打印-英語單詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的基本規(guī)律

打印-英語單詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的基本規(guī)律打印-英語單詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的基本規(guī)律打印-英語單詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的基本規(guī)律資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月打印-英語單詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的基本規(guī)律版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：英語單詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的基本規(guī)律動詞(v.)→名詞(n.)(a)詞形不變,詞性改變例如:work,study,water,plant等可以用作動詞(工作,學(xué)習(xí),澆水,種植),也可以用作名詞(工作,學(xué)習(xí),水,植物).(b)一些動詞在詞尾加上-er或-or之后就變成了表示"某一類人"的名詞例如:work—worker,teach—teacher,sing—singer,jump—jumper,play—player,learn—learner,visit—visitor,invent—inventor,collect—collector等.注意:1)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞,在詞尾加-r.例如:drive—driver,write—writer等.2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-er例如：run—runner,win—winner,begin—beginner等.(c)在動詞詞尾加上-ment變成名詞例如:achieve—achievement(成就)advertise—advertisement//advertising(廣告)agree—agreementdisgree—disagreementamuse—amusement(娛樂)improve—improvement(爭吵)commit(奉獻(xiàn))—commitmentdevelop—development(發(fā)展)depart—department(局,部)govern(統(tǒng)治)—government(政府)manage—management(管理)equip—equipment(裝備)有些單詞比較特殊,需把動詞后的e去掉再加ment.例如:argue—argument(爭論)(d)在動詞詞尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion變成名詞例如:attract—attraction;instruct—instruction;invent—inventiondiscuss—discussion;express—expressioneducate—education;graduate—graduation;operate—operation(去e再加"ion")compete—competition;organize—organization(把e改成其他字母再加"tion")decide—decisionconclude—conclusion(把de改為s再加"ion")describe—description描寫,描繪(這是特例,不規(guī)則變化)(e)在動詞詞尾加上-ance變成名詞例如:appear—appearance(外貌;出現(xiàn))perform—performance(演出)accept—acceptance(接受)(f)在動詞詞尾加-ing變成名詞(方法與動詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的方法相同)例如:meet—meetingbuild—buildingwait—waitingbathe—bathingsay—saying(諺語)mean—meaningend—endingtrain—trainingwash—washing注意:以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ing如:swim—swimmingshop—shoppingbegin—beginning(g)其他一些比較特殊的變化例如:Beg(乞討)—beggar(乞丐)behave(行為舉止)—behaviorknow(知道)—knowledge(知識)fly—flight(飛行)heat(加熱)—heat(熱量)hit(撞擊)—hit(轟動一時的人或物,碰撞)mix(混合)—mixture(混合物)press(按,壓)—pressure(壓力)sit(坐)—seat(座位)succeed—success(成功)tour—tour(旅游)/tourist(游客)2.動詞(v.)→形容詞(adj.)(a)動詞后面加able,以e結(jié)尾的動詞則去e加able,表示具有此性質(zhì),特點(diǎn)或?qū)傩?例如:afford－affordable；love－lovable(b)動詞后面加ed,以e結(jié)尾的動詞則直接加d,表示被動性的屬性或特點(diǎn).例如:scatter－scattereduse－used(c)不規(guī)則的動詞則必須記憶,記住其過去分詞形式.規(guī)律不大,意義同(b).3.名詞(n.)→形容詞(adj.)(a)在名詞后面加-y可以變成形容詞(尤其是一些與天氣有關(guān)的名詞)例如:rain—rainy,cloud—cloudy,wind—windy,snow—snowy,health—healthy,luck—lucky,anger—angryguilt—guilty(內(nèi)疚的)tourist—touristy(游客多的),salt(鹽)—salty(咸的)silk(絲綢)—silky(絲綢般的),sleep—sleepy(昏昏欲睡的)注意:1)如果以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且詞尾只有一個輔音字母,這時應(yīng)雙寫輔音字母再加"-y".如:sun—sunny,fun—funny,fog—foggy(有霧的),fur—furry(毛皮的)2)少數(shù)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~時,應(yīng)去掉e再加"-y".如:noise—noisy,ice—icy,shine—shiny(發(fā)亮的),taste(口味)—tasty(甜的)(b)名詞后面加-ed,以e結(jié)尾的直接加d.例如:spot(斑點(diǎn))—spotted(有斑點(diǎn)的);talent—talented(有天賦的)organize—organized有組織的;balance—balanced(平衡的)(c)一些抽象名詞在詞尾加-ful可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~例如:care—careful,thank—thankful,help—helpful,use—useful,meaning—meaningful(d)在名詞后加-less構(gòu)成含有否定意義的形容詞例如:care—careless(粗心的),use—useless(無用的)hope—hopeless(沒希望的)，home—homeless(無家可歸的)(e)一些以-ce結(jié)尾的名詞,把-ce改為-t變成形容詞例如:patience—patient,difference—different,silence—silent,confidence—confident,independence—independent(f).在名詞后加-ly變?yōu)樾稳菰~例如:friend—friendly,love—lovely,live---lively(g).在名詞后加-ous變?yōu)樾稳菰~例如:danger—dangerous(h)名詞后面加-al變?yōu)樾稳菰~例如:music—musical;medicine—medical(這個比較特殊)(i)名詞后面加-able變?yōu)樾稳菰~,如果以e結(jié)尾就去e再加"-able".例如:adjust—adjustable可調(diào)整的value—valuable有價值的(j)名詞后面加-en變成形容詞例如:wood—wooden木制的wool—woolen羊毛的(k)一些表示國家的名詞可以在詞尾加-ese,-ish或-n構(gòu)成表示國籍,語言的形容詞例如:China—Chinese,Japan—Japanese,England—English,America—American,India—Indian,Australia—Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)4..形容詞(adj.)→副詞(adv.)▲一般在形容詞的詞尾加-ly可以變成副詞例如:quick—quickly,slow—slowly,loud—loudly,sudden—suddenly等但是,以下幾點(diǎn)值得注意：(a)一些以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的形容詞,要把y改為i再加-ly例如:happy—happily,angry—angrily,lucky—luckily,heavy—heavily,noisy—noisily(b)有些以-ble或-le結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉e加-y例如:possible—possibly,terrible—terribly(c)少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞,要去掉e再加-ly例如:true—truly但