................................................................................4

Passage3..........................................................................................................................................5

Passage4..........................................................................................................................................6

Passage5..........................................................................................................................................7

拔高篇...........................................................................8

Passage1..........................................................................................................................................8

Passage2..........................................................................................................................................9

Passage3........................................................................................................................................10

Passage4........................................................................................................................................11

Passage5........................................................................................................................................12

精練篇

Passage1

難度☆☆☆

Flashfloodscanstrikewithoutwarning.Theycanhitwhenyou'reIdkinginarivervalley,

walkingthroughacanyon,orevensimplydrivingtoaremotedestination.Youcanminimizeyour

riskbyknowinghowtopreparefortheworstandhowtoescapewhenafloodbegins.]

Beforeheadingout,checktheweatherreport,lookatanyfloodwarningsandtakethem

seriously.2DrStevenKugath,anoutdoorrecreationprofessor,notesthatwhenpeopleplan

totravelalongwayforahikeorcanyonexploration,theyoftenfeelthattheymustfollowthrough

withtheactivityeveniftheweatherisn'tpromising.Thesmartthingtodoiscanceltheactivityor

moveittoasaferlocation.

BecarefulofanyvisualsignsofdangerandyoursurroundingswhilewalkingorIdkingina

tightspace.3Besides,alwaysknowwhereyouareandwherethenearestescaperoutescan

befoundintheeventofsuddenflooding.

Whatif,despiteyourpreparations,youfindyourselfstuckinadangerousplacewhenflooding

begins?Movetohighergroundimmediately,awayfromriversandstreams.Ifthesituationisurgent,

leavebehindyourpossessions.4Ifyoufindyourselfbeingcarriedawaybypowerfulflood

waters,fightashardasyoucantogettoatalltree,astreetlightoranythingsturdy（結(jié)實(shí)）thatyou

canholdontountilhelparrives.

5Currentscanbedeceptive（誤導(dǎo)的），andshallow,festmovingwatercanknockyou

offyourfeet.Moreover,don'tswimthroughfast-flowingwater——youmaygetsweptawayor

struckbyanobjectinthewater.

A.Avoidwalkingthroughmovingwater.

B.Nobagorequipmentisworthyourlife.

C.Ittakeshoursforthefloodwaterstomoveaway.

D.Hundredsofpeopledieduetodrowninginsidetheirvehicles.

E.Becarefulnottoletyourexcitementdriveyoutotakeanychances.

F.Keepthesetipsinmindthenexttimeyouheadoutforanoutdooradventure.

G.Thesuddenarrivalofdarkcloudsduringaperfectlysunnydayisoneobvioussign.

令!詞匯積累

minimize動(dòng)詞，意思是“使減少到最低限度；最小化；降低“。例如：uWeneedtominimize

therisks."（我們需要把風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到最低。）

preparefor意思是“為做準(zhǔn)備”。比如："Youshouldpreparefortheexamwell."（你應(yīng)該

好好為考試做準(zhǔn)備。）

takesthseriously"認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事例如：“Youmusttakeyourhealthseriously.（你必須認(rèn)

真對(duì)待自己的健康。）

becarefulof表示“小心；注意；當(dāng)心"。例如："Becarefilloftheslipperyroad.”（小心路

滑。）

intheeventof“萬(wàn)一；倘若；如果..發(fā)生比如：uIntheeventofrain,thepartywillbeheld

indoors.”（如果下雨，聚會(huì)將在室內(nèi)舉行。）

bestuckin“被困在；陷入；卡住例如："Iwasstuckintrafficforanhour."（我堵車(chē)堵了

一個(gè)小時(shí)。）

leavebehind有“留下；遺留；忘帶；把..拋在后面”等意思。例如："Don'tleavebehindaiy

personalbelongings."（別落下任何個(gè)人物品。）

carryaway”使失去理智；沖走；帶走”。例如：“Thefloodcarriedawaymanyhouses.”（洪水

沖走了許多房屋。）

knocksboff“撞倒某人；打敗某人；使某人減少"。例如：^Thecyclistwasknockedoffhisbilie

byacar."（那個(gè)騎自行車(chē)的人被一輛汽車(chē)撞倒了。）

keepsthinmind“記住某事；牢記某事”。例如：“Pleasekeepthisruleinmind.”（請(qǐng)牢記這

條規(guī)則。）

[1]DrStevenKugath,anoutdoorrecreationprofessor,notesthatwhenpeopleplantotravela

longwayforahikeorcanyonexploration,theyoftenfeelthattheymustfollowthroughwiththe

activityeveniftheweatherisn'tpromising.

