2025版高考英語一輪總復習第一部分模塊知識復習必修第三冊Unit4SpaceExploration

Unit4SpaceExplorationⅠ.閱讀理解A(2024學年甘肅省張掖市高三年級第一次聯(lián)考)Must-readBooksfortheYearDon’tEverLookBehindDoor32ByB.C.R.FeganEnterforthechancetowinapaperbackofDon’tEverLookBehindDoor32.ThemagicalHotelofHooisamysteriousplacewithsomeveryunusualoccupants.Asourguestsexplorethestrangehotel,theyareinvitedtoexperienceeverythingithastoofferwithjustonewarning—don’teverlookbehindDoor32.OurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’sByT.J.WrayThisisatruestoryaboutgrowingupinasmalltowninOklahoma,inthe1980s.It’saboutthewildadventuresandstoriesoftwobestfriendstryingtosurvivetheirteenageyears,dealingwithparentsandsiblings(兄弟姐妹),orjusttryingtosurvivehighschool.Leadership:InTurbulentTimesByDorisKearnsGoodwinPulitzerPrize-winningauthorDorisKearnsGoodwinoffersanexplorationoftheearlydevelopment,growth,andexerciseofleadership.Areleadersbornormade?Wheredoesambitioncomefrom?Howdoesadversityaffectthegrowthofleadership?DaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytellingByPhilipPullmanOneofthemosthighlypraisedandbestsellingauthorsofourtimenowgivesusabookthatrecordsthehistoryofhisloveforstories—fromhisownbookstothoseofWilliamBlake,JohnMilton,CharlesDickensandtheBrothersGrimm,amongothers—andexplorestheroleofstoriesineducation.DaemonVoicesisbothalookatthewritingmindandmethodsofagreatcontemporarymasterandafascinatingexplorationofstorytellingitself.Formoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.1.Byviewingthewebpage,youarelikelytowinafreecopyof

A.Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32B.OurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’sC.Leadership:InTurbulentTimesD.DaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytelling2.WhatisOurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’sabout?A.Leadership. B.Growingup.C.Loveforstories. D.Amagicalhotel.3.WhatcanyoulearnfromDaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytelling?A.Survivinginthe1980s.B.Theroleofstoriesineducation.C.Siblingsadventures.D.Historyofleadershipdevelopment.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了四本年度必看的書。1.A細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32部分中的“EnterforthechancetowinapaperbackofDon’tEverLookBehindDoor32.”可知，你只需閱讀網(wǎng)頁就有機會免費獲得一本Don’tEverLookBehindDoor32。故選A項。2.B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)OurTeenageYears:GrowingupinaSmallTowninthe80’s部分中的“ThisisatruestoryaboutgrowingupinasmalltowninOklahoma,inthe1980s.”可知，這本書主要講解并描述的是關于成長的內(nèi)容。故選B項。3.B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)DaemonVoices:OnStoriesandStorytelling部分中的“…recordsthehistoryofhisloveforstories…andexplorestheroleofstoriesineducation.”可知，這本書講到了故事在教化中的作用。故選B項。B(2024屆安徽省高三上學期10月聯(lián)考)Themoon,whichhasexperiencedadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.Themoonmaybedividedintotwomajorterrains:theMaria(darklowlands)andtheTerrace(brighthighlands).Thecontrastinthereflectivity(thecapabilityofreflectinglight)ofthesetwoterrainssuggestedtomanyearlyobserversthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions,andthisassumptionwasconfirmedbymissionstothemoonsuchasSurveyorandApollo.OneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessoftheMariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters:thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters,whilethecratersoftheMariatendtobemuchsmaller.Itisnowknownthatthevastmajorityofthemoon’scraterswereformedbytheimpactofsolidbodieswiththelunarsurface.Mostofthenearsideofthemoonwasthoroughlymappedandstudiedfromtelescopicpicturesyearsbeforetheageofspaceexploration.Earth-basedtelescopescanrecognizeobjectsassmallasafewhundredmetersonthelunarsurface.Closeobservationofcraters,combinedwiththewaythemoondiffusely(擴散地)reflectssunlight,ledtotheunderstandingthatthemooniscoveredbyasurfacelayerwithstrange,windingmarks.Althoughvariouslandformswerediscovered,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcratershaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaveround-edgedtopsthatareraisedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl-shapedinsides,anddepthsthatareaboutone-sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?A.TheaimoftheSurveyorandApollospacemissions.B.Characteristicsofthemajorterrainsofthemoon.C.Theoriginofthemoon’scraters.D.Techniquesusedtodiscoverthemoon’slandforms.5.WhyaretheSurveyorandApollomissionsmentioned?A.Toconfirmearliertheoriesaboutthemoon’ssurface.B.Torevealthatpreviousideasaboutthemoon’scraterswereunreasonable.C.Toprovidedetailedinformationaboutthemoon’ssurface.D.Toidentifyhowthemoon’scratersweremade.6.Theauthormentions“strange,windingmarks”inParagraph3asanexampleof.

