Unit 4 Natural disasters-【同步寫(xiě)作課】高一英語(yǔ)單元寫(xiě)作深度指導(dǎo)（人教版2019必修第一冊(cè)）

必修第一冊(cè)Unit4單元寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)與演練WriteaSummary單元寫(xiě)作早知道寫(xiě)作任務(wù)本單元的寫(xiě)作任務(wù)是寫(xiě)一篇文章概要。概要寫(xiě)作是新高考寫(xiě)作的題型的類(lèi)型之一。其中高考改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)在2018年11月和2019年6月分別實(shí)施過(guò)兩次。除了這兩次之外，到2023年6月，概要寫(xiě)作都沒(méi)有再使用過(guò)。但是概要寫(xiě)作作為高考設(shè)題的一種形式，并沒(méi)有明確排除。同時(shí)，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行概要寫(xiě)作是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重要方面，對(duì)幫助學(xué)生理解文章的框架，結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨有很重要的意義，因此在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，我們還是要重視概要寫(xiě)作。概要寫(xiě)作要求概要寫(xiě)作的考查目標(biāo)是：1.對(duì)原文主旨及要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況;2.概括要點(diǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性;3.概要文章上下文的連貫性。概要寫(xiě)作方法1.準(zhǔn)確理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨。概要寫(xiě)作的關(guān)鍵是把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨?？荚囁峁┑奈恼拢话闶墙Y(jié)構(gòu)比較清楚的議論文或說(shuō)明文。此類(lèi)文章的特點(diǎn)是中心突出，結(jié)構(gòu)明確。文章各個(gè)段落的設(shè)置要以主旨為中心，因此，從整體來(lái)理解文章，準(zhǔn)確把握文章的主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)是概要寫(xiě)作的關(guān)鍵。2.以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括要點(diǎn)。概要寫(xiě)作的實(shí)質(zhì)就是概括自然段的主要內(nèi)容。一般來(lái)講，一個(gè)自然段自成一個(gè)要點(diǎn)。以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括要點(diǎn)就是概要寫(xiě)作的關(guān)鍵所做。當(dāng)然，以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括并不是說(shuō)一個(gè)自然段一定是一個(gè)要點(diǎn)。也有可能幾個(gè)自然段說(shuō)明一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，或一個(gè)自然段包含數(shù)個(gè)要點(diǎn)。所以，判斷其要點(diǎn)的呈現(xiàn)情況，最關(guān)鍵的還是要理解文章。3.抓住主要信息，忽略次要細(xì)節(jié)。說(shuō)明文和議論文為了表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和說(shuō)明信息，首先會(huì)有主要觀點(diǎn)，事實(shí)或論點(diǎn)。而后根據(jù)需要輔以具體的支持性的細(xì)節(jié)性的信息，如例舉數(shù)字，舉例等。在概要寫(xiě)作中，我們要呈現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵信息，忽略補(bǔ)充和輔助信息。如，4.利用高頻詞和核心詞概括要點(diǎn)。概要寫(xiě)作的文章主旨明確，核心內(nèi)容突出。因此，文章會(huì)出現(xiàn)意義比較集中的高頻詞或核心詞。在閱讀文章的時(shí)候，要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)核心詞和高頻詞。這些詞匯是概要的基礎(chǔ)和核心。5.使用正確的時(shí)態(tài)。概要寫(xiě)作的體裁一般是說(shuō)明文和議論文。其目的是介紹和論證，因此內(nèi)容都是事實(shí)或論點(diǎn)，所以其時(shí)態(tài)一般都使用用一般時(shí)或完成時(shí)，慎用過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí)，一定要注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。6.注意句式和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性。概要寫(xiě)作對(duì)考生表達(dá)的書(shū)面化程度要求比較高，因此要注意寫(xiě)作時(shí)使用豐富的語(yǔ)言形式。可以酌情選擇使用從句，非謂語(yǔ)等結(jié)構(gòu)。但句子結(jié)構(gòu)不可過(guò)長(zhǎng)，也不要刻意使用太過(guò)復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句子之間也要注意使用合適的連接詞。連接詞的使用以合適簡(jiǎn)潔為主，不要生硬。盡量避免如firstly,secondly,thirdly這樣的連接詞。注意掌握正確的寫(xiě)作程序：認(rèn)真閱讀原文，掌握原文的段落主旨，并標(biāo)出文章的高頻詞，核心詞。整體理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。