譯文戶外娛樂(lè)教授史蒂文?庫(kù)加斯博士指出，當(dāng)人們計(jì)劃長(zhǎng)途跋涉去遠(yuǎn)足或探索峽谷時(shí)，

即使天氣不佳，他們也常常覺(jué)得必須完成這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。

分析^anoutdoorrecreationprofessor^是同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)“DrStevenKugath”進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

“thatwhenpeopleplantotravelalongwayforahikeorcanyonexploration,theyoftenfeelthat

theymustfollowthroughwiththeactivityeveniftheweatherisn,tpromising,,是賓語(yǔ)從句。其

中，awhenpeopleplantotravelalongwayforahikeorcanyonexploration是賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)

間狀語(yǔ)從句，“theyoftenfeelthattheymustfollowthroughwiththeactivity”是賓語(yǔ)從句的主

句，"eveniftheweatherisn'tpromising是賓語(yǔ)從句中的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

[2]Ifyoufindyourselfbeingcarriedawaybypowerfulfloodwaters,fightashardasyoucanto

gettoatalltree,astreetlightoranythingsturdy（結(jié)實(shí)）thatyoucanholdontountilhelparrives.

譯文如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被洶涌的洪水沖走，要竭盡全力游向一棵高大的樹(shù)、一根路燈桿或任

何你能抓住的堅(jiān)固的東西，直到救援到來(lái)。

分析“Ifyoufindyourselfbeingcarriedawaybypowerfulfloodwaters”是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，

“beingcarriedawaybypowerfulfloodwaters”是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ);“fightashardasyoucantogetto

atalltree,astreetlightoranythingsturdy（結(jié)實(shí)）thatyoucanholdontountilhelparrives”是主句，

“ashardasyoucan”是方式狀語(yǔ)，“togettoatalltree,astreetlightoranythingsturdy（結(jié)實(shí)）

thatyoucanholdontountilhelparrives是目的狀語(yǔ)，其中“thatyoucanholdonto”是定語(yǔ)從

句，修飾先行詞"anythingsturdy”,"untilhelparrives”是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

1.為意外做好準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)樯畛３＝o我們帶來(lái)驚喜，做好準(zhǔn)備能讓我們有力量去面對(duì)。

(preparefor)

2.認(rèn)真對(duì)待你的夢(mèng)想，因?yàn)樗鼈兪且I(lǐng)你走向充實(shí)人生的指路星。(takesthseriously)

3,小心倉(cāng)促的決定；它們可能會(huì)讓你走上一條日后會(huì)后悔的道路。(becarefiilof)

4.萬(wàn)一失敗了，不要放棄，而是把它看作是通往成功的墊腳石。(intheeventof)

5.在追求成功的過(guò)程中不要丟棄你的善良，這才是讓你的旅程真正有意義的東西。(leave

behind)

基礎(chǔ)篇

Passage1

難度☆☆

Afloodcandevelopslowly,overtimeorrapidly,asinthecaseofflashfloodswhichcan

developinjustafewminutesandwithoutsignsofrain.

]Thisisthefirstthingthatapersonshoulddo.Itisunwisetojustdependonhistory

todecidewhetheryourareaisatriskofflooding.

Createanevacuationplanincaseyouhavetoevacuateyourhome.Payattentiontothesafe

areasyoucangoto.Preparefoodkitsfornaturaldisastersthatyoucaneasilytakewithyouifyou

havetoleaveyourhouse.2

Ifthereisapossibilityofaflashflood,leaveyourhomeandmovetohighergroundatonce.