A.anaspectofthelunarsurfacediscoveredthroughlunarmissionsB.acharacteristicoflargecratersC.adiscoverymadethroughtheuseofearth-basedtelescopesD.featuresthatastronomersobservedtobecommontotheearthandthemoon7.Thelastparagraphprobablycontinueswith.

A.somedifferenceinthewayssmallandlargecraterswereformedB.thedifferentshapessmallcraterscanhaveC.thereasonswhycratersaredifficulttostudyD.thedescriptionofsomefeaturesoflargecraters【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章指出月球經(jīng)驗了獨特而困難的地質(zhì)歷史，呈現(xiàn)出驚人的外觀，并具體介紹了月球地表特征以及區(qū)分。4.B主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Themoon,whichhasexperiencedadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文具體介紹了月球地表特征及區(qū)分。故選B項。5.A推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段可推知，作者提到“勘測者”和“阿波羅”是為了證明從前關于月球表面的理論。故選A項。6.C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段可推知，作者在第三段中提到“驚奇的、曲折的標記”是作為一個運用地面望遠鏡發(fā)覺的例子。故選C項。7.D推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段可知，最終可能會接著描述一些大型隕石坑的特征。故選D項。C(甘肅省張掖市2024學年高三年級第一次全市聯(lián)考)Ifallgoeswell,aballoonwillsoonrisefromSpaceCenterinSweden.Itwillfloathighintotheupperatmosphere,wherenothingwillhappen,andthenreturntoEarth.Nevertheless,acollectionofenvironmentalgroupsaretryingtostopit.Thecampaignersareagainsttheflightbecauseofwhatcomesnext.TheballoonisatestflightforaresearchbeingrunbytheUniversityofHarvard.TheresearchaimstotestanideacalledSAI,inwhichfinedustisaddedintotheupperatmospheretoboosttheamountofsunlightreflectedbackintospace.Afutureflightwillreleaseasmallamountofcalciumcarbonatedustintotheupperatmosphere,inordertohelpresearcherslearnmoreaboutsolargeoengineering—anexcellentbuttheoreticalideaofdeliberatelyadjustingtheearth’ssystemstopreventthebadeffectsofclimatechange.Opponentsworryabouttwothings.Thefirstisthemoralissue.Ifsolargeoengineeringworks,itcouldreducepressuretodealwithclimatechangeatitssourcebycuttinggreenhousegasemissions.Furthermore,inordertokeeptemperatureslow,thereflectiveparticles(顆粒)wouldhavetobetoppedupcontinuously.Asuddenstopcouldresultinveryrapidwarming.RaymondPierrehumbert,aphysicistattheUniversityofOxford,sayssolargeoengineeringistooriskyeventoresearchoutsideofcomputersimulations(模擬).Notallenvironmentalistsareopposed.Theworldislikelytomissthetarget,setintheParisAgreement,ofkeepingwarmingto1.5℃.“We’renotwell-servedbynotunderstandingwhatthesetechnologiesrepresent,”saysStevenHamburg.Mr.Hamburgfavourssmall-scalegeoengineeringresearch.Othergreenorganizationshavealsohesitantlyapprovedofexploringtheidea.Explorationislikelytocarryoninanycase.Onceataboo,geoengineeringisbeingtakenincreasinglyseriously.ArecentreportonclimatechangesuggestedthatSAIcouldhelpkeepwarmingbelow1.5℃.Americahasdevelopedaresearchplanforsolargeoengineering.BothChinaandIndiahavelaunchedresearchprogrammesoftheirown.Activistswillcontinuetoopposeexperiments.Butballoonswilllikelyflyanyway.8.Howdoessolargeoengineeringwork?A.Dustisputintotheupperatmospheretotrapmoreheat.B.Measuresaretakenintentionallytotackletheclimatechange.C.Stepsaretakendeliberatelytoreducegreenhousegasemissions.D.DustisemptiedintotheatmospheretoreflectsunlightintoEarth.9.WhydoenvironmentalistsargueagainstSAI?A.Itistobeimplementedonalargescale.B.Ithasledtoglobalwarmingagainsttheoriginalintention.C.Itisprobablytomissthetargetofkeepingwarmingto1.5℃.D.Itmaycausepeopletocarelittleaboutgreenhousegasemissions.10.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.ShouldBalloons’FlightBeBanned?B.ShouldSolarGeoengineeringExplorationGoAhead?C.HowDoBalloonsThreatentheEarth’sClimate?D.HowHasSolarGeoengineeringChangedEarth?11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetosolargeoengineering?A.Critical. B.Doubtful.C.Positive. D.Frightened.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了可以幫助緩解全球變暖的一項工程solargeoengineering(太陽地球工程),并具體介紹了該工程的原理、初衷、實施的隱患、優(yōu)勢以及將來的發(fā)展。8.B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段可知，這個太陽地球工程是來實行措施應對氣候改變。故選B項。9.D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Ifsolargeoengineeringworks,itcouldreducepressuretodealwithclimatechangeatitssourcebycuttinggreenhousegasemissions.”可知，太陽地球工程可能會導致人們對溫室氣體排放的不再關切。依據(jù)上文可知，環(huán)保人士真正擔憂的是全球氣候變暖根本緣由是因為溫室氣體的排放，假如太陽地球工程通過向大氣層釋放細塵，削減太陽光線向地球的反射，緩解了全球變暖，那么溫室氣體排放這一根本緣由就會被忽視。故選D項。10.B標題推想題。通覽全文內(nèi)容可知，本文從人們對太陽地球工程面臨的爭議、各方的看法，推想這一工程是否應當接著。故B項“太陽地球工程勘探應當接著進行嗎?”適合作本文最佳標題。11.C觀點看法題。依據(jù)第五段中的“Explorationislikelytocarryoninanycase(無論如何，探究可能會接著).”和“ArecentreportonclimatechangesuggestedthatSAIcouldhelpkeepwarmingbelow1.5℃(最近一份關于氣候改變的報告指出SAI有助于將氣候變暖限制在1.5℃以下).”可知，作者對這一工程的看法是樂觀主動的。故選C項。Ⅱ.七選五閱讀(福建省泉州市2024屆中學畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)ThemostpopularcourseatYaleisPsych157:PsychologyandtheGoodLife,coveringthescienceofhappinessandhowtoapplyit.Sinceitslaunchin2024byProfessorLaurieSantos,thecoursehasbeentakenbyaquarterofYalestudentsandmorethan200,000othersinitsonlineversion.1

