2025版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)專題檢測十一推理判斷

專題十一推理推斷Passage1CVCCsHighSchoolProgramCareer-technicalprogramsatCuyahogaValleyCareerCenterallowstudentsflexiblecareerpathswithadvancedacademicstopreparethemforcollegeandtheworkforce.ElectricalSystemsEachstudentisprovidedwithtrade-relatedclassroomtrainingthatproducescompetencyandpridethatleadtotruecraftsmanship.Learnhowtousemanyofthelatesttoolsandtechnologieswithhands-ontraininginourfullyequippedlab.Theprogramsdiversifiedcourseworkgivesstudentsastrongfoundationininstallationandrepairofelectricalsystems,inadditiontoreceivingskilltraining,workingandearningapaycheckonthejob.EngineeringTechnologyYoulllearnengineeringconceptsandtechnologysuchasappliedlogic,digitalelectronics,computer-aideddesign,roboticsandcomputer-integratedmanufacturing.Theproject-basedapproachletsyouapplyyourskilltorealsituations.Inpractice,youllpickyourownreal-worldproblemstosolveandgraduatereadyforacollegeengineeringprogram.SportsMedicineExerciseScienceThisscience-basedprogramcombineslectures,hands-onlabsandcriticalthinkingactivitieswithallofthelatestfitnesstechnology.Studentshavetheuniqueopportunitytolearninexerciseandsportsenvironmentsalongsideexerciseandsportsprofessionalsusingadvancedmedicaltechniquestopreventandhealinjuries.Uponcompletionoftheprogram,studentsmayearncollegecreditsatvariousOhiouniversities.Applicantsmusthaveaminimum3.0GPAand“C”orbetterinBiology.EducationProfessionsEducationProfessionsintroducescollege-mindedstudentstothefieldofeducation.Thisfoundationalcoursebenefitsalleducationmajorsregardlessofspecialties.Observationandfieldexperiencesprovidethefirst-handexperienceyouneedtodecideifacareerineducationisforyou.Admissioniswithhighschoolcounselor(顧問)recommendationsonly.1.Whichprogramoffersstudentspay?A.ElectricalSystems.B.EngineeringTechnology.C.SportsMedicineExerciseScience.D.EducationProfessions.2.WhatisspecialaboutSportsMedicineExerciseScience?A.ItistargetedatcollegestudentsinOhio.B.Itisaimedattrainingprofessionalathletes.C.Itonlyadmitsapplicantswithrecommendations.D.Ithasacademicrequirementsforapplicants.3.Whatcanweinferabouttheprogramsmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarescience-related.B.Theyaretechnology-centered.C.Theystresspracticaltraining.D.Theyguaranteeadmissiontocollege.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。主題語境為人與自我,主題語境內(nèi)容為職業(yè)規(guī)劃。本文介紹了凱霍加谷就業(yè)指導(dǎo)中心給中學(xué)生供應(yīng)的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目。1.A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:哪個(gè)項(xiàng)目付給學(xué)生工資?依據(jù)“ElectricalSystems”中最終一句“Theprogramsdiversifiedcoursework...,inadditiontoreceivingskilltraining,workingandearningapaycheckonthejob.”可知答案為A項(xiàng)。

2.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:SportsMedicineExerciseScience有什么特殊之處?依據(jù)“SportsMedicineExerciseScience”中的“Applicantsmusthaveaminimum3.0GPAand‘C’orbetterinBiology.”(申請(qǐng)者各科成果平均積分點(diǎn)必需至少為3.0,生物成果為“C”或更好)可知對(duì)申請(qǐng)SportsMedicineExerciseScience的學(xué)生有學(xué)業(yè)成果要求,故答案為D項(xiàng)。3.C推理推斷題。本題題干意為:從文中提到的這幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目中我們可以推斷出什么?依據(jù)ElectricalSystems中的“Learnhowtousemanyofthelatesttoolsandtechnologieswithhands-ontraininginourfullyequippedlab.”