確保對(duì)文章各個(gè)段落之間的理解邏輯合理。寫(xiě)出各段的基本段意。并再次比較各段的邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。對(duì)各段的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行美化。使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，定語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句等進(jìn)行潤(rùn)色。綜合整個(gè)文章，在合適的地方使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。認(rèn)真謄寫(xiě)到答題卷。常用表達(dá)1．Thisarticle/passagemainlytellsus...2．Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...3．Thisarticlefocusesonthe...4．Inthispassage(about...)，theauthor...5．Thispaperprovides/givesanoverviewof...6．Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...8.First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart，theauthorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsout(that)．..9．Secondly/Next/Furtheron/Then/Inthenextpart/Inthemainpart，theauthorgoesonwith...10．Finally，theauthorstressesthat...本單元寫(xiě)作要求同學(xué)們能用所學(xué)的有關(guān)概要寫(xiě)作的知識(shí)給第50頁(yè)的文章寫(xiě)一篇概要寫(xiě)作。內(nèi)容表述結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)第一部分介紹地震發(fā)生前的現(xiàn)象。Forseveraldays,strangethingsoccurredinthecountrysideofnortheasterHebei.此部分一般用一個(gè)句子即可。第二部分為地震的具體信息，包括地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間以及造成的危害。Thecitywasgreatlyaffectedandnearlydestroyed.Manypeoplewerekilledorinjured.可以用簡(jiǎn)單句，復(fù)合句，非謂語(yǔ)等結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)多個(gè)信息進(jìn)行綜合。第三部分為重建的描述。Soldiersandmedicalworkersarrivedtofindsurvivorsandhelpthepeoplewhohadlosteverything.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthepeople,anewTangshanwasbuilt.此處可以用過(guò)渡句引出下面的內(nèi)容。具體內(nèi)容表述可以用多種句式結(jié)構(gòu)，注意句式結(jié)構(gòu)不要重復(fù)。【小試牛刀】Forseveraldays,strangethingsoccurredinthecountrysideofnortheasterHebei.Then,on28July1976,anearthquakehitTangshancity.Thecitywasgreatlyaffectedandnearlydestroyed.Manypeoplewerekilledorinjured.Therescueworkbegansoonafterthequakes.Soldiersandmedicalworkersarrivedtofindsurvivorsandhelpthepeoplewhohadlosteverything.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthepeople,anewTangshanwasbuilt.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。（2019年6月高考改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)卷)Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonhue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱(chēng)的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________審題本文的要求是對(duì)一篇有關(guān)表?yè)P(yáng)孩子方法探討的議論文寫(xiě)一篇概要寫(xiě)作。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意：1．文體：議論文的摘要。2．時(shí)態(tài)：文章論述的是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的問(wèn)題，因此以一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主。3．人稱(chēng)：為了讓我們的論述更有親和力，應(yīng)以第一人稱(chēng)為主體時(shí)態(tài)。謀篇文章第一段指出過(guò)度的表?yè)P(yáng)不利于孩子的成長(zhǎng)。第二段認(rèn)為不表?yè)P(yáng)孩子也不利孩子的成長(zhǎng)。第三段指出了表?yè)P(yáng)的重點(diǎn)是要關(guān)注過(guò)程而非結(jié)果。第四段更進(jìn)一步陳述我們要表?yè)P(yáng)孩子的努力過(guò)程，不必太過(guò)關(guān)注結(jié)果。