專題15 8BU7-牛津譯林版初中英語(yǔ)第二學(xué)期單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括及易錯(cuò)題分析（江蘇專用）

專題158BU7-牛津譯林版初中英語(yǔ)第二學(xué)期單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括及易錯(cuò)題分析單元話題InternationalcharitiesReading重點(diǎn)詞匯、詞組和句型Grammar一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各個(gè)注意點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括一、重點(diǎn)詞組、句型1.世界慈善組織internationalcharitiesORBIS奧比斯Oxfam樂(lè)施會(huì)UNICEF聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)WWF世界自然基金會(huì)AninjuredlargebirdwassavedbyBstaffinWestLakeNatureReserve,China..A.UNICEFB.WWFC.ProjectHopeD.ORBIS2治愈（結(jié)果）cure治療（過(guò)程）treat治療某人某病treatsbwith+病注意：80percentofthehospitalsareexcellent.80percentofthefoodiseatenbyTom3.我們很多病人負(fù)擔(dān)不了到醫(yī)院看病。Manyofourpatientscan’taffordtogotothospital.負(fù)擔(dān)地起做某事affordtodo.買(mǎi)得起…affordsth4.我很自豪幫助人們重見(jiàn)光明，改善生活。Iamproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.以….為自豪 beproudofsth做某事自豪 beproudtodo是…的驕傲 betheprideof5.分發(fā)傳單handoutleaflets--Howwillyouhelpwiththecharityshownextweek?--Wewill__B____leafletstoaskmorepeopletotakepartin.A.putout B.handoutC.runoutD.cutout---Jim,whereisyourhometown?Youmust___B__now.----Waitaminute,Sir.handonitB.handitinC.handinitD.handiton6.決定做某事makeupone’smindtodo7.詞形變化educateadj.教育—educationn.教育equaladj.平等的—equallyadv.平等地interviewn./v.采訪—interviewern.采訪者blindadj.失明的—blindnessn.失明mostadj.大部分—mostlyadv.主要地，大部分地medicaladj.醫(yī)學(xué)的—medicinen.醫(yī)學(xué),藥treatv.治療—treatmentn.治療o(wú)peratev.手術(shù)—operationn.手術(shù)proudadj.自豪的—priden.自豪readv.讀—readern.讀者developv.發(fā)展—developmentn.發(fā)展includev.包括—includingprep.包括organizev.組織—organizationn.組織Indian.印度—Indianadj.印度的，印度人的n.印度人officen.辦公室—officern.官員二、語(yǔ)法Grammar1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：（am/is/are+done）如：

Thisshirtiswashedonceaweek.這件T恤一周洗一次。

Iamaskedtostudyhard.我被要求努力學(xué)習(xí)。

Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.刀被用來(lái)割東西的。

Thesesongsareusuallysungbyboys.這些歌曲通常是男生唱的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

1）Brucewritesalettereveryweek.

→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.

2）Thisfactoryproducesmachinetools.

→Machinetoolsareproducedinthisfactory.

3）Theyoftenmakefunofher.

→Sheisoftenmadefunof.

4）Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.

→Ourclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.

5）Doyouwashyourclothesveryoften?

→Areyourclotheswashedveryoften?

6）MostpeopleintheUSAspeakEnglish.

→EnglishisspokenbymostpeopleintheUSA.

7)PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.

→Englishisspokeninmanycountries.

8)Doyouoftencleanyourroom?

→Isyourroomoftencleanedbyyou?用所給動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。Usuallythechildrenhere______aretaken_____(take)goodcareof.Theroom________iscleaned____(clean)everyday.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作承受者)+was/were+過(guò)去分詞(+by+施動(dòng)者)構(gòu)成。與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相比,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。句型格式：was/were+done例：IwastaughtbyMissZhaolastyear.