(在我們?cè)O(shè)備齊全的試驗(yàn)室學(xué)習(xí)如何運(yùn)用很多最新的工具和技術(shù),并進(jìn)行實(shí)踐培訓(xùn)),EngineeringTechnology中的“Theproject-basedapproachletsyouapplyyourskilltorealsituations.”(針對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目而指定的方法可以使你把你的技能應(yīng)用到實(shí)際狀況中),SportsMedicineExerciseScience中的“Studentshavetheuniqueopportunitytolearninexerciseandsportsenvironments...”(學(xué)生們有獨(dú)特的機(jī)會(huì)在運(yùn)動(dòng)和體育環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)……)及EducationProfessions中的“Observationandfieldexperiencesprovidethefirst-handexperienceyouneed”(視察和實(shí)地體驗(yàn)供應(yīng)了你所須要的第一手閱歷)可推斷出這些培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目都留意實(shí)際操作訓(xùn)練,故答案為C項(xiàng)。

Passage2Nowweareina“goldenage”ofspace-samplecollectionandexploration.Spaceagenciesaroundtheworldarebusycollecting,orplanningtocollect,samplesfromasteroids(小行星),moonsandplanetsandsoon.ChinasChange-5missionisthemostrecentsample-returnmissionthathasbeensuccessfullycompleted.OnDec.17,2024,theChange-5lunarprobe(探測器)returnedhomeandlandedintheInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegionafterweeksofspacetravel,ChinaDailyreported.Thiswastheworldsfirstlunarsample-returnmissionsince1976.Themissioncollected1,713gramsofsamplesofrocksanddustwiththehelpofadrillandamechanical(機(jī)械的)arm.Anotherspacesample-returnmissionwascompletedonDec.6,2024.JapansHayabusa-2probereturnedacapsuletoEarthcontainingvaluablesamplesfromtheasteroidRyugu.ThiswasthesecondtimeasteroidsampleshadeverbeencollectedandbroughtbacktoEarth.ThefirstasteroidsampleswerecollectedbytheoriginalHayabusaspacecraftbackin2010.Therewillbemoresuchmissionsinthenearfuture.NASAsOSIRIS-RExspacecraft,whichcollectedsamplesfromtheasteroidBennuinOctober2024,isexpectedtoreturntoEarthin2024.RussiasLunar-25missionisscheduledtolaunchtothemoonin2024tocollectlunarsamples.“Icannotemphasizeenoughhowvaluablereturnsamplesareforincreasingourunderstandingoftheoriginandevolutionofoursolarsystemandourplaceintheuniverse,andhowwecametobe,”saidAnnNguyen,aNASAplanetaryscientist.AsfortheChange-5lunarsamples,scientistswillconductvariousanalyses,testsandexperimentstodeterminethecomposition,structureandphysicalcharacteristicsofthesamples.Thisinformationwillhelptodeepenourknowledgeaboutthehistoryofthemoon,aswellasoursolarsystemasawhole.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheChange-5lunarprobe?A.ItwaslaunchedonDec.17,2024.B.Itcompletedthemostsuccessfulmission.C.Itcollectedtheworldsfirstlunarsample.D.Itbroughtbackmorethan1,700gramsoflunarsamples.2.WhatdoestheauthorfocusoninParagraphs3and4?A.Providingexamples.B.Explainingaconcept.C.Drawingcomparisons.D.Makingasummary.3.WhydowecollectsamplesfromspaceaccordingtoAnnNguyen?A.Tolearnmoreabouthowthesolarsystemoriginatesandevolves.B.Todeterminethestructureofthesolarsystem.C.TodeepenourknowledgeaboutourplaceonEarth.D.Tounderstandhowwaterfirstappearedonthemoon.4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.A“goldenage”comesB.ManexploresspaceC.SpacesampleslandD.Scientistsanalysesamples答案[語篇解讀]本文為新聞報(bào)道。主題語境為人與自然;主題語境內(nèi)容為宇宙探究?，F(xiàn)在正處于收集和探究太空樣本的“黃金時(shí)代”,世界各地的太空機(jī)構(gòu)都在忙著收集或安排收集小行星、衛(wèi)星和行星等的樣本。1.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:對(duì)于嫦娥5號(hào)月球探測器我們了解什么?依據(jù)其次段,尤其是最終一句“Themissioncollected1,713gramsofsamplesofrocksanddustwiththehelpofadrillandamechanicalarm.”可知答案為D項(xiàng)。