在概要寫(xiě)作中要包含以上內(nèi)容。遣詞造句【核心詞匯】1.praise表?yè)P(yáng)2.oppositeeffects相反的結(jié)果3.focusonprocess關(guān)注過(guò)程4.product結(jié)果5.regardlessof不管，不顧【連詞成句】1.過(guò)度的表?yè)P(yáng)對(duì)孩子有負(fù)面對(duì)影響。Toomuchpraiseorpraiseinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.2.我們的表?yè)P(yáng)要聚焦于過(guò)程而不是結(jié)果。Ourpraiseshouldfocusonprocessratherthanproduct.3.我們要以正確的方式表?yè)P(yáng)我們的孩子。Weshouldpraiseourkids’effortinaproperway.【句式升級(jí)】1.根據(jù)文章對(duì)第一句話進(jìn)行信息拓展。Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraiseinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.2.對(duì)第三句進(jìn)行高級(jí)句式提升。Whatweshouldpraiseisourkids’effortinaproperway,regardlessoftheresult.組句成篇根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)和必要的擴(kuò)展信息，寫(xiě)出一篇80詞左右的概要寫(xiě)作。Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraiseinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要點(diǎn)1）Ontheotherhand,nopraisealsodoesharmtokids’development.(要點(diǎn)2）Togainbestresult,ourpraiseshouldfocusonprocessratherthanproduct.(要點(diǎn)3）Therefore，whatweshouldpraiseisourkids’effortinaproperway,regardlessoftheresult.(要點(diǎn)4）Writing1閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顧問(wèn)),anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Itisawisechoiceforastudenttopayapersonalvisittothecollegeyouareapplyingto，especiallytheonesthatareclosetoyou.Inorderavoidbeingregret,youshouldatleastvisitthecollegeyoudecidedtoattend.Ifalltheaboveisnotaffordable,itwillbehelpfultosearchtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLivewhereyoucangetnecessaryinformationneeded.Writing2.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Withbusylives,itcanbehardtofindtimetovolunteer.However,thebenefitsofvolunteeringcanbeenormous.Themoreyouvolunteer,themorebenefitsyouwillexperience.Ofcourse,volunteeringdoesnothavetoinvolvealong-termcommitmentortakeahugeamountoftimeoutofyourbusydays.Givinginevensimplewayscanhelpthoseinneedandimproveyourhealthandhappiness.Itbringsyoubenefitsinanumberofways,butitdoesn’thavetotakeoveryourlifetobebeneficial.Oneofthebetter-knownbenefitsofvolunteeringistheimpactonthecommunity.Volunteeringallowsyoutoconnecttoyourcommunityandmakeitabetterplace.Evenhelpingoutwiththesmallesttaskscanmakearealdifferencetothelivesofpeople,animals,andorganizationsinneed.Andvolunteeringisatwo-waystreet.Itcanbenefityouandyourfamily.Dedicatingyourtimeasavolunteerhelpsyoumakenewfriends,expandyournetwork,andboostyoursocialskills.Volunteeringprovidesmanybenefitstobothmentalandphysicalhealth.Almosteveryonehastofightagainststress,anger,andanxiety.Thesocialcontactaspectofhelpingandworkingwithotherscanhaveaprofoundeffectonyouroverallpsychologicalwell-being.Nothingrelievesstressbetterthanameaningfulconnectiontoanotherperson.Workingwithpetsandotheranimalshasalsobeenshowntoimprovemoodandreducestressandanxiety.Volunteeringcanalsoadvanceyourcareer.Ifyou’reconsideringanewcareer,volunteeringcanhelpyougetexperienceinyourareaofinterestandmeetpeopleinthefield.Evenifyou’renotplanningonchangingcareers,volunteeringgivesyoutheopportunitytopracticeimportantskillsusedintheworkplace,suchasteamwork,communication,problemsolving,projectplanning,taskmanagement,andorganization.Youmightfeelmorecomfortablestretchingyourwingsatworkonceyou’vedevelopedtheseskillsinavolunteerpositionfirst.