Thoseletterswerewrittenbyafamouswriter.那些信是由一位有名作家寫(xiě)的。用所給動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。Thecup__________waswashed___________(wash)yesterday.Thebook________waswritten________(write)byHanhantwoyearsago.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)=1\*GB3①要將主動(dòng)句里的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。=2\*GB3②把主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，主格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。=3\*GB3③謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作承受者+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者2．帶雙賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)=1\*GB3①謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)，也可以將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)；=2\*GB3②若將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)，則保留直接賓語(yǔ)；=3\*GB3③若將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)則保留間接賓語(yǔ)，且在被保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前加上介詞to或for；Shegavemeabook.(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Iwasgivenabookbyher.（間接賓語(yǔ)me改為了主語(yǔ)）Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接賓語(yǔ)abook改為了主語(yǔ)）3.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)許多由不及物動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語(yǔ)，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.4.to的“前世今生”在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，某些動(dòng)詞之后帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，即賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)充當(dāng)，to被省略，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，這個(gè)to還要還原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）▲有這種用法的常用動(dòng)詞有：一感二聽(tīng)三使四看，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to省略，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to還原。seesbdosth（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）sbbeseentodo（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）一感二聽(tīng)三使（使役動(dòng)詞）四看feelhear、listentomake、let、have（馬蘭花）see、watch、notice、observe5.初中階段不使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況A.系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)Thedishtastesdelicious.Theapplesmellssweet.B.某些說(shuō)明名詞本身性質(zhì)的動(dòng)詞。如wash,write,sell,readTheplayreadsbetterthanitacts.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.(耐洗)Thepenwritessmoothly寫(xiě)起來(lái)流利。Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.“sell”此處為不及物動(dòng)詞“銷(xiāo)售起來(lái)…..”作及物動(dòng)詞為“賣(mài)、出售”）C.Need+V-ing“需要被….”Mycarneedsrepairing.我的車(chē)需要修理D.Too…to句型Theboxistooheavytolife.E.不及物動(dòng)詞appear,disappear,fail,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto,rise等比較rise,fall,happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise,seat是及物動(dòng)詞。(錯(cuò))Thepricehasbeenrisen.(對(duì))Thepricehasrisen.(錯(cuò))Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(對(duì))Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(錯(cuò))Thepricehasraised.(對(duì))Thepricehasbeenraised.6.系表結(jié)構(gòu)PK被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有些“be+過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，它們有可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動(dòng)詞之后由過(guò)去分詞來(lái)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)）?！眅g:（1）