Donotwaitforinstructionstomove.Evacuationmayalsocauseashortageinthefoodsupply.

3Tosurvive,onemustdependonfoodstorage.

Whileevacuating,avoidwalkingthroughmovingwater.Evensixinchesofmovingwatercan

makeyoufall.Ifyouhavetowalkinwater,walkwherethewaterisnotmoving.4

Donotdriveintofloodedareas.Iffloodwatersrisearoundyourcar,abandon（舍棄）thecar

andmovetohigherground,whenwaterisnotmovingornotmorethanafewinchesdeep.5

Ifyourcaristrappedinrapidlymovingwater,stayinthecar.Ifthewaterisrisinginsidethecar,

moveontotheroof（頂部）.

A.Theydon'tknowwheretolookfbrshelter.

B.Youandthecarcanbesweptawayquickly.

C.Useasticktocheckthegroundinfrontofyou.

D.Beawareiftheareayou'reatisatriskofaflood.

E.Thereisnotellingwhenanotherfloodmayhappen.

F.Itwouldhelptostorefoodfbremergencysituations.

G.Duringtheseconditions,hungerbecomesaveryrealproblem.

Passage2

難度☆☆

Earthquakesareonetypeofnaturaldisasteryousimplycan'tseecoming.Earthquake

preparationisthebestwaytodealwithaconfusingtime.Here'ssomethingyouneedtoknowabout

howtopreparefbranearthquake.

Examineweakpointsinyourhomeandmakeaplantostrengthenthem.Protectyourspaceor

yourhomebyfindingoutdangersandfixingmoveablethings.]Pushtop-heavypieces

suchasbookshelvesawayfrombedsorsofas,andmovetheheavierthingsontolowershelves.

Createanearthquakesafetyplanwithyourfamily.Ifskeytocreateandpracticeanemergency

planwithyourfamilysothateveryoneknowswhattododuringatimeofanearthquake.Talkabout

wayseachfamilymembercanactasateam.2

3Itmaybeunderastrongpieceoffurniturewhichcanprotectyoufromfallingobjects

oragainstanyinsidewallawayfromwindows,bookshelves,ortallfurniturethatcouldfellonyou.

Learnearthquakeemergencyplansatyourworkplace,children'sschoolordaycarecenter.

Disastercanstrikeatanymoment.4Ifsalsowisetomakeanoteofhowyouplanto

communicatewitheachotherandhowtoletlovedonesknowyou'resafe.Rememberthatcell

phonesmaybeunreliable（不可靠的）afteranearthquake.

5Earthquakesusuallylastaroundoneminutebutifthedamageisbigenough,you

couldbetrappedforamuchlongerperiodoftime.Youshouldhaveabagcontainingmedical

equipment,food,water,flashlightsandsoon.

A.Prepareanemergencybag.

B.Prepareformoredamageanddanger.

C.Picksafespacesineveryroomtotakeshelterin.

D.Theshakinggroundcouldmovealmostanything.

E.Itcanhelpreducefears,especiallyinyoungchildren.

F.Thepreparationdependsonawell-practicedplanandreadysupplies.

G.Soitisnecessarytolearnhowtoprepareforanearthquakeinanyenvironment.

Passage3HowtoPrepareforanEarthquake

難度☆☆

Anearthquakecanbeaverydestructivenaturaldisaster,particularlyinthePacificRim

region.Afteranearthquake,yourhomemaybeamessandyoumightbeleftwithoutawatersupply

orpower.]Bydoingso,youmayminimizethedamageandinjuryinandaroundyour

home.

?Createadisasterplan.

Formyourplanandknowwhattodobeforetheearthquakehappens.2Themost

importantfirststepisunderstandingwhattodowhenanearthquakehits.

3

Inarealearthquake,thisisyournumberonedefense.Droptothefloor,takecoverundera

firmdeskortableandholdonfirmly.Namely,dropandcoveryourheadfromfallingobjects.Stay

thereuntiltheshakingstops.

?Learnbasicfirstaid.