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Bydoingvolunteeringwork,youcangiveahandtothosewhoareinneedofhelpanditdoesn'trequireagreatdealoftimeandenergy.Itnotonlyprovidehelptotheothersbutalsohelpsyoumakenewfriendsandimproveyoursocialskills.Itisalsogoodforyourmentalandphysicalhealth.Throughvoluntarywork,youcanalsoimproverelatedskillsandpromoteyourcareerdevelopment.Writing3.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Feelinghungry?Ifyou'refeelingstarved,whatistheeasiestwaytosatisfyyourhunger?Manyofuswillreachforatakeawaymenuandordersomedeliciousbutpossiblyunhealthyfood.Andourincreasinglybusylifeaddstoourneedtobuyready-madefoodonthegoordeliveredtoourhome.Eatingoptionsareendless,andnewtechnologymeanswecanfeedourdesireatthepushofabutton.Takeawaydeliveryappsmakeorderingfoodquickandconvenient.Thisisespeciallythecaseduringtherecentcoronaviruscrisis,whenpeoplestuckathomewithnothingtocookorlackedtheskillstoprepareamealforthemselves.It'scalculatedthatintheUKalone,peopleeatthreemilliontakeawaymealsaday,andthethreebiggestdeliveryappstogetherofferachoiceof100cuisinesfrom60,000restaurants.AmeliaBrophy,HeadofUKDataProductsatYouGov,toldtheBBCthatitsresearch“suggeststhatthefrequencyoftakeawaysorderedisexpectedtoincreaseinthefuture."It'snowonderwearetempted（誘惑）toskipthegroceryshopping,avoidthekitchen,andtuckinto（大口吃）somethingthatsomeoneelsehasprepared.Butorderingadeepcrustpizza,aspicycurryoraboxofnoodles,cancomeatapricebothfinanciallyandtoourhealth.Eatingtoomuchprocessedandunhealthyfastfoodhaseffectonobesityandtheriskofdevelopingcertaindiseases.Childrenandadolescentswhoeatfastfoodatleastthreetimesaweekaremorelikelytodevelopeczema,accordingtoonestudy.Eczemaisaskinconditionthatcausespatchesofitchyskin.Ofcourse,reducingsalt,sugarandfatisonewaytomaketakeawayfoodhealthier.Yet,that'sfarfromenough.Thebestadviceyoumightwanttotakeistofindarecipebookandtrymakingyourownmeal.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Withthefastpaceofmodernlife,busypeopletendtoordertakeawayfoodwhenhungry.Widefoodchoicesandeasyorderingaremakingitmoreandmorepopular.However,takeawayfoodactuallycostsusalotfinanciallyandalsodoesgreatharmtoourhealth.Althoughreducingsalt,sugarandfatcanmaketakeawayfoodalittlehealthier,youarestillstronglyadvisedtocookingyourmealsbyrecipe.Writing4.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Aroundtheworld，musictherapy(療法）isbeingusedtotreatdifferentmedicalconditionsandillnesses.Someofthewayspeopleusemusictherapyaretoreducepain,suchasin

