2023屆上海市盧灣高級中學高三下學期三模英語試題

PAGE2/22023屆上海市盧灣高級中學高三下學期三模英語試題(完成試卷時間：120分鐘 總分：140)=1\*ROMANI.ListeningComprehension(25%)SectionA(10%)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.At2:30p.m. B.At3:00p.m. C.At3:30p.m. D.At4:00p.m.2. A.TotheMainHall. B.Tothelibrary. C.Tothetheatre. D.TotheAdministrationbuilding.3. A.Acamera. B.Astore. C.Aform. D.Atable.4. A.Hewilldriveherhome. B.Hedoesn’tlikeredwine.C.Hewilldrinkwinelater. D.Hecan’tdrinkanywine.5. A.Theyhaverecentlyvisitedthepark. B.Theyaregoingcampingthisweekend.C.Theywilljointheoutdoorclubnextyear. D.Theyhavetochangetheirweekendplans.6. A.ThewomanwillgotoChinathisweekend. B.Thewomanofferstotreatthemantodinner.C.ThemanprefersotherfoodthanJapanesefood. D.Thewomanrefusestojointhemanfordinner.7. A.Takethemirrorbacktothestorenextweek. B.Lookforabiggermirroronsale.C.Leavewithoutbuyingthemirror. D.Hangapicturenexttothemirror.8. A.Negative. B.Neutral. C.Uninterested. D.Supportive.9. A.Heisstudyingtobeadoctor. B.Moreresearchneedstobecarriedout.C.Somenewmedicinemaybeavailablesoon. D.Hehasalreadytriedthenewwonderdrug.10. A.Hedidn’thearaboutthesurvey. B.Hejustgottheresultsofthesurvey.C.Hewantsto-makethedormabetterplaceforstudents.D.Hedoesn’twantthewomantofilloutthesurveyform.SectionB(15%)Directions:InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation，andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11. A.Heproducedahitmovie. B.Helearnedfromatalentedartist.C.Heplayedastarringroleinaplay. D.Hebecamethemanagerofatheatre.12. A.Screenwriter. B.Radiobroadcaster.C.Filmdirector. D.Magician.13. A.Heperformedpersuasively. B.Heperformedinpanic.C.Heperformedtooviolently. D.Heperformedunconsciously.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14. A.Heestablishedsomeprofessorships. B.Hesetuptheadministrationsystem.C.Hefoundedthefirstmodemuniversity. D.HeorderedstudentstolearnGreekandLatin.15. A.Theytalkwitheachother. B.Theyreadbookstoseektruth.C.Theyplaytricksoneachother. D.Theyimprovethewayofreasoning.16. A.Theuseoftheabstract. B.Thenatureofuniversals.C.Thewaytotellrightfromwrong. D.Theimportanceofindividualacts.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17. A.Anactor. B.Atrainer. C.ATVhost. D.Anathlete.18. A.TogotoChina. B.Tocelebratehisbirthday.C.Toprepareforacompetition. D.Toseeafriend.19. A.Heispersevering. B.Heisimmature.C.Heismodest D.Heisdominant.20. A.Hehasalreadywonagoldmedal. B.Hefeelsagreatsenseofpurpose.C.Hehasjustbecomeanadult. D.Helikesdaydreaming.II.GrammarandVocabulary(20%)SectionA(10%)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ANewWaytoLearnLanguagesNowadays,theInternetischangingthewaypeoplelearnlanguages.Thereisstillnowaytoavoidthehardworkthroughvocabularylistsandgrammarrules,butsincethebirthoftheInternet,books,tapesandevenCDs(21)_____(replace)byemail,videochatandsocialnetworks.Livemocha,aSeattle-basedcompany,hascreatedawebsitehelpingpeoplelearnmorethan38languagesbyexchangingmessagesovertheInternetandthen(22)_____(correct)eachother’smessages.Thelessons,(23)_____formtheyarein,aredeliveredonline.TheCEOofLivemochasaysthewebsite’sadvantageisthecontext(24)_____youmaypracticespeakingwitharealperson.