Thereareresourcesinyourcommunitytoeducatepeopleonhowtodealwithfirstaid

emergencies.4

?Writedownandshareemergencycontactlists.

Thisshouldincludeeveryoneinyourhome,office,etc.5Inadditiontonormal

contactinformation,askeachpersontoprovideanemergencycontactaswell.

A.Stayawayfromtheshakinghouse.

B.Practice"drop,coverandholdon”.

C.Thengooveryourplanonaregularbasis.

D.Therefore,youcanturntoyourfamilyforhelp.

E.Youneedtoknowhowtogetintouchwiththem.

F.Thereareseveralthingsyoucandotoprepareforanearthquake.

G.Forexample,yourlocalRedCrosshasclassesteachingyouthebasicskills.

Passage4StayingSafeinaVehicle

難度☆☆

Wildfiresarecommonindry,hotclimates,buttheycanhappenanywhere.]Ifyou

everfindyourselffacingthethreatofawildfire,ifsimportanttoknowwhattodotoensurethat

youandyourfamilyremainsafeinavehicle.

Ensurethatyoucanbreathe.Onceyou'reinacar,you'llneedtoensurethatthecarissafely

sealedfromthesmokesurroundingyou.2

Driveifyoucan.Ifthevehiclerunsandyou'recapableofdrivingit,thendoso.Butit's

importanttodriveslowlyandkeepyourheadlightson,sothatyoucanseeyoursurroundingsand

anyoneelseontheroadcanseeyou.3Ifthesmokeistoothicktosee,itmaybesaferto

parkandwaititout.

Remaininthevehicle.Ifthesmokeistoothicktoseetheroad,orifyoucannotdrivethecar

foranyreason,youshouldremaininthevehicle.4Youwillbemorelikelytobeinjured

orkilledbyleavingthevehiclethanyouwouldbeifyouremainedinside.

Knowwhattoexpect.5Justrememberthatnomatterwhathappens,ifthefire

surroundsthecaryoushouldnotleavethevehicle.Thetemperatureinsidethevehiclewillincrease

considerably.Don'tworry-it'sstillsaferinsidethevehiclethanoutside.

A.Don'tdrivethroughheavytraffic.

B.Don'tdrivethroughheavysmoke.

C.Youneedtobreakawindowtoenterthevehicle.

D.Ifsimportanttoknowwhattoexpectsothatyoudonotpanic.

E.Mostwildfiresstartsmall,oftenfromhumancauses,butspreadveryquickly.

F.Thisiscrucial,sinceyouwillotherwiseriskpassingoutfromcarbonmonoxide（一氧化物）.

G.Youcanliedownonthefloorofthevehicleandcoveryourselfwithablanketorcoat,if

possible.

Passage5

難度☆☆

LightningcanstrikeanyplaceonEarth.Infact,thereareabout6,000lightningstrikesevery

minute,whichismorethan8millionstrikeseveryday.Theriskofbeingstruckbylightningislow,

buttheconsequencesoflightningstrikeinjuriesareserious.Eventhoughyourhomeisasafeshelter

duringalightningstorm,youmightstillbeatrisk.Aboutone-thirdoflightning-strikeinjuriesoccur

indoors.]

Avoidwater.

DoNOTbathe,shower,washdishes,orhaveanyothercontactwithwaterduringa

thunderstorm.2

3

DoNOTuseanythingconnectedtoanelectricaloutlet（電源插座）,suchascomputers,game

systems,washers,orstoves.Lightningcantravelthroughelectricalsystems,radioandtelevision

receptionsystems,andanymetalwiresorbarsinconcretewallsorflooring.

Avoidwindows,doors,porches,andconcrete.

4DoNOTlieonconcretefloorsorleanonconcretewallsduringathunderstorm.

Lightningcantravelthroughanymetalwiresorbarsinconcretewallsorflooring.

Don,tusecorded（有線的）phones.