2.A推理推斷題。本題題干意為:作者在第三、四段關(guān)注的是什么?文章第一段中的“世界各地的太空機(jī)構(gòu)都在忙著收集或安排收集小行星、衛(wèi)星和行星等的樣本”為本文的中心句,其次、三、四段是通過舉例支撐這一中心句的,由此可推知第三、四段主要是在舉例(Providingexamples),故答案為A項(xiàng)。B:說明概念;C:作比較;D:做總結(jié)。3.A推理推斷題。本題題干意為:AnnNguyen認(rèn)為我們要從太空收集樣本的緣由是什么?依據(jù)第五段中的“Icannotemphasizeenoughhowvaluablereturnsamplesareforincreasingourunderstandingoftheoriginandevolutionofoursolarsystemandourplaceintheuniverse,andhowwecametobe”可推知答案為A項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)中的onEarth與文中的“intheuniverse”相悖,故被解除。

4.C主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的合適的題目是什么?通讀全文尤其是第一段(文章主題段落)可知本題答案為C項(xiàng)。Passage3ScientistshavediscoveredwhatmaybetheoldestfossilsofagreenplanteverfoundinrocksfromnorthernChina.TheplantisthoughttobeapieceofseaweedgrowingonEarthsoceanfloorabout1billionyearsago.Thatwouldmakethisseaweedanancestorofallgreenplantsalivetoday.TheseaweedisaformofgreenalgaecalledProterocladusantiquus.Itwasverysmall,aboutthesizeofasinglepieceofrice.Researcherssaytheplantwasconnectedtotheoceanfloorwitharoot-likestructure.Atthetime,theplantwasoneofthelargestlifeformsinthesea.Itcontainedmostlybacteriaandothermicro-organisms.Proterocladuswasabletoperformphotosynthesis,takingenergyfromthesuntoproducelife-supportingcarbonandoxygen.Theplantalsoprovidedfoodandshelterformanydifferentkindsofsealife.Thefossilsrepresenttheoldestgreenseaweedeverfound.Thenextoldestfossilofgreenseaweedwasfoundinrockthoughttobeabout800millionyearsold.Thescientistssaytheseaweedoncelivedinanoceanthatwasnotverydeep.Oncetheplantsdied,theybecame“cooked”underthicksediment.Itcreatedfossilsintheshapeoftheseaweed.Manymillionsofyearslater,thedirtwasliftedoutoftheocean.Thenitbecamethedrylandwheretheexampleswerecollected.Thefirstlandplants,believedtobeancestorsofgreenseaweeds,didnotappearuntilabout450millionyearsago.TheVirginiaTechresearchersbelievethatlandplants—includingtrees,grasses,foodcropsandothers—alldevelopedfromgreenseaweedsthatlivedintheocean.Then,overmillionsofyears,theseaweedplantsmovedoutofthewaterandadaptedtolifeonland.1.WhatwasProterocladusinfluenceonsealife?A.Itenlargedthechainoffood.B.Itincreasedtheamountofoxygen.C.Itprotectedsealifefrombeinghurt.D.Itsuppliedsealifewithfoodandhabitat.2.Howdoesthefourthparagraphdevelop?A.Byshowingtheseaweedslivingconditions.B.Bytellingushowfossilsformed.C.Byintroducingthehistoryofseaweed.D.Byanalyzingtheprocessoflandchanges.3.Whatsthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheOldestFossilsWereFoundinRocksinChinaB.ScientistsDiscoverEarthsOldestGreenPlantFossilinChinaC.TheEvolutionoftheSeaweedDelightedScientistsinChinaD.TheDiscoveryoftheOldestGreenPlantFossilShocksthePublic答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為科學(xué)發(fā)覺?？茖W(xué)家在中國北方的巖石中發(fā)覺了地球上最古老的綠色植物的化石。1.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:Proterocladus對(duì)海洋生物有什么影響?依據(jù)其次段中的Proterocladuswasableto...Theplantalsoprovidedfoodandshelterformanydifferentkindsofsealife.可知:它為海洋生物供應(yīng)食物與棲息地,故答案為D項(xiàng)。