childbirthorduringcancertreatments,ortostimulatebrainactivityafteraninjury.Music

therapyhasalsobeensuccessfulinaidingchildrentoovercomedisabilities.Childrencan

movetheirbodieswiththemusicandstampalongtothebeat.Whyismusicausefultherapy?Beingcomfortingandrelaxing，musicstimulatesourbrains.Werespondtothesoundsofmusicemotionallyandphysically.Thecomplexityof

music(thedifferenttempos,rhythms，melodiesandharmonies)provokes(激發(fā)）thebiggest

response.Thus,classicalmusicismosttypicallyusedfortherapiesduetocomplexsounds

andpatterns.Althoughraporhiphopmightbefuntolistento,ifsunlikelythatsuchstylesof

musicwouldproducethesamekindoftherapeuticeffect.Playingamusicalinstrumentrather

thansimplylisteningtomusiccanalsobetherapeuticforsomepeople，helpingrelievestress

andanxiety.Havescientistsbeenabletoprovethatmusiccanhealdiseases?Musichasbeenshowntoreducepainbyincreasingthereleaseofendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽）.Endorphinsarethe

body'snaturalpainkillers,andwhenwelistentomusic,ourbrainsrespondbyreleasingthese

naturalpainkillers.Ithasalsobeenknowntocontributetothebraindevelopmentofthe

babieswhohavejustbeenbornandevenbabiesstillinthemother'swomb.Certaintypesof

musichavealsobeenfoundtolowerbloodpressureandslowaperson’sheartrate.Many

peoplearehopefulthatmusiccouldreplacetheneedforsomemedicinesthatarenormally

usedtotreatcertainillnesses.Atpresent,musictherapyisusedinavarietyofsettingssuchas

hospitals,rehabilitationcenters,nursinghomes,daycares,andschools.Althoughmusictherapyisnotyetconsideredamainstreamtreatment,itisrecognizedmoreandmoreasausefuladditiontotraditionaltreatment.Sonexttimeyouarefeelinglow

orstressedout,putonsomerelaxingmusicandletthemusichealyou.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Musictherapyisausefulwaytotreatvariousillnessesworldwide，especiallyforchildren.Thereasonisthatcomfortingmusicorplayingmusicalinstrumentscanactivateourbrainandhelpease