CordedphonesareNOTsafetouseduringathunderstorm.DoNOTusethem.5

Followthesafetymeasuresabovecanminimizeyourriskofbeinginjuredindoorsonlighting

days.Don'ttakeitforgrantedthatonlyoutdooractivitiescanputyouinadangerousplace.Keepit

inmindthatinappropriateindooractivitiescanalsobedisastrous.

A.Herearesometipstokeepsafeandreduceyourriskofbeingstruckwhileindoors.

B.Inaddition,followuponthelatestinformationaboutthestorm.

C.However,itissafetousecordlessormobilephonesduringastorm.

D.Stayawayfromwindowsanddoors,andstayoffporches.

E.Someoutdoorsmeasurescankeepyousafeandpreventyoufrombeingattacked.

F.Lightningcantravelthroughabuilding'swaterpipesystem.

G.Don'ttouchelectronicequipment.

拔高篇

Passage1

難度☆☆☆

Floodscancomefrommultiplesources.Itcanbeahurricane,faileddam,oroverflowing

river.Thedisasterscanmovequickly.]It'simportanttoknowhowtokeepyourfamily

andbelongingssafeduringsuchanevent.Fullpreparationcanputyouateaseforitscoming.

Afloodissimplyaneventwherewateroverflowsanaturalareaandcoversnormallydry

places.Ingeneral,therearetwotypes.2Thesoilintheseareascan,tabsorbalotof

moisture.Thewaterthenrapidlyrunsoffthesurfaceresultinginatorrent（激流）ofrapidlymoving

water.Riverfloodingiswhenariveroverflowsitsbanksduetoexcessive（過(guò)分的）waterandthe

situationcangetworseifbarrierssuchasadamorlevee（防洪堤）breakaswell.

Afloodcanbecausedbymanythings.3Livingnexttoariver,dam,onthecoast,

orinalow-lyingareaputsyouatriskfbrflooding.

Thereisnospecificfloodseason.4Anytimethereisalargeamountofrainina

shortperiod,floodingcanoccur.Man-madeandnaturaldisasterscanalsocausefloodingoutsideof

thosemonths.Forexample,thecollapseofadamcancauseaflood.Anaturaldisaster,suchasa

tsunami,canalsocausefloodingonamassivescale.

5Usingexistingmapsandexamininglow-lyingareascandeterminehighriskareas

forflooding.Moreover,floodwarningsaresentouttoareasthatcouldexperiencefloodingwhen

thereisalargeamountofrainfalloverashorttime.

A.Therisingriverthreatenspeople'slives.

B.Floodscanbepreventableandpredictable.

C.Flashfloodsaremorecommonindryareas.

D.Andsometimestheycomewithlittlewarning.

E.Theweatherforecastaccuratelypredictsalldisasters.

F.Theyincludesevereweather,geography,andotherman-madefactors.

G.Generally,theperiodfromspringtofallisconsideredaheightenedriskforfloods.

Passage2

難度☆☆☆

Floodscancausemajordamagetocityinfrastructureandevendeaths.1,tragedies

causedbyfloodscanbepreventedthroughtakingpropermeasures.Hereare5keystepstoprepare

yourselfandyourfamilyforafloodemergency.

Getinformed,stayinformed

Oneofthebestwaystoprepareyourselfandyourlovedonesforafloodistobeawareof

weatherconditions.2.Ifyourcityhashadpasthistoryofflooding,doyourbestto

investigatewheredamagewascausedtohelpyoubetterplanyourfamilysafetyplan.

Updateyouremergencykits

Besureyouremergencykitsareallup-to-date.Ensuretheyhavethepropersuppliesneeded

toprotectmultiplefamilymembers.Inyourpreparedbags,youshouldhave72hours-worthoffood

andwateralongwithotheressentialsupplies.3.

Secureyourhome

Makingsurelooseitemsaresecurecanhelptopreventbothpropertydamagetoyourhome

andbodilyinjury.Furnitureitemsaren'ttheonlythingsthatshouldbesecured.Also,takethetime

tosecureelectricalitemstopreventthemfromfallingintowater.4.Havingsandbags

immediatelyavailablecanbuyyouandyourfamilymuch-neededtimewhenpreparingtoescape

fromyourhome.