（2）三、詞組歸納1.internationalcharities 國(guó)際慈善機(jī)構(gòu)2.havesomepocketmoneyleft 還剩一些零花錢(qián)havefivekilometersleft 還剩下五千米3.It’stimeforlunch.=It’stimetohavelunch. 是吃午餐的時(shí)候了。4.haveabiglunch 吃一頓豐盛的午餐5.knowaboutacharitycalledUNICEF 了解名叫“聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)”慈善機(jī)構(gòu)6.helpbuildabetterworldforeveryone 幫助為每個(gè)人建立一個(gè)更好的世界7.providebasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas為貧困地區(qū)的兒童們提供基礎(chǔ)教育8.workfortheequalrightsofgirlsandwomen 為女孩和婦女的平等權(quán)利而工作9.preventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseasesamongyoungpeople預(yù)防年輕人中一些嚴(yán)重疾病的擴(kuò)散10.tellussomethingaboutblindness 告訴我們關(guān)于失明的一些事11.about80percentofthesecases 大約80%的病例12.havemoneyformedicaltreatment 有錢(qián)接受醫(yī)學(xué)治療13.useitsFlyingEyeHospitaltovisitpoorareas 用它的飛行眼科醫(yī)院來(lái)拜訪貧困地區(qū)14.volunteerdoctors 志愿者醫(yī)生15.beusedasatrainingcentre 被用作培訓(xùn)中心16.canaffordtodosth 支付得起做某事17.beinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations 被邀請(qǐng)到飛機(jī)上學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)于眼科手術(shù)18.teachthemnewskills 教他們新的技能19.duringmylastvisit 在我上一次訪問(wèn)期間20.dooperationsonsb/operateonsb 給某人做手術(shù)21.beproudtodosth 以…做某事而自豪beproudof… 以…為榮22.carryon(withsth) 繼續(xù)開(kāi)展，繼續(xù)下去23.Thankyouverymuchforyourtime. 非常感謝你的時(shí)間。24.cutaperson’sbodyopen 給某人開(kāi)刀25.theconditionofbeingunabletosee 不能看見(jiàn)東西的狀態(tài)26.treatpeoplewitheyeproblems 治療有眼疾的人27.manymorepeople 更多的人28.besetup被建立，被設(shè)立29.bepartoftheUnitedNations聯(lián)合國(guó)的一部分30.afterWorldWarⅡ第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后31.gettoothache牙疼32.lookpale看上去臉色蒼白33.haveacheck檢查一下34.helppoorpeoplewitheyeproblemsseeagain幫助患有眼疾的窮人重見(jiàn)光明35.makeupone’smindtodosth下定決心做某事36.attendthesecourses出席這些課程37.travelover300daysayear一年中超過(guò)300天都在旅游38.getusedtotravellingbyplane習(xí)慣于乘飛機(jī)旅行39.haveasmuchmoneyasbefore和以前有一樣多的錢(qián)40.usedtoworkonthefarmallday過(guò)去常常整日在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上工作41.learnabouttheconditionsofthelocalpeople了解當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兊那闆r42.enteraschool考入學(xué)校四、句型歸納1.Moremoneyisneededforcharity. 慈善事業(yè)需要更多的錢(qián)。2.I’mtooweaktowalkanyfurther. 我太虛弱了而不能走更遠(yuǎn)。3.Manyofourpatientscan’tafford/don’thavemoneytogotohospital,sowehavetogotothem.我們的許多病人沒(méi)錢(qián)去看病,所以我們不得不去他們那兒。4.Bytrainingthem,wehopetohelpmorepeople. 通過(guò)對(duì)他們進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，我們希望能幫助更多的人。5.I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.幫助人們重見(jiàn)光明并改善他們的生活我很自豪。6.Modernmedicineisdevelopingquicklyandnowmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbetreatedandcured.現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)正迅速發(fā)展,現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)的眼睛問(wèn)題和疾病能被治療并治愈。7.Butmoremoneyisneededtocarryonwithourwork.但是需要更多的錢(qián)來(lái)繼續(xù)我們的工作。Howlonghaveyoufeltlikethis?你像這樣多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?AlotofthingsaresoldinOxfamshops,includingbooks.很多東西在樂(lè)施會(huì)的商店里出售，包括書(shū)籍。10.Atthattime,manychildren’sliveswerechangedbecauseofthewar.在那時(shí)，許多孩子的生活因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭(zhēng)改變了。11.Youcanhelpbydonatingmoneyorworkingasavolunteer.你能通過(guò)捐款或者作為志愿者工作來(lái)幫助。易錯(cuò)題分析易錯(cuò)題分析語(yǔ)法部分：一、單項(xiàng)選擇（

）1.Shewasseen______atthistimeyesterday.

A.dance

B.dancing

C.danced

D.todance（

）2.Themeeting______at4thisafternoon.

A.began

B.willbegin

C.isbegun

D.willbebegin（

）3.Theman______formorethantenhoursaday.

A.madetowork

B.wasmadeworking

C.wasmadework

D.wasmadetowork（

）4.Theteachermust______carefullyinclass.

A.listen

B.belistened

C.belistenedto

D.belistening（

）5.Alotoftallbuildings________inourcitylastyear.

A.arebuilt

B.wasbuilt

C.werebuilt

D.canbebuilt（

）6.Ourclassroomiscleanandtidy.It________everyday.

A.iscleaned

B.iscleaning

C.cleans

D.cleaned（

）7.Howlongmaythisbook________?

A.bekeeping

B.kept

C.bekept

D.iskept（

）8.Whenyourhomework_______,pleasehanditin.