2.B推理推斷題。本題題干意為:第四段是如何綻開的?依據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容(科學(xué)家們說,這種海藻曾經(jīng)生活在不是很深的海洋里。一旦植物死亡,它們就會(huì)在厚厚的沉淀物下被“煮熟”,形成海藻形態(tài)的化石。數(shù)百萬年后,泥土從海洋中被撈出,然后就變成了收集樣本的陸地)可知:本段主要說明化石是如何形成的。故答案為B項(xiàng)。3.B主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的最佳題目是什么?第一段提到ScientistshavediscoveredwhatmaybetheoldestfossilsofagreenplanteverfoundinrocksfromnorthernChina.之后文章就此綻開,可知B項(xiàng)能夠概括本文中心,故為答案。Passage4Tommy,a26-year-oldchimp(黑猩猩),livesinasmallcageinausedtrucksaleslotinNewYork.Retiredfrommovieworkandwhateverelseonceoccupiedhim,hehasnochimpfriendstokeephimcompany—justaTV.HeisworldsawayfromtherainforestofWesternAfrica,wherechimpsspendmostoftheirlivesintrees,hunting,andsocializingtogether.Hisownerhasntbrokenanylaws,butananimalrightsgroupcalledtheNonhumanRightsProject(NhRP)istryingtochangetheview.Thegroupsayschimpshavesuchhumanlikeintelligencethattheyshouldberecognizedas“l(fā)egalpersons”andbeplacedinananimalshelterandwanderfree.Youveprobablyheardtheterm“animalrights”,butanimalsdontactuallyhaverightsinmanycountries.Animalwelfarelawspunishpeoplewhomistreatanimals,butthatsnotthesameaschimpshavingarighttolibertyoranythingelse.NhRPsfirststepistoaskajudgetoendpeoplesunjustarrestonbehalfofTommyandotherprivatelyownedchimps.Ifthecourtdecidestorecognizechimpsaslegalpersons,NhRPsnextstepwillbearguingforwhatrightsthechimpsshouldbegranted.“Therightthatwebelievetheyshouldhavemostofallistherighttobodilyliberty,”saysWise,aNhRPgroupmember.“Theyshouldbeabletochoosehowtolivetheirlives.”Tommysowner,PatLavery,saysherescuedTommyfromacarelessowneraboutadecadeagoanddeniesthechimpismistreatedorunhappy.“Helikesbeingbyhimself,”hesays.“Theresadangerinmakingajumptosaytheyrejustlikepeople,”saysRichardCupp,aprofessorwhowritesaboutanimalsandthelaw.“Ifwerereallyfocusedonchimpsbeingvery,verysmart,thenwhoknowsifmaybesomedaywemight...say,‘Hey,heresaparticularhumanbeingthatsnotverysmartatall;maybethechimpshavehigherstatusthanthisperson.’”1.WhatcanweknowaboutTommy?A.Heislivingaverylonelylife.B.Hedislikeslivingintherainforest.C.Helikeswatchingmoviesverymuch.D.HewasillegallyboughtbyPatLavery.2.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Greatprogresshasbeenmadeinimprovinganimalrights.B.PatLaveryisthoughttomistreatTommybyNhRP.C.Animalrightsaregoingfrombadtoworse.D.Animalrightshavebeenadmittedinwesterncountries.3.WhatsthefinalgoalNhRPwantstoachieve?A.Toensurechimpsbodilysafety.B.Tostopillegalhuntingforchimps.C.Tohelpchimpsfindtheirfamilies.D.Tohelpchimpsenjoytheirfreedom.4.WhatsRichardCuppsattitudetowardsNhRPseffortstowinrightsforchimps?A.Hopeful.B.Uncaring.C.Worried.D.Supportive.答案[語篇解讀]本文為爭論文。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為動(dòng)物權(quán)利的愛護(hù)。本文從26歲黑猩猩在從事電影等工作退休后被關(guān)在一個(gè)小籠子里引出對(duì)愛護(hù)動(dòng)物權(quán)利這一話題的探討。1.A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:對(duì)于Tommy我們了解什么?依據(jù)第1段第2、3句(……它沒有黑猩猩摯友陪伴——只有一臺(tái)電視。它置身于非洲西部的雨林之外,而在雨林里的黑猩猩一生大部分時(shí)間都待在樹上,一起捕獵、交際)可知答案為A項(xiàng)。2.B推理推斷題。本題題干意為:從文中我們可以推斷出什么?依據(jù)第2段(它的主子并沒有違反任何法律,但一個(gè)名為“NhRP”的動(dòng)物權(quán)利組織正試圖變更這一看法。該組織說,黑猩猩具有類似人類的智力,它們應(yīng)當(dāng)被認(rèn)定為“合法公民”,并且應(yīng)當(dāng)被安置在動(dòng)物收容所,可以自由閑逛)及倒數(shù)第2段中“Tommysowner,PatLavery,says...anddeniesthechimpismistreatedorunhappy.”可推知NhRP認(rèn)為PatLavery虐待了黑猩猩,故答案為B項(xiàng)。3.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:NhRP想實(shí)現(xiàn)的最終目標(biāo)是什么?