Whenchasinghappiness,manyofusaretryingtobealittlegentlerwithourselvesandassigningaprioritytoself-care.That’sasensiblestrategy,Santosagrees.Thetroubleishowpeopleunderstandself-care.Weassumethatself-carelookslikeanicebubblebath—orevenselfishpursuits.2Weactuallygetmoreoutofbeingmoreopen,moresocialandmoreother-oriented(以他人為中心的)thanspendingmoneyonourselves.

Santosisn’ttheonlyscientistinsistingthatyoufocusmoreonkindnesstoothersthankindnesstoyourself.ResearchoutofOxfordUniversityconfirmsthateventinyactsofkindnesscanhavesignificanteffectsonourhappiness.3Theyboostmentalwell-beinginthewidercommunity.Ifyouwanttostayhappy,focuslessonself-indulgence(自我放縱)andmoreonkindness.

4Everyonehasmadeasillydecisionortwo.Imyselfhavelivedandlearnedfrommorethanafew.It’snotthemistakesthatmatter.It’showwedealwiththem.Whatwecandoistolearnfromthepoorchoices,terribleideasandbaddecisionsofthepastandnotrepeatthem.Wecanalsolearnfromthemistakesofothersandavoidthem.5Andwecanmakeallthebumpsandbruises(磕磕碰碰)countforsomething.

A.Apparently,weallhaveathirstforhappiness.B.Self-careisthefoundationforcaringaboutothers.C.Finally,topursuehappiness,learnfrommistakes.D.Gettingthemdownonpaperwillhelpusavoidmistakes.E.Andotherstudiesshowsmallactsofkindnesscanspreadout.F.Ther