A.did

B.do

C.done

D.isdone

【答案】1–4BBDC

5–8CACD二、主動(dòng)被動(dòng)互變1.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.

________________________________________2.Thebikeisbeingrepaired.

(Aworker)

________________________________________3.HetaughtmeChineselastterm.

________________________________________4.Thereading–roommustbekeptclean.

________________________________________5.MumwillbuymeaT–shirttomorrow.

________________________________________6.Shewasseenreadingabook.

(I)________________________________________7.Theyletthedoggo.________________________________________8.Thebookshavebeentakenfromthelibrary.

(Thelittleboy)__________________________________【答案】1.

Englishisspokeninmanycountries(bypeople).2.

Aworkerisrepairingthebike3.Chinesewastaughttomebyhimlastterm.4.Thestudentsmustkeepthereading–roomclean.5.IwillbeboughtaT–shirtbyMumtomorrow./AT–shirtwillbeboughtformebyMumtomorrow.6.Isawherreadingabook.7.Theboyislettogobythem.8.Thelittleboyhastakenthebooksawayfromthelibrary.詞匯句型部分：一、單詞拼寫(xiě)1.IloveYangzhou,____________(尤其是)inspring.2.Someonehasleftawindowopen____________(粗心大意).3.Allthekidsweresurprisedwhentheyheardthatacowhasfour__________.(胃)4.Howlonghaveyou____________(借)thebook?5.Heispatientenoughto___________(解釋)thethingtous.6.Theyhavejusthada______________(discuss)aboutwheretospendtheirholidays.7.Whentheguestenteredthehall,MrsSmithstoodupandgreetedhim________(polite).8.Hewassotiredoutthathefoundhimself________（able）tomoveoutofthehotel.9.Livingtogetherwithmyfriendswasagreat__________.(pleasant)10.Somehusbandscarelessabouttheir______(wife)feelingsandseldomhelpthemdohousework.【答案】1-5especiallycarelesslystomachskeptexplain6-10discussionpolitelyunablepleasurewives’二、翻譯句子這些生來(lái)就有嚴(yán)重眼疾的女孩們看不起病所以指望政府捐錢(qián)給她們。Thegirls_____________________________________,so__________________________________________.【答案】bornwithseriouseyeproblemscan’taffordtogotohospital;theyhopethegovernmentdonatesmoneytothem.老師幾天前建議我為UNICEF募集資金。I_______________________________________________________.【答案】wasadvisedtoraisemoneyfortheUNICEFbymyteachertheotherday.3.他繼續(xù)為病人動(dòng)手術(shù)遇到了多大的困難??！What___________________________________________________!【答案】abigproblemhehascarryingonoperatingonthepatient4.我們應(yīng)該傳播知識(shí)來(lái)阻止人們傾倒垃圾到河流中。Knowledge__________________________________________.【答案】shouldbespreadbyustopreventpeoplepouringrubbishintorivers.5.志愿者們還未下定決心為如此多的非洲人提供免費(fèi)的醫(yī)學(xué)治療。Knowledge__________________________________________.【答案】Thevolunteershaven’tmadetheirmindtoofferfreetreatmentforsomanyAfricans這個(gè)男孩因?yàn)檠捞鄯艞壛擞^看精彩的慈善演出。_____________________________________________________.【答案】Theboygaveupwatchingtheamazingcharityshowbecauseoftoothache三、詞匯拼寫(xiě)1.TheInternetmakesthe（傳播）ofinformationbecomequickerandquicker.2.Therearemanybeautifulflowersinourschool,（尤其）inAprilandMay.3.Modernmedicineisdevelopingsoquicklythatmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbe___.(makeanillnessgoaway).4.DrWanghas（cutaperson’sbodyopentotakeoutorrepair）onthreepeoplewitharmproblemssince6a.m.5.Theweathersuddenlybecameverycold,sothereweremany（peoplewhoareill,especiallyinhospital）inthath