Practiceyouremergencyplan

Makesureyourfamilyhasanemergencyactionplanreadytoimplement(實(shí)施)atany

moment.Then,practiceyouremergencyactionplanwithyourentirefamily.Thiswillhelpeach

membertodirectlyunderstandtheirrolesintheplanandgiveanopportunitytoanswerany

questionsthatmayarise.

5

Ofcourse,naturaldisastersoccurinaninstant.Therefore,keepyourentirefamilyandallpet

familymemberscloseandwithinsightatalltimesduringanemergencysituation.

A.Paycloseattentiontothedevelopmentofcurrentstorms

B.Floodsaretoopowerfultobestopped

C.Keepallfamilymembers(petstoo!)insight

D.Investinsandbagsandkeeptheminsideyourhome

E.Thoughfloodsareamongthemostdangerousofnaturaldisasters

F.Neverleaveyourfamilyorpetsbehindwhenfloodsarecoming

G.Inparticular,includelifevestsalongwithotherwaterproofsurvivalitems

Passage3

難度☆☆☆

Naturaldisasterscancausepeople'sfearsatanyage.1,butyoudohavelotsof

influenceonhowyourchildrenmayfacethepossibledisasters.Lefsseehowtotalktoyourchildren

aboutnaturaldisasterscorrectly.

?Behonest

Whenthereisinformationaboutnaturaldisasters,trynottohideit.2.Theymay

wanttoknowmoreaboutwherethenaturaldisasterisandthepaththatitison.Giveproper

explanationsorevencheckbooksoutfromthelibrary.

3

Askyourchildrenwhattheyarenervousaboutsothatyoucansolvetheirconcerns.Deal

withanyoftheirfears,bigorsmall,andprovidesomekindofcomfort.Whetherthesedisastersare

happeningfarawayorclosetohome,theyneedtoknowthatyouwillkeepthemsafe.

?Makeaplanforyourfamily

ThereisnoplaceonEarththatisfreefrompossiblysufferingsometypeofnaturaldisaster.

Allfamiliesshouldhaveadisasterplanandemergencysuppliesathome.Createafamilysafety

plan,andshareitwithyourchildren.4.

?Talkaboutthehelpers

5.Theideathatfirefighters,paramedics（護(hù)理人員），andotherdisasterservice

workerswillbetheretohelpincaseofanemergencyhelpschildrentakeawaysomeoftheanxiety.

A.Answerquestions

B.Takeawayyourchildren'sfears

C.Itiscompletelynaturaltobeafraid

D.Theyjusthavetowaitwithnothingtodo

E.Itcanpreparethemfbrwhattodoifadisasterhappens

F.Instead,offeringdetailedinformationandexplanationcanhelpcalmyourchildren

G.Teachyourchildrenaboutthedifferenttypesofhelpersthatshowupinadisaster

Passage4

難度☆☆☆

Thenumberofpeopledyinginnaturaldisastersislowertodaythanitwasinthepast.1

However,ifyoucankeepyourheadandfindtherightplacetostaywhenthegroundstartsshaking,

youmightbeabletosurvive.

2Thebiggestdangerisfallingpieces.Sinceearthquakeshappensuddenlywithout

warning,youhavetothinkquicklytostaysafe.Ifyouareindoorsduringanearthquake,remember:

“drop,coverandholdon.^^

Drop:Whenyoufeelthegroundshakingorsomethingcrashing,getdownonyourhands

andknees.3Quicklycrawl（緩'慢彳亍進(jìn)）underastrongdeskortablenearby.Don'ttryto

rundownstairsorwalktoasaferplacebecauseyoumightfall.Ifyouareinbed,staythereand

coveryourheadwithapillowuntiltheshakingstops.

Cover:Useonehandtocoveryourneckandhead.4Ifnot,movetowardsawall

insidethebuilding,nottheoutsidewallswithwindows.Stayonyourhandsandknees,keepingyour

handoveryourneckforprotection.

Holdon:Holdontoyourdeskortablewithonehandwhilekeepingthe