“Thegreatironyisthatevenifyouhavelearnedaforeignlanguageintheclassroomforyears,youarenotconfident(25)_____(go)intoarestaurant,strikingupaconversation,”hesaid.Thecasualconnectionswithrealpeoplethroughouttheworldarenotjustfunandsurprisingbutrevealmoreabout(26)_____thelanguageisreallyused.Livemochaisnowexperimentingwithmanywaysthatresemblethegames(27)_____(find)onothersocialwebsitestomotivatepeople.Besides,eachpersoncansetupaprofile(28)_____includesashortself-descriptionandwhatlanguageheorshewouldliketolearn.Therefore,ifyouwanttolearnonelanguage,youwilleasilyfindmanypeoplefluentinthislanguage.Anditbecomes(29)_____(challenging)tofindastudypartner.Anemailortwoisallittakes.TherearemoreandmorecompanieslikeLivemochaofferingonlinelanguagelearningtostudentsthroughouttheworld.(30)__________merelyhelpingpeoplepracticedifferentlanguages,theyalsoenablepeopletoshareinterestsandmakenewfriendsSectionB(10%)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.adaptableB.classicC.determinedD.effectivelyE.fundamentallyF.immediatelyG.sidewaysH.stretchedI.survivalJ.undersideK.uprightWhyAreTreesTree-shaped?Whilerunningthroughaleafyparkdaysago,Ipasseddozensoftreespeciesofdifferentsizesandages,andIwassuddenlystruckbyhow31similartheywere.Widetrunkssplitintosmallerbranchesinthesamesortofway.Youcouldguesstheheightofatreejustbylookingathowwideitstrunkis.Wewouldnotice32ifsomeonedrewatreewithbranchesthatweretoowideoratrunkthatwastoothin.Whatmakesatreelooklikeatree? Maximisingthesunlighthittingthetree’sleavesisobviouslycriticalforthetree’s33.Butthesizeandshapeofthebranchesislargely34byadifferentstandards:atreemustbestrongenoughtostaystanding35,possiblyforcenturies. Imagineanoaktree,withbranchesreaching36offthemaintrunk.Eachbranchhastosupportitsownconsiderableweight,sothewoodinitslowerhalfisslightlycompressedandthetophalfisbeing37.Thattoplayerofabranchtakestheweightofthebranch.Andaparticulartypeofwoodhasgrowntheretodothatjob.It’scalledreactionwood,becauseitformedasreinforcement(增強)totaketheincreasingweightasthebranchgrew.Thetreesthatreinforceontopthebranchesarethe“l(fā)ollipop”ones:38branchingspecieslikeoaks. Butthereisanotherwayofsolvingthatproblem.Sometreesgrowtheirreinforcingreactionwoodonthe39instead,sothebranchispushedup,ratherthanpulledfromabove.Itworks,butnotas40,sothesetreescan’tsupportlargesidebranches.Theonesthatreinforceunderneathhaveathicktrunkwithmuchsmallersidebranches,andtheygrowtobeconical—someexamplesofthesetreesarepinesandfirs.oakpinefirIII.ReadingComprehension(45%)SectionA(15%)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Forastart,we’renotsurewhatartificialintelligence(AI)is,whichcomplicatesoureveryconversationaboutwhateffectitwillhaveonourlives.Wecan’tevenreally41whatintelligenceisinhumans,wheretheconversationinevitablygoesawayfromscienceandintophilosophy.Asneitherascientistnoraphilosopher,butwithdecadesofpersonalexperienceonthefrontlinesofbothhumanandmachinecognition(認知),Iprefertofocusonthe42.AIwillbethegreatesttechnologicaladvancesincetheInternetturnedtheworldintoalivingstreamofdata.Itwilleventuallybemore43thantheInternet,changingeverypartofourlivesinseenandunseenways.Andit’salready44.Frommedicaldiagnosistoinvestmentbanking,fromhiringstafftoeducatingourchildren,theseincreasingly45systemsarechangingtheworld.Whetheryoufindthisterrifyingorwonderfulisimportant,becausepublic46driveseducation,investment,andregulation,makingtheoutcomeatypeofself-fulfillingpromise.47,ifpeoplefindtherapidadvanceofintelligentmachinesterrifyinginsteadofwonderful,itwon’tstopit,butitcouldmaketheoutcomemuchworse.Powerfulnewtechnologynearlyalwayscausesdistressbeforeproducingbroadbenefits.Byslowingdownourprogressoutofunreasoning48,welengthenthedistressstagebydelayingthenextwavesofbreakthroughsneededtoproducethebroaderbenefits.Therearerealandimmediate49abouttheincreaseinintelligentmachines,especiallyautonomousones.Risinginequalityifautomationhitslower-incomepeopleharder,personaldatabeingusedimproperlybycompanies…Noneoftheseissuescomeanywhereclosetoanexistentialthreat–thekillerrobotsofHollywoodorthesuper-intelligentAIthatseesnoreasonto50.It’sasifeveryonewerecuriousabouthowwemightallonedaybekilledbyrobots.AsamemberoftheexecutiveboardoftheFoundationforResponsibleRoboticsandasasecurityambassadorforAvastSoftware,I’vebecomealltoo51therealthreatswemaybefacedwithduetotheseAI-enhancedmachines.AndI’mgladthatgreatmindslikeStephenHawkingandElonMuskarevoicingtheirconcerns,andthattopAIauthoritieslikeNickBostromaremappingoutthe52possibilities.Afterall,welivewithnuclearpowerthatcouldliterallydestroytheplanet,andwecertainlywantittobemonitoredandused53.Butlikeallourinventions,AIiscapableofbeingusedforgoodorevil.54matters,andsomakingbetterhumanswillalwaysbemoreimportantthanmakingsmartermachines.Aboveall,wemustkeep55,becausetheonlysolutionfortheproblemscausedbytoday’stechnologyistomorrow’s.41.A.tellapart B.disapproveof C.glanceat D.agreeon42.A.theoretical B.practical C.physical D.mental43.A.specialized B.transformative C.predictable D.irrelevant44.A.happening B.misleading C.worsening D.changing45.A.intense B.annoying C.capable D.simple46.A.health B.image C.service D.opinion47.A.Inshort B.What’smore C.Thatis D.Asaresult48.A.fear B.deed C.manner D.passion49.A.rumors B.remarks C.mysteries D.concerns50.A.takehumansin B.keephumansaround C.givehumansup D.puthumansaway51.A.familiarwith B.ignorantof C.superiorto D.unhappyabout52.A.newest B.best C.oldest D.worst53.A.occasionally B.responsibly C.immediately D.genuinely54.A.Technology B.Morality C.Intelligence D.Automation55.A.movingforward B.lookingupon C.calmingdown D.runningawaySectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A) Asaboy,whenJonnyKinkeadwasn’tmakingthingsusingthetoolsinhisdad’sgarage,hewasmessingaboutwithaguitar.Andthetwopre-occupationshavebeenhislivingforthepastfourdecades:buildingsteel-stringguitarsbyhand.‘Theguitarstillappealstome,’hesays.‘Makingasoundoutofwood—it’samazingwhatyoucando.’ Jonnylearnedtoplayhisbrother’sguitarwhenhewaseleven.Then,whenhewassixteen,hewantedtolearnthebassguitar.‘Somepeoplewouldhavegotaholidayjobandsavedupandboughtone,’hesays.‘ButIwasofamindsetthatifyouwantedsomething,youmadeit.’ AlthoughthebasswasthefirstinstrumentJonnybuiltfromnothing,heandhisbrothershadlongbeendoingessentiallythesamethingwithotheritems.‘Imademodelboatsandaeroplanesasachild,soIwasfamiliarwiththatprocess.Myfatherhadtaughtmeandmybrothershowtousetools,andwehadfreematerialsinthegarage.’Jonnyhadalsobeencustomizingandrepairinginstrumentsforhismates. Jonny’sbassguitarturnedoutwell,buttheideaofacareerbuildingguitarshadyettocrosshismind.‘Myambitionthenwastobeasculptor,’hesays.Hisinterestsevolvedfurtherandonfinishingschool,hechosetostudyarchitectureatuniversity.Halfwaythroughthecourse,however,hedroppedout,butleftwithaclearerideaofwhathewantedtodoandstartedtothinkseriouslyaboutguitarmaking.‘IwasstillinterestedinpaintingandsculpturebutIrealizedthatwhenyouarebuildingguitars,you’reactuallysculptingsound.’Inaddition,heexplains,‘Ithoughtthismightbemorereliablethanbeinganartistasit’scraft-based.’ Eversincethen,Jonnyhasmadeguitarsforaliving.Forthefirsttenyears,headdedtohisincomebycleaningwindowspart-time.Thefirstguitarshesoldonlywentforthecostofthematerials,butashedevelopedareputationasoneofthebestguitar-makersaround,hewasabletochargealittlemore.Butevennow,almostfortyyearslater,Jonnydescribeswhathedoesas‘stillscratchingaliving’.Headmitshecanneveractuallyturnoutmorethantenguitarsayear,whichinevitablyrestrictshisearnings.56.WhydidJonnychoosetomakeabassguitarforhimselfinhisteens?A.Heregardeditasthenaturalthingtodo.B.Hefearedthathewouldnotbeabletoaffordone.C.Hesawitasgoodpracticeformakingotherguitars.D.Hethoughthecouldensureitwasinthestylehewanted.57.Inparagraph3,“thatprocess”refersto_____.A.doingsomefavoursforfriends B.cooperatingwithhisbrothersC.creatingsomethingfromnothing D.gettingtoolsandmaterialsready58.WhatdoesJonnysayaboutthearchitecturecourseheattended?A.Itgavehimthechancetoexploredifferenttypesofart.B.Ithelpedhimbecomefinanciallyindependent.C.Itprovidedhimwithideasforguitardesign.D.Itenabledhimtodecideonacareerpath.59.Jonnysuggeststhatthemainreasonforhislowincomeis_____.A.thehighcostofthematerialshemakesguitarswithB.thesmallnumberofguitarsthatheproducesC.thelimiteddemandforhand-madeguitarsD.thecompetitionbetweenguitar-makers(B)Whenasharpchestpainwokemeuparound3A.M.,Ihadtheobviousquestion:Wasthistrulypanic-worthy?Ithoughtaboutdialing911,butthenInoticedthat…well,thepainwasontherightsideofmychestratherthantheleft.Mybreathingwasn’tlabored.Myheartwasn’tbeatingfast.Solikemillionsbeforeme,Icomparedmysymptomswiththoseonthesearchengine.Ontopofthescreenwasanarticleentitled“16CausesofRightSideChestPain.”Bingo,Ithought—exceptitwasanad.Imovedontotheactualsearchresults,whichwereheadlined“17CausesofPainintheRightSideoftheChest”and“26CausesofChestPain&Tightness.”WhenIgotto“3TypesofChestPainThatWon’tKillYou,”Istartedwondering:Whatwerealltheseweirdarticles?Thetitleswereaboutmakinguseofsearchengine’salgorithm(算法)tograbpeople’sattentionattheirweakmoments.Thisiscalledsearch-engineoptimization,orSEO:theartandscienceofengineeringforhigherplacementinthesearchresultsandgettingpeopletoclickonthelinks.Unlikealotof“medicalinformation”online,SEOitselfisinfactbasedonthescientificmethodcalledstand-out.Wenoticethingsthatstandout—likeoddlyprecisenumbers.Istillneededinformation,though,soIclickedonaresultfromWebMD.Ihadseenthatsitebefore,anditdidn’tseemlikeitcontainedfakeinformation.IwasbarelyaparagraphortwoinwhenInoticedlinksaboutlungcancersymptoms.Huh?Lungcanceroftencausesnopainuntilitslaterstages.ThenIrealizedthattheinformationaboutlungcancerwasanad,butthe“ad”signwasbarelynoticeable.Duringanemergencyitisobviouslynotthebesttimetoscarepeopleintoclickinglinksforunlikelydiseases.Indeed,ifyouclickedonthese“l(fā)ungcancersymptoms,”thebrowsertookyoueventuallytoasiteadvertisingalungcancermedicine.Ugh.Havingmedicalinformationonlinebefinancedbyadvertisersordrugcompanies—orsupplementmanufacturers—iscertainlynothealthy.Theyoftenhaveanincentive(動機)toscareus.It’salose-losesituation.Sometimeswedoneedtobeworriedandseekmedicalcare.Othertimesit’sjustfearmongeringclicks.Butwhocantellwhenoneisincrisis?60.Whentheauthorsearchedhersymptomsonline,shewastryingtofindoutwhether_____.A.sheneededtocallforanambulanceimmediatelyB.sheshouldvisitamedicalprofessionalforadviceC.therewasaneffectivemedicineforherchestpainD.herpainwasasignofsomekindofheartproblem16CausesofPainintheRightSideoftheChestthatWon’tKillYou61.AccordingtoSEO,whichpartofthefollowingarticle16CausesofPainintheRightSideoftheChestthatWon’tKillYouA.“16.” B.“CausesofPain.”C.“RightSideoftheChest.” D.“KillYou.”62.WhatisthemainproblemoftheWebMDaccordingtotheauthor?A.Itsinformationistooscaryandworryingforbrowsers.B.Itisnotaspecializedwebsiteoflungcancersymptoms.C.Itisnotdesignedfortreatingemergencysituations.D.Itisprobablysponsoredbymedicalcompanies.