依據(jù)第4段最終兩句(“我們認(rèn)為它們最應(yīng)當(dāng)擁有的權(quán)利是身體自由,”懷斯,NhRP組織的一名成員說?！八鼈儜?yīng)當(dāng)能夠選擇自己的生活方式?！?可知NhRP想實(shí)現(xiàn)的最終目標(biāo)是幫助黑猩猩享受自由,故答案為D項(xiàng)。4.C推理推斷題。本題題干意為:RichardCupp對(duì)NhRP為黑猩猩爭取權(quán)利的努力持什么看法?依據(jù)最終一段尤其是第1句(跳起來說它們簡直就像人類這一做法是危急的)可推知RichardCupp對(duì)NhRP為黑猩猩爭取權(quán)利的努力感到擔(dān)憂,故答案為C項(xiàng)。Passage5Electricvehiclesareclosetothe“turningpoint”ofrapidmassadoptionthankstothedecreasingcostsofbatteries,expertssay.Globalsalesofelectricvehiclesrose43%in2024,butevenfastergrowthisexpectedwhencontinuingfallsinbatterypricesresultinthepriceofelectriccarsunderthesamepetrolanddiesel(柴油)models,whichmayhappenbetween2024and2025.AccordingtoastudybyProf.TimLenton,attheUniversityofExeter,theturningpointhasalreadybeenpassedinNorway,wheretaxbreaks(稅收減免)meanelectriccarsarecheaperandthemarketshareofbattery-poweredcarsincreasedto54%in2024inNorway,comparedwithlessthan5%inmostEuropeannations.Thefallsinbatterypricesinthelastdecadehavebeendramaticandfasterthanpredictedthankstoamassiveproductionandcutsincosts,suchasreducingtheamountofexpensivecobalt(鈷)required.BloombergNEFsanalysispredictslithium-ion(鋰離子)batterycostswillfallsosharplythatelectriccarscanmatchthepriceofpetrolanddieselcarsby2024.McKinseysGlobalEnergyPerspective2024,publishedon15January,forecaststhat“electricvehiclesarelikelytobecomethemosteconomicchoiceinthenextfiveyearsworldwide”.Electriccars,vitalineffortstofightclimatecrisis,arequieterandstarttogofaster,sopeopledonotwanttoreturntoapetrolordieselvehicleoncetheyhaveone.Asurveyof2,000electriccarownersfound91%saidtheydidnotwanttogoback.“Thesurveyshowsthestrongandlastingimpactofswitchingtoacleancar.Theevidenceinfavourofelectricvehiclesgrowsmoreconvincingeveninayearasdestructiveas2024,”saidMelanieShufflebotham,atZap-Map,whichmapschargingpoints.1.Whatleadstothegrowingsalesofelectricvehicles?A.Theriseinpetrolprices.B.Thedesireforalowertax.C.Thedropinbatterycosts.D.Theneedforacleanerlife.2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.PoliciesinNorwaysupportelectricvehicles.B.EconomyinNorwayoutgrowsothernations.C.Themarketshareofelectricvehicleswilldecline.D.ThetaxbreaksinEuropewillcontinuetoincrease.3.Howwillelectricvehiclesequalfuelvehiclesinprice?A.Byincreasingthedemandforcobalt.B.Byboostingthesalesofelectriccars.C.Byreducingtheproductionofbatteries.D.Bycuttingthecostsoflithium-ionbatteries.4.Whatistheattitudeofpeoplesurveyedtowardselectriccars?A.Tolerant.B.Positive.C.Unwilling.D.Opposed.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會(huì),主題語境內(nèi)容為科技發(fā)展。由于電池成本的下降,電動(dòng)汽車的發(fā)展正進(jìn)入快車道。1.C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:什么導(dǎo)致電動(dòng)汽車銷量的增長?依據(jù)第1段“Electricvehiclesareclosetothe‘turningpoint’ofrapidmassadoptionthankstothedecreasingcostsofbatteries,expertssay.”可知答案為C項(xiàng)。A:汽油價(jià)格上漲;B:降低稅收的愿望;D:對(duì)更清潔生活的須要。

2.A推理推斷題。本題題干意為:從第2段我們可以推斷出什么?依據(jù)第2段中的“...theturningpointhasalreadybeenpassedinNorway,wheretaxbreaksmeanelectriccarsarecheaperandthemarketshareofbattery-poweredcarsincreasedto54%in2024inNorway,comparedwithlessthan5%inmostEuropeannations.”(在挪威,該轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)已經(jīng)過去了,稅收減免意味著電動(dòng)汽車更便宜,在2024年,挪威的電動(dòng)汽車市場份額增至54%,相比之下,大多數(shù)歐洲國家的市場份額不到5%)可推知挪威的政策推動(dòng)了電動(dòng)汽車的發(fā)展,故答案為A項(xiàng)。B:挪威的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長超過其他國家;C:電動(dòng)汽車的市場份額將下降;D:歐洲的稅收減免力度將接著加大。

3.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:電動(dòng)汽車的價(jià)格如何與燃油汽車持平?依據(jù)第3段第2句(BloombergNEF的分析預(yù)料,到2024年,鋰離子電池的成本將大幅下降,電動(dòng)汽車的價(jià)格會(huì)與汽油和柴油汽車相當(dāng))可知答案為D項(xiàng)(通過削減鋰離子電池的成本)。A:增加對(duì)鈷的需求;B:通過促進(jìn)電動(dòng)汽車的銷售;C:通過削減電池的生產(chǎn)。4.B推理推斷題。本題題干意為:被調(diào)查的人們對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車持什么看法?依據(jù)倒數(shù)第2段最終一句(一項(xiàng)針對(duì)2,000名電動(dòng)汽車車主的調(diào)查發(fā)覺,91%的人表示他們不想再開燃油汽車)可知被調(diào)查的人們對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車持主動(dòng)樂觀的看法,故答案為B項(xiàng)。A:寬容的;C:不情愿的;D:反對(duì)的。Passage6MarcusEriksenwasstudyingplasticpollutionwhenhemetcamelexpertUlrichWernery.Theywentdeepintothedesertandspottedacamelskeleton(骨架).Eriksenwasnotpreparedforwhathesawinthedesert.“Iwasjustappalled,”hesaid.“Insidethecamelsbodywasamassasbigasamedium-sizedsuitcase,allplasticbags.”WerneryisascientistworkinginaresearchlabinDubai.Since2008,Wernerysteamhasexamined30,000deadcamels.Ofthese,300hadguts(胃)packedwithplastic.Ascamelswanderinthedesert,theyeatplasticbagsandothertrashthatdriftintotreesorpileupalongroadsides.“Toacamel,ifitsnotsand,itsfood,”explainsEriksen.Tightlypackedmassesofindigestiblethingscanbuildupinthegutofpeopleoranimals.Scientistscallthembezoars.Normally,thesearemadeofvegetablefibersorhair.WerneryandEriksencallthosefoundinthecamels“polybezoars”.Itpointstotheirorigin:plasticpolymers.Abezoarcanbedangerous.Asitfillsthestomach,ananimalmaystopeating.Nolongerfeelinghungry,theymightstarvetodeath.Plasticcanalsoreleaseharmfulchemicals.Thepolybezoarsmayevencarrybacteriathatcanpoisoncamels.Inanewstudy,EriksenandWerneryreportdatasuggestingthateachyearthesepolybezoarsarekillingoffaround1inevery100camels.Offivecamelbezoarsanalyzedforthisstudy,theplasticcontentrangedfrom3to64kilograms.“If1percentmortality(死亡率)duetoplasticisconfirmedbyfutureandmoredetailedstudies,thenplasticpollutionwillcertainlyrepresentareasonofconcernforcamels,”saysLucaNizzetto,anenvironmentalscientist.Suchstudiesareimportant,hesays,becausethey“raisesocialawarenessofthispollution”.Banningplasticbagsandsingle-useplasticsiscrucialforprotectingcamelsandotherwildlife,Eriksensays.“Plasticbagsareescapeartists.Theyblowoutofgarbagecans,outoflandfillsandoutofpeopleshands.”Whatsmore,headds,“Theytravelhundredsofmiles.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“appalled”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Ashamed.B.Shocked.C.Confused.D.Annoyed.2.WhydocamelseatplasticsaccordingtoEriksen?A.Theymistakethemforfood.B.Theyhavetosurviveonthem.C.Theyfindthemverydelicious.D.Theyaresurroundedbythem.3.Whatcanbeknownabout“polybezoars”?A.Theymakecamelsfeelhungry.B.Theyconsistofvegetablefibers.C.Theyarerarepoisonousbacteria.D.Theyarehardtodigestforcamels.4.WhatdoesLucaNizzettothinkofcamel-plasticstudies?A.Theycancertainlyleadtothebanonplastics.B.Theycaneducatepeopleonplasticpollution.C.Theyarequitesimplebutofferenoughdetails.D.Theyareveryconvincingbutlessinspirational.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為動(dòng)物愛護(hù)。