pressureandanxiety.Musichasalreadybeenprovedtogeneratepositiveeffectsof

reducingpain,developingthebabies’brain,loweringbloodpressureandslowingheartrate.Thoughmusictherapyisnotadoptedwidely,itisregardedasaneffectivehelpertotraditionaltreatmentWriting5.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Ifyouplantolearnaforeignlanguage,youmightthinkit'sgoingtobereallychallenging.You'veprobablyheardalotoftalksabouthowit'seasiertolearnlanguagesasayoungchild,andthatlearningasanadultcanbedifficult.Youmightevenknowfriendsorfamilymemberswhohavetriedtolearnaforeigntongueandfailed.That'sbecausetheyaresurroundedbythefailure.We'reheretocheeryouupwithsomegoodnewsandinspireyoutogetstarted.Canyoulearnlanguagesatanyage?Scientistsarealwayslearningabouthumanbrain.Decadesago,expertsbelievedthatthebraindevelopedduringchildhoodandthenstayedthatwayforlife.However,modernstudieshaveshownusthatthebrainhastheabilitytocontinuallyformnewneural(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)connectionsthroughoutadulthood.A2010Swedishstudytestedtwogroupsofpeople,oneintherangeofage21through30andanotherbetween65and80.Surprisingly,theyfoundnosignificantdifferencesinneuroplasticity(神經(jīng)可塑性).Inotherwords,thissuggeststhatit'spossibleforyoutolearnnewthingsatanyage.Researchalsosuggests.thatlearninglanguagesthroughoutadulthoodimprovestheadultbrainingeneral.Ina2012Chinesestudy,expertslookedatagroupofadultswhowerelearningMandarin(普通話)overanine-monthperiod.Theyfoundthattheseadultsshowedimprovementinthepartofthebrainthatallowsneuralcellstocommunicate.Thebetteryourneuralcellscommunicate,theeasieritwillbeforyoutolearnnewthings.Whymayadultshaveaneasiertimelearning?Childrenmighthaveanaturallyhighdegreeofneuroplasticity,butthatdoesn'tmeanlearningisnecessarilyeasierforthem.Infact,adultbrainshaveanumberofgreatqualitiesthat,mightactuallymakelearningeasier,especiallyifyoutakeadvantageoffreelanguagelearningappslikeMondly.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Itiscommonlythoughtthatlearningaforeignlanguageisreallyhardforadults.Butmodernstudieshaverevealedthatageisnotthelimitationtolearninginadulthood.Moreover,learningthroughoutadulthoodcanactivatebrainneuralcells,greatlybenefitingthebrain.Actually,adultslearnmoreeasilythankids,fortheirbrainshavemanycharacteristicsthatarebeneficialtolearning.Writing6.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Anoldsayinggoesthatanearneighborisbetterthanadistantcousin.Thissayinghasfullyprovedthatneighborsaresosignificantinourlife.Inthepast,neighborshelpedoneanotherbuildhousesandclearfields.Theycouldoffertimelyhelpwhensomeonewasintrouble.Familiesdependedononeanotherforfriendshipandentertainment.Theysharedhappinessandsorrowfromtimetotime,whichbroughtaharmoniousatmosphere.However,nowadays,lackofcommunicationandinteractionbetweenneighborsisanorm.Closerelationshipbetweenneighborsisnotcommoninourcities.Afamilymaynotevenknowtheotherfamiliesthatlivenextdoortothem.WeliveinanageofmachinesandtheInternet,andeachfamilyhaveitsowncar,TVset,andwashingmachine.Peoplenolongerdependonneighborsasmuchastheyoncedid.MachinesandtheInternetkeeppeopleapart.Inourgrandparents’time,womenmetwhiletheyhungoutthewashing,andmenstoppedandtalkedwhiletheymowedtheirlawns.Today,theycan’thearanythingabovethenoiseoftheirpowerlawnmowers.Andwomenstayinsidewiththeirelectricaldryers.ChildrenareinsidewatchingtheirfavoriteTVshowsorplayingcomputergames.Istheideaofbeingagoodneighborold-fashioned?In1965,apowercuthitNewYorkCity,andmanythousandsofpeoplewerelefthelpless.Suddenlyeveryonesharedthesameproblem,andthelargestcitybecameagroupofeightmillionneighbors.Peoplewithcarsofferedridestothosewalking.Otherpeoplehelpeddirecttraffic.Trappedinelevators,peopleplayedwordgamesandhelpedkeepeachotheringoodspirit.Intimesoftrouble,peoplestilldependononeanother.Astimegoeson,peoplemayonceagainfeelthatbeingagoodneighborisimportant.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Neighborsplayanimportantroleinourlife.(要點(diǎn)1）Inthepast,neighborshelpedoneanotherandlivedaharmoniouslife.（要點(diǎn)2）Admittedly,owingtodevicesandtheInternet,neighborsdriftapart,resultinginlittlecontactbetweeneachothernow.（要點(diǎn)3）Nevertheless,undergoingapowerfailureenabledresidentsinNewYorkCitytobecomeneighbors,andtheyassistedandencouragedoneanother,whichillustratesthesignificanceandpopularityofbeingagoodneighbor.（要點(diǎn)4）Writing7.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Childrenarestartingtocarrycellphonesatyoungerages.Inarecentstudy,22%ofkidsinprimaryschoolreportedhavingtheirowncellphonecomparedwith60%oftweensand84%ofteens.Likemanyparents,youmaywonderwhetheryourchildisreadyforacellphone.Asyoumightimagine,therearedifferentattitudestowardsit.Manyparentsconsidersafetyasthemainreasonforgivingtheirchildacellphone.Theywanttobeabletoreachtheirchildwhenevertheyneedto.Theyalsowanttogivetheirchildthesecurityofbeingabletoreachthemwheneverheneedsto.Thisisespeciallytrueifyourchildishomealoneafterschoolorwalkshomealone,saysBarbaraGreenberg,PhD,aclinicalpsychologistinFairfieldCounty,CT.However,ifyourchildhasacellphone,hehasaccesstowebsitesthatmaybeinappropriate.Hemayseecontentthatisviolentandcouldberelatedtodeathorsex."Lotsofkidshavefantasiesintheirmindaboutthingstheydon'tunderstand,"Greenbergsays.There'salsotheissueofinadequatesleep,Greenbergsays."Kidswithcellphonesarelikelytostayawakelat