(C)OnJune22,1927,CharlesLindberghflewintoDayton,OhiooftheUS,fordinneratOrvilleWright’shouse.Ithadbeenjustamonthsincetheyoungaviator(飛行家)completedthefirsteversolononstopcrossingoftheAtlantic,andhefeltheoughttopayhisrespectstothecelebratedpioneerofflight.Forty-twoyearslater,onJuly16,1969,Apollo11astronautNeilArmstrongwasallowedtobringapersonalguesttotheKennedySpaceCentertowitnessthelaunchofNASA’stoweringSaturnVrocket.Armstronginvitedhishero,CharlesLindbergh.Oneman,Lindbergh,couldbethelivinglinkbetweenthepilotofthefirstpoweredflightandthecommanderofthefirstmissiontoanotherworld.Inourcentury,forbetterorworse,progressisn’twhatitusedtobe.NorthwesternUniversityeconomistRobertGordonarguesthatby1970,allthekeytechnologiesofmodernlifewereinplace:electricity,mechanizedagriculture,highways,airtravel,telecommunications,andthelike.Afterthat,innovationandeconomicgrowthsimplycouldn’tkeepgoingatthebreakneckpacesetovertheprevious100years—aperiodGordoncalls“thespecialcentury.”Since1970theonlynotablecreationhasbeentheever-growingincreaseincomputingpowerintheformoftheInternetandourmobiledevices.Butinmostotherways,Gordonargues,thelivesofpeopleindevelopednationslookandfeelthesamein2019astheydidin1979or1989.Considerconsumerrobotics.There’senormouspotentialforrobotstohelpuswithhousework,education,entertainmentandmedicalcare.Buthomeroboticscompaniesseemtokeepfolding.Sofar,theonlycommerciallysuccessfulhomerobot,theRoombavacuumcleaner,hitthemarketin2002.Orconsideraccesstospace.In2007theXPRIZEFoundationoffered$30millioninprizestocommercialteamsthatwouldcompetetolandaroboticroveronthemoonby2018.Althoughfiveteamshadbuiltrovers,allhadtroubleraisingenoughmoneytobuylaunchcontracts.Meanwhilethelistofpotentiallyworld-changingtechnologiesthatgetlotsofpressinkbutremainstubbornlyintheprototype(雛形)phaseisverylong.Self-drivingcars,flyingcars,genetherapy,nuclearfusion.NeedIcontinue?Granted,theseareallhardproblems.Buthistorically,solvingthereallybigproblems—ruralelectrification,forexample—hasrequiredsustained,large-scaleinvestments,oftenwithprivatemarketsandtaxpayerssplittingtheburden.Inthiscentury,weurgentlyneedtoundosomeoftheconsequencesofthelastgreatboombydevelopingaffordablezero-andnegative-emissionstechnologies.That’sanotherhardproblem—andtosolveit,we’llneedtorecapturesomeofwhatmadethe“specialcentury”sospecial.63.Inthebeginningofthepassage,theauthorusedthestoryCharlesLindbergto_____.A.explaintechnologyadvancedfastinthepast100yearsB.infermostaviatorsarelikelytoknoweachotherwellC.provethismanwasakeyhistoricfigureofthepastcenturyD.pointoutweshouldbegratefultosuchapioneeringinventor64.WhydoesRobertGordoncallthepast100years“thespecialcentury”?A.Computingpowerkeepsgrowingatahighspeed.B.Newthingskeepcominguptomakelifeeasier.C.Humanlifehasbecomehighlymechanized.D.Peoplehavebeentrainedtobemorecreative.65.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleofaccesstospaceinparagraph7?A.Biginnovationscan’tbeachievedwithoutconstantfinancialsupport.B.Technologicaldevelopmentcan’tbegainedifitisnotappliedpractically.C.Scientificprojectsarenotconsideredvaluableunlesscommerciallysuccessful.D.Newcreationsarenotworthmakingunlesssignificantlyimprovingpeople’slives.66.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?A.Sustainedandlarge-scaleinvestmentsarehardertogetnowthanbefore.B.Peoplearefacingatimewithmoredifficultproblemsthanitusedtobe.C.Majortechnologicalshiftsarefewerandfartherbetweenthantheywere.D.Solutionstothereallybigproblemsarefewerthanwecouldexpect.SectionC(10%)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Dreamingisonlyeffectiveifyoufollowitupwithaction,whetheryou’rebrainstorminganewbusinessmodelorimagininghowtogrowyourcompany.Failurecanbeadrivingforce:onethatfreesyoufromfearandencouragesyoutopursuewhatyouwantmost.Intoday’sfast-movingworld,onewithgreattechnologicaladvancementsandculturalshiftsstillneedstobepreparedtolearn,adapt,andstartoverifnecessary.It’smoreimportanttodevelopcreativebusinessmodelsthatturnprofitsandsolveproblems.Theonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.Theirwordsareguaranteedtomotivateyoutothinkcriticallyaboutyourbusiness.LessonsfromCommencementSpeechesAsabusinessowner,youprobablydon’tlooktocollegecommencementspeechesasasourceofinspirationwhenyou’refeelingfrustratedordefeated—butyoushould.Herearethreeuniversitycommencementspeechesdeliveredbysuccessfulindividualsfromavarietyoffields.671.Getcomfortablewithchange/JimmyIovine,USC,2014Musicmogul(大亨)JimmyIovine’smainadviceistogetcomfortablewithchangeandthefearthatcomeswithit.Inhisspeech,Iovineexplainsthathelearnedhisgreatestlifelessonwhenherealizedthesuccessfulrecordcompany,hebuiltcouldn’tcompetewiththenewindustrymodelofdownloadingfreemusic.Hehadachoice:getonboardorgetleftbehind.682.Buildbusinessesthatdogood/BillGates,HarvardUniversity,2007BillGates,founderofMicrosoft,usesthisspeechtoposeaquestionheaskshimself:Howcanyoudothemostgoodforthegreatestamountofpeoplewiththeresourcesyouhave?Foryears,Gateswasunawareofthemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldlivinginpovertyandbattlingdiseases.Onceherealizedhecouldhelp,hechangedhisapproachtobusiness.Pursuinginnovationandadvancementisimportant.69GatestellsHarvard,“Humanity’sgreatestadvancesarenotinitsdiscoveries—butinhowthosediscoveriesareappliedtoreduceinequity.”3.Spendlesstimedreamingandmoretimedoing/ShondaRhimes,Dartmouth,2014Ifyoufeelbeatenbythedreamsyouhaveforyourbusiness,thisspeechwillsetyoustraight.AuthorandTVshowproducerShondaRhimestellstheDartmouthgraduates,“Whilesomearebusydreaming,thereallyhappypeople,thereallysuccessfulpeople,thereallyinteresting,engaged,powerfulpeople,arebusydoing.”70Youdon’tevenneedtoknowexactlywhatyouwanttodo.Rhimessaysthemostimportantthingistostayopentopossibilitiesandjuststartsomewhere.IV.SummaryWriting(10%)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71. WearingHelmetSomekidsridethroughcitybicyclelaneslikeaprofessional,andotherssetoutalonedownquietcountrylanes.However,everyday,anaverageofmorethan500childrenwithbike-relatedinjuriesaretreatedinU.S.emergencydepartments,accordingtoan

analysisofinjurydatafrom2006to2015.Thosewearinghelmetsweresignificantlylesslikelytohaveheadandneckinjuries,thestudyfound.Andalthoughchildrentendtowearhelmetsmoreconsistentlythanadults,manystillridewithoutone.Alongwithcallingforsafer,morebike-friendlystreets,it’simportanttochooseahelmetthatwillhelpprotectyourchildfrominjuryinafalloracrash.Whenyou’rechoosingahelmet,focusprimarilyon

ensuringthecorrectfit.“Apoorfitwillimpacttheprotectionahelmetcanprovide,”saysAngelaLumba-Brown,anemergencymedicinephysicianatStanfordHealthCare.Thebestwaytofindtherightsizeistotakeyourchildintoabikeshopandhavethemtryonhelmetswithasalesassociatewho’sfamiliarwiththeoptions,saysBradBowman,productmanageratGregg’sCycle.Ifyouchoosetobuyonline,Bowmansuggestsmeasuringyourchild’sheadwithflexiblemeasuringtapeaboutaninchabovetheeyebrowsbeforechoosingasize.Helmetsizesaremeasuredbyheadcircumference(圓周),andhelmetsusuallycomewithadjustabledialstoaccommodatearangeofcircumferences.Fore