探討人員發(fā)覺,駱駝常常會(huì)誤把沙漠中的塑料當(dāng)作食物吃下去,而這在確定程度上導(dǎo)致了它們的死亡。這項(xiàng)探討發(fā)覺也反映出人類活動(dòng)要對(duì)駱駝的死亡擔(dān)當(dāng)主要責(zé)任,同時(shí)呼吁人們禁止運(yùn)用一次性塑料,從而更好地愛護(hù)駱駝和其他野生動(dòng)物。1.B揣測詞義題。本題題干意為:第1段中的畫線詞“appalled”很可能是什么意思?依據(jù)第1段中“Eriksenwasnotpreparedforwhathesawinthedesert.”及“Insidethecamelsbodywasamassasbigasamedium-sizedsuitcase,allplasticbags.”可推斷,畫線詞的意思是“感到震驚的”,與shocked的意思最接近,故答案為B項(xiàng)。2.A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:Eriksen認(rèn)為駱駝吃塑料的緣由是什么?依據(jù)第2段最終一句(Eriksen說明說:“對(duì)駱駝來說,假如不是沙子,那就是食物?！?可知,駱駝吃塑料是因?yàn)樗鼈冋`把塑料當(dāng)成了食物。故答案為A項(xiàng)。3.D推理推斷題。本題題干意為:對(duì)于“polybezoars”我們知道什么?依據(jù)第3段最終兩句(Wernery和Eriksen稱在駱駝身體里發(fā)覺的那些東西為“polybezoars”。它們的來源是塑料聚合物)及第4段前3句(bezoar很危急。當(dāng)它填滿動(dòng)物胃部時(shí),動(dòng)物可能會(huì)停止進(jìn)食。不再感到饑餓,動(dòng)物們可能會(huì)餓死)可推斷:駱駝很難消化polybezoars,故答案為D項(xiàng)。4.B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:LucaNizzetto對(duì)駱駝和塑料相關(guān)性的探討有什么看法?依據(jù)第5段“...saysLucaNizzetto,anenvironmentalscientist.Suchstudiesareimportant,hesays,becausethey‘raisesocialawarenessofthispollution’.”可知:LucaNizzetto認(rèn)為關(guān)于駱駝和塑料相關(guān)性的探討可以讓人們了解塑料污染,故答案為B項(xiàng)。Passage7Masksthathelpedsavelivesduringthecoronaviruspandemic(流行病)areprovingadeadlydangerforwildlife,withbirdsandmarinecreaturestrappedintheincrediblenumberofabandonedfacialcoveringslitteringanimalhabitats.Single-usesurgicalmaskshavebeenfoundthrownaroundpavements,waterwaysandbeachesworldwidesincecountriesbegandemandingtheiruseinpublicplacestoslowthepandemicsspread.Macaques(獼猴)havebeenspottedchewingthestraps(帶子)offoldanddesertedmasksinMalaysia,apotentialchokingdangerforthelittlemonkeys.AndinanincidentthatcapturedtheheadlinesinBritain,agull(海鷗)wasrescuedinthecityofChelmsfordafteritslegsbecametangled(纏結(jié))inthestrapsofadisposablemaskforuptoaweek.Theanimalwelfarecharitywasalertedafterthebirdwasspottedmotionlessbutstillalive,andtheytookittoawildlifehospitalfortreatmentbeforeitsrelease.Thebiggestimpactmaybeinthewater.Morethan1.5billionmasksmadetheirwayintotheworldsoceanslastyear,accountingforaround6,200extratonsofmarineplasticpollution,accordingtoenvironmentalgroupOceansAsia.Alreadytherearesignsthatmasksareworseningthreatstomarinelife.ConservationistsinBrazilfoundoneinsidethestomachofapenguinafteritsbodywaswasheduponabeach,whileadeadpufferfish(河豚)wasdiscoveredcaughtinsideanotheroffthecoastofMiami.Masksandglovesare“particularlyproblematic”forseacreatures,saysGeorgeLeonard,chiefscientistfromU.S.-basedNGOOceanConservancy.“Whenittakesthoseplasticshundredsofyearstobreakdownintheenvironment,theyformsmallerandsmallerparticles,”headded.“Thoseparticlesthenenterthefoodchainandimpactentireecosystems.”

Fortunately,therehasbeenashifttowardsgreateruseofreusableclothmasksasthepandemichaswornon,butmanyarestillchoosingthelightersingle-usevarieties.Campaignershaveurgedpeopletothrowthemawayproperlyandremovethestrapstoreducetheriskofanimalsbecomingtrapped.OceansAsiahasalsocalledongovernmentstoincreasefinesforlitteringandencouragetheuseofwashablemasks.1.Whatroledomasksplayduringthecoronaviruspandemic?A.Theykeeppeoplefreeofthepandemic.B.Theymakepeoplelookmoremysterious.C.Theyhelpreducethespeedofthepandemicsspread.D.Theyareofgreathelptowildlife.2.Theauthorusestheexamplesofmacaquesandagulltoshowthat.

A.theanimalslackenoughfoodB.theyenjoyplayingwiththestrapsC.thedesertedmasksputthemindangerD.itstimeforpeopletoprotecttheanimals3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“particularlyproblematic”inPara.4meanbyGeorgeLeonard?A.Marinecreaturesareintrouble.B.Masksandgloveswillfinallythreatenthewholeecosystems.C.Theplasticsareeasytobreakdown.D.Theparticlesmasksandglovesformaresmallerandsmaller.4.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.animalprotectionB.marineplasticpollutionC.howtoreducetheriskofabandonedmasksD.thedesertedmasksendangeringwildlife答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為動(dòng)物愛護(hù)。在新冠肺炎疫情期間幫助挽救人們生命的口罩被大量散落在動(dòng)物棲息地,這些口罩被證明對(duì)野生動(dòng)物是致命的危急。1.C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:在新冠肺炎疫情期間,口罩起了什么作用?依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Masksthathelpedsavelivesduringthecoronaviruspandemicareprovingadeadlydangerforwildlife”(事實(shí)證明,在新冠肺炎疫情期間幫助挽救生命的口罩對(duì)野生動(dòng)物構(gòu)成致命危急)和其次段第一句中的“toslowthepandemicsspread”(減緩疫情的擴(kuò)散)可知:口罩有助于減緩疫情的傳播速度,故答案為C項(xiàng)。2.C推理推斷題。本題題干意為:作者用獼猴和海鷗的例子來表明。文章第一段給出了“口罩對(duì)野生動(dòng)物構(gòu)成致命危急”這一主題,其次段起先詳細(xì)介紹全球各地的人行道、水道和海灘都發(fā)覺了一次性外科口罩,然后以獼猴和海鷗為例講解并描述一次性口罩給它們?cè)斐傻奈：?由此可推知:被遺棄的口罩使動(dòng)物處于危急之中,故答案為C項(xiàng)。

3.B揣測詞義題。本題題干意為:第四段中畫線部分喬治·倫納德所說的“很成問題”是什么意思?依據(jù)第四段喬治·倫納德所說的話(那些塑料須要數(shù)百年的時(shí)間才能在環(huán)境中分解,形成越來越小的顆粒。那些顆粒隨后進(jìn)入食物鏈,影響整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng))可推知:口罩和手套最終會(huì)威逼到整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng),這一現(xiàn)象“很成問題”,故答案為B項(xiàng)。4.D主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文主要關(guān)于。依據(jù)第一段(本文主題段落)的內(nèi)容(在新冠肺炎疫情期間幫助挽救生命的口罩對(duì)野生動(dòng)物來說是致命的危急,在鳥類和海洋生物的棲息地,到處都是被遺棄的口罩)可知本文主要講廢棄的口罩危及野生動(dòng)物。故答案為D項(xiàng)。

Passage8Disease-carryingmosquitoescanspreaddiseaseswithoutaffectingthemselves.Nearly700millionpeoplegetamosquito-borneillnesseachyear,whichresultsinoveronemilliondeaths.Humansexperiencecontinuouspressuresfromdisease-carryingmosquitoesinmanypartsoftheworld,sowehavetofindwaystofightagainstthoseinsectsbecausetheykeepgettingscarier.EventhoughDEETremainsthemostcommonlyused,andmostpowerful,mosquitorepellent(驅(qū)蟲劑)everdeveloped,scientistsareactivelypursuingeffectiveproductsbasedentirelyonplantoils.WhileDEETisaneffectivecontactrepellent,manypeopledisliketheoilyfeelandsmellontheirskin,andsometimessomepeoplearesensitivetoit.ConsumersarealwaysinterestedinalternativestoDEETandothersynthetic(合成的)repellents,sotherearenumerousnaturalrepellentsonthemarket.InmylabatIowaStateUniversity,myteamandIhavebeenconductingresearchonnaturalproductsaspossibleinsectrepellentsforthepast20years.Inthepastfewyears,threeofmyPh.D.studentshavecontributedgreatlytoourresearchbydesigning,synthesizing,purifying,characterizingandtestingmorethan300closelyrelatedchemicalscomingfromthebestofnaturalrepellentslikecitronellol,mentholandthymol.Thesestudentshavesuccessfullytestedtheserepellentsagainstthreespeciesofdangerousmosquitoes.Thefirstgroupofthenewrepellentsactthroughtheair.Thesechemicalshaveavaporactionthatprovidesprotection.Thesearepotentiallymostusefulinbackyards,parks,houses,barracksandhorsebarns.Theothergroupofthenewrepellentsaretheclassiconesthatstopinsectsfromstandingonatreatedsurface,suchashumanskin,clothingortents;someresearchershaveconductedtestingonsomehumanstoconfirmtheeffectivenessandidentifytheverybestones.Thenewrepellentsweredesignedandmadefromthenaturalmaterialsinplantessentialoils.Theymaintainmanyoftheadvantagesofthenaturalrepellents:Theyarefullybiodegradable(可生物降解的),withnoecologicalconcernsorenvironmentalwastes,andgenerallyconsideredsafelikethethousandsoftypesofplantessentialoilsusedintheflavorandperfumeindustries.However,thoroughtestingwillbeconductedtodetermineiftheyaretrulynon-poisonousbecausethereisstillnoenoughevidence.1.WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttoshowinParagraph1?A.Thewaymosquitoesspreaddisease.B.Thehighdeathrateof