2024-2025學年新教材高中英語UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking學案含解析新人教版必修第一冊

PAGEUNIT4NATURALDISASTERS5·12汶川地震，發(fā)生于2008年5月12日(星期一)14時28分04秒，依據(jù)中華人民共和國地震局的數(shù)據(jù)，此次震級達8.0級，地震波及大半個中國及亞洲多個國家和地區(qū)，北至遼寧，東至上海，南至香港、澳門、泰國、越南，西至巴基斯坦均有震感。5·12汶川地震嚴峻破壞地區(qū)超過10萬平方千米，其中，極重災區(qū)共10個縣(市)，較重災區(qū)共41個縣(市)，一般災區(qū)共186個縣(市)。截至2008年9月18日12時，5·12汶川地震共造成69227人死亡，374643人受傷，17923人失蹤，是中華人民共和國成立以來破壞力最大的地震，也是唐山大地震后傷亡最嚴峻的一次地震。經(jīng)國務院批準，自2009年起，每年5月12日為全國“防災減災日”。BBCNewsaboutWenchuanEarthquakeApowerfulearthquakeinChinaisfearedtohavekilledthousandsofpeopleinthesouthwesternprovinceofSichuan.TheofficialnewsagencyXinhuasaysnearlytenthousandpeoplemayhavedied,withmanymoreburiedandinjured.Inonecounty,mostofthebuildingsarereportedtohavecollapsed(倒塌).MichaelBristowsentthisreportfromwestern“ThisisthebiggestearthquaketohitChinainmorethan30years.Thousandsarealreadyconfirmed(證明)dead.Chinesestatemediaarereportingthat900middleschoolchildrenwereburiedwhentheirschoolcollapsed.Atleast50areknowntohavedied.80%ofthebuildingsinonecountyalonehavecollapsed,andupto5000peopletherearefeareddead.Theearthquakestruckjustbefore2：30thisafternoon.Theepicenter(震中)wasinthemountainousWenchuancountyinSichuanprovince.”Andtodaymarksthe11thanniversaryoftheterribleearthquakethatstruckWenchuanCountyinsouthwestChina'sSichuanprovince.TheearthquakewasthestrongesttohitChinasince1950.Atleast87,000peoplewerekilledordeclaredmissinginthedisaster.Theearthquakeleftmorepeoplehomelessthananyothertremor(微震)inrecordedhistory.Atleast4,800,000peoplerequiredshelteraftertheirhomesweredestroyed.However,theimpact(影響)oftheSichuanquakewasnotonlyfeltthroughthedeathtoll(傷亡人數(shù))—italsoresultedinsignificanteconomicloss.ButWenchuanhasbegunhugereconstructionsince2008.Itisestimated(估算)about885billionRMB,or137billionUSdollarshavebeenspentonrebuildingtheaffectedarea.開啟歡樂學習之旅地震是地殼快速釋放能量過程中造成的振動，期間會產(chǎn)生地震波的一種自然現(xiàn)象。地球上板塊與板塊之間相互擠壓碰撞，造成板塊邊沿及板塊內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生錯動和裂開，是引起地震的主要緣由。地震經(jīng)常造成嚴峻的人員傷亡，能引起火災、水災、有毒氣體泄漏、細菌及放射性物質(zhì)擴散，還可能造成海嘯、滑坡、倒塌、地裂縫等次生災難。當前的科技水平尚無法預料地震的到來，將來相當長的一段時間內(nèi)，地震也是無法預料的。所謂勝利預料地震的例子，基本都是巧合。對于地震，我們更應當做的是提高建筑抗震等級、做好防衛(wèi)，而不是預料。模塊核心素養(yǎng)導航SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinkingⅠ.重點單詞1．disastern．災難；災難2．droughtn．旱災；久旱3．slidevi.&vt.4．floodn．洪水；大量vi.沉沒；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；沉沒→floodedadj.洪水泛濫的5．rescuen．&vt.營救；救援6．damagevt.損害；破壞n．損壞；損失7．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過→survivorn．生還者→survivaln．幸存；殘存；殘存物8．destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅9．deathn．死；死亡10．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動11．sheltern．避難處；居所；庇護vt.愛護；掩藏vi.躲避(風雨或危急)12．ruinn．&vt.破壞；毀壞13．percentn．百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中→percentagen．百分率；百分比14．brickn．磚；磚塊15．metaln．金屬→modeln．模特；模范；榜樣→medaln．獎章；勛章；紀念章→median．新聞媒體；傳媒16．shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→shockedadj.感到震驚的→shockingadj.令人震驚的17．electricityn．電；電能→electricadj.電動的，用電的→electricaladj.與(用)電有關的；電氣科學的→electronicadj.電子的18．trapvt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套n．險境；陷阱19．buryvt.安葬；安葬20．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸；氣息→breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的→breathlesslyadv.氣喘吁吁地；上氣不接下氣地21．effortn．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力→effortlessadj.不需費勁的22．unifyvi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體23．wisdomn．才智；才智→wiseadj.有才智的；英明的；明智的→wiselyadv.明智地；精明地24．contextn．上下文；語境；背景25．suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦→sufferingn．難受；苦痛；苦難；熬煎Ⅱ.重點短語1．writedown寫下；登記2．referto指的是；參考3．thinkabout考慮4．setup搭起；建立5．a(chǎn)tleast至少6．a(chǎn)susual像平常一樣7．a(chǎn)sif似乎；似乎；仿佛8．cometoanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)9．inruins嚴峻受損；破敗不堪10．thenumberof……的數(shù)目11．nothingbut除……以外什么也不；只有；只不過12．tensofthousandsof數(shù)以萬計的13．inshock震驚；驚訝14．digout掘出；發(fā)覺15．lookup抬頭看，查閱16．sufferfrom患……疾??；受……之苦Ⅲ.重點句型1．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞甚至豬都驚慌得不敢吃食，狗也拒絕進入建筑物中。2．Miceranoutofthefieldslooking_forplacestohide，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.老鼠從田地里跑出來找地方藏身，魚也從水中跳出來。3．Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!世界末日似乎到了！4．Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.居住在那兒的人有三分之二死亡或受傷。5．Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上萬個孩子變成了孤兒。6．Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.地震中死亡和重傷的人數(shù)超過40萬。7．Everywheresurvivorslooked，therewasnothingbutruins.生還者目及之處無一不是廢墟。eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())landsliden.山地或懸崖的倒塌；滑坡slidevi.&vt.使滑行；滑動；使靜靜移動vi.下滑，下跌；漸漸敗壞n.滑動；滑道；滑梯；幻燈片[典型例句]Francescaslidacrosstheice.弗朗西絲卡從冰面上滑過。Isawamanslidingonabananaskin.我看到有個人踩在香蕉皮上滑了一下。[思維拓展]slideinto/outof溜進/出……slideo/outof靜靜把……放進/拿出Sheslidoutoftheroomwhilenoonewaslooking.她趁著沒人留意溜出了房間。Thecarwentintoaslideontheicyroad.汽車在結(jié)冰的路面上打滑了。留意：slide的過去式、過去分詞是slid，slid。[即學即練]Heslidintothegardenwithoutbeingseen.2eq\a\vs4\al(rescuen.&vt.營救；救援)[典型例句]Wehadgivenupthehopeofrescue.我們那時已經(jīng)放棄了營救的希望。Werescuedhimfromtheenemy'scamp.我們把他從敵營中救了出來。[思維拓展]rescue...from...把……從……中營救出來come/gotoone'srescue設法營救某人[即學即練]Thefiremensucceededinrescuing(rescue)threewomenfromtheburninghouse.3eq\a\vs4\al(damagevt.損害；破壞n.損壞；損失)[典型例句]Theearthquakedamagedseveralbuildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破壞。Youhavedamagedmybicycle.Youwon'thaveitagain.你把我的自行車弄壞了。你別想再用了。Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewillcausedamagetoyourstomach.一次吃太多肉會對你的胃造成損害。[易混辨析]damage，destroy，ruindamage，destroy和ruin這三個單詞均表示“破壞”“損壞”的意思，但各自的含義和用法不同。damage指部分“損壞”“損害”“破壞”或指運用價值有所降低。它可以用作動詞，也可以用作名詞，用作名詞時常與tosomething連用。如：Hundredsofhousesintheareaweredamagedbythestorm.暴風雨毀壞了這個地區(qū)數(shù)以百計的房屋。Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetohiscar.這次車禍使他的車受到很大的損壞。destroy只能用作動詞，指徹底破壞，以致不行能修復，常作“破壞”“毀滅”解，也可以指希望、安排等破滅。如：Theearthquakedestroyedalmostthewholetown.地震幾乎毀滅了整個城鎮(zhèn)。Hishopeofbeingawriterwasdestroyed.他想成為一個作家的希望破滅了。ruin則表示破壞嚴峻，以致不能修復，但這種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅某物，而是強調(diào)致使該物的運用價值發(fā)生了問題。用作動詞時，它作“使毀滅”“使崩潰”“弄糟”解；用作名詞時，它表示“毀滅”“瓦解”“廢墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。如：Thefireruinedthecastle.那場大火把城堡夷為廢墟。Thehousehasfallenintoruin.房子倒塌了。Thecompanyisfacingruin.這家公司面臨破產(chǎn)。[思維拓展]cause/dodamageto＝damage(v.)損害，損傷doharmto＝beharmfulto＝bebadfor對……造成損害/有害處dogoodtosb.＝dosb.good＝begoodforsb.對……有好處dowrongto冤屈，冤枉begoodto＝bekindto對……好心dowellin＝begoodat擅長；bebad/poorat＝beweakin不擅長[即學即練]Factsshowthattheycandogreatdamagetoourcauseandthattheyhavealreadydoneso.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(survivorn.生還者；生還者,survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難渡過；比某人長壽)[典型例句]Shesurvivedherhusbandbytwentyyears.她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。Onlytwopassengerssurvivedtheaircrash.這次飛機失事只有兩名乘客幸免于難。Manystrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.有很多驚異的習俗是從早年留存下來的。[思維拓展]survivesb.(by)比某人活得長(幾年)survivetheaccident(crash,earthquake)從事故(墜機、地震)中生還survivefromsth.從……存活下來；流傳下來surviveon...靠……維持生活，靠……存活下來survivaln．幸存；殘存；殘存物survivorn．生還者[誤區(qū)警示]survive多用作不及物動詞，作及物動詞時，假如是“比……活得長”的意思，后面可跟“人”作賓語，假如是“從……中生還、幸存下來”，后面的賓語是“車禍、風暴、地震”等名詞。[即學即練]MrSmithsurvivedtheaccident，buthiswifediedandhesurvived(survive)herbytwentyyears.5eq\a\vs4\al(destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅)[典型例句]Afiredestroyedthehouse.一場火毀壞了那座房屋。Theschoolwascompletelydestroyedbyfire.學校被大火徹底燒毀了。Allhishopesweredestroyed.他全部的希望都破滅了。[巧學妙記][思維拓展]destructionn.[U]破壞；毀壞destructiveadj.破壞性的；造成破壞的[即學即練]Withmoreforestsbeing_destroyed(destroy),hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.6eq\a\vs4\al(affectvt.影響；疾病侵襲；深深打動)[典型例句]Hewasmuchaffectedbythesadnews.這個凄慘的消息使他特別難受。Theadvertisingcampaigndidn'thavemucheffectonsales.這些廣告攻勢對銷售額并沒有起到多大作用。[思維拓展]beaffectedby被……侵襲；被……感動effectn．影響haveaneffect/influenceon對……有影響ineffect事實上takeeffect起先實行；起先生效bring/putsth.intoeffect使某物起先運用comeintoeffect(尤指法律/規(guī)章制度)起先實施[即學即練](1)Oneofherlungsis_affected(affect)alittlesothatshehastorest.(2)Ithinktheaffected(affect)patientneedstobeisolated(隔離)．eq\o(\s\up7(7),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(sheltern.避難處；居所；庇護vt.愛護；掩蔽vi.躲避風雨或危急)[典型例句]Wetriedtofixupashelterfromtherain.我們設法搭起一個躲雨的地方。Manyofthechildrenintheshelterareorphans.收容所里有好多孩子是孤兒。Humanbeingsneedclothing,foodandshelter.人類有衣、食、住的需求。Shewasaccusedofshelteringamurderer.她因為庇護謀殺犯而被控告。[即學即練]Thoughshewasacommonperson,shewas_sheltered(shelter)bytheUSA.8eq\a\vs4\al(ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞)[典型例句]Thestormruinedthecrops.暴風雨毀壞了莊稼。Ifyougoonlikethis,you'llruinyourself.假如你接著這樣下去，你會毀了你自己。[思維拓展]inruins嚴峻受損；破敗不堪betheruinof成為……毀滅(墮落)的緣由come/fallintoruin毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉bringsb.toruin使某人失??；使敗盡家業(yè)bringruinupononeself自取滅亡＝ruinoneselfruinone'shealth/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽Thecitylaidinruinsaftertheearthquake.地震之后，這座城市變成了一片廢墟。Ofcourse,someofthebuildingsarenowinruins.當然，有些樓房現(xiàn)在成了一片廢墟。[即學即練]Yearsoffightinghavelefttheareainruins.9eq\a\vs4\al(shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.使震驚)[典型例句]Hehasneverrecoveredfromtheshockofhisfather'sdeath.他始終沒有從他爸爸去世的打擊中復原過來。Itwasquiteashocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen!從那個屏幕上看到我的臉，真讓人驚愕不已！Theysatthereinshockanddisbelief.他們驚訝地坐在那里，不敢信任這是真的。Yes,wearestillinshock,butwecame.是的，我們?nèi)耘f感到震驚，但我們來了。[思維拓展]shockedadj.感到驚異的，驚異的(主語多為人)shockingadj.令人生氣的，令人驚異的(主語多為物)beshockedat/by(doing)sth.被……震驚beshockedtodosth.懼怕做某事Itshockedsb.tosee/hear...望見/聽到……使某人震驚(be)ashocktosb.對某人來說是個打擊inshock震驚；驚訝[即學即練](1)Lincoln'sdeathwasapieceofsurprisingnews.Thewholenationwasshocked(shock)atthesadnews.(2)Logan'sdeathwaspointless—thatwaspartofthereasonwewereinshock.10eq\a\vs4\al(trapvt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套n.險境；陷阱)[典型例句]Theyweretrappedintheburningbuilding.他們被困在著火的大樓里。Hetrappedmeintobelievinghim.他誘使我信任他的話。Thedeerwascaughtinourtrap.那只鹿落入了我們的陷阱。[思維拓展]trapsb.into(doing)．..誘使某人(做)……betrappedin...困在……中，陷在……中setatrap/traps設陷阱[即學即練]Wedesirethatimmediatehelpshouldbegiventothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrapped(trap)bytheflood.11eq\a\vs4\al(buryvt.安葬；安葬；使沉醉；運用心)[典型例句]Burytheoldworldandbuildanewone.安葬舊世界，建設新世界。Hehadburiedhiswifesometwoyearsbeforeheretired.也許在他退休前兩年，他妻子去世了。IwashorrifiedthatpeoplewouldthinkIwasdeadandburymealive.想到人們會認為我死了并把我活埋，我覺得恐驚萬分。Sincesheleft,hehasburiedhimselfinwork.自從她走后，他全心撲在工作上。Shesatthere,buriedinthoughts.她坐在那兒，陷入了深思。[思維拓展]burysth.in...把……埋到……里buryoneselfin(doing)sth.埋頭于；用心致志于(做)某事beburiedin埋頭于；用心于beburiedinthoughts深思buryone'sfaceinone'shands雙手掩面beburiedalive被活埋；隱居提示：表示“用心于，致力于”意義的短語還有：bedevotedto,beaddictedto,beabsorbedin等。[即學即練]Hisheadwasburiedinthebookhewasreading.12eq\a\vs4\al(breathevi.&vt.呼吸)[典型例句]Ifyoubreatheonthewindowyoucanwriteyournameinthemist.假如你往玻璃窗上哈氣，你可以在霧蒙蒙的窗上寫下你的名字。Theairwassocoldthatwecouldhardlybreathe.空氣特別寒冷，我們難以呼吸。Shewasbeginningtobreathemoreeasily.她呼吸起先較為順暢了。[思維拓展]breathein吸入breatheout呼出breathn．呼吸breathlessadj.喘不過氣來的；無風的holdone'sbreath屏住呼吸outofbreath氣喘吁吁；上氣不接下氣takeabreath歇口氣，歇會兒透口氣getone'sbreathback喘過氣來，復原正常呼吸loseone'sbreath氣喘吁吁，上氣不接下氣[即學即練](1)Afterclimbingthatlongflightofstairsshewascompletelyoutofbreath.(2)Theyholdtheir(they)breathwhentheywatchedthematch.13eq\a\vs4\al(effortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力)[典型例句]YoucannotlearnChinesewellwithoutmakinggreateffort.只有努力，你才能學英雄語。Twenty-threehourshaspassedaftertheexplosioninthemine,butrescueeffortstorecoverthemissingarestillbeingcarriedout.礦井爆炸已過23個小時了，但對失蹤人員的搜尋還在進行中。Wemakeeveryefforttomakemorefilms,andinturnthiscreatesfurtherenvironmentalpollution.我們竭力生產(chǎn)出更多的電影，反過來這又造成了進一步的環(huán)境污染。One'ssuccessislargelyduetohisefforts.一個人的勝利在很大程度上是由于他的努力。[誤區(qū)警示]effort表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意義)，通常是不行數(shù)名詞。如：It'sawasteoftimeandeffort.這是在奢侈時間和精力。若強調(diào)一次一次詳細的努力，通常是可數(shù)名詞，常與all,these等修飾語連用。如：Allhiseffortswereofnoavail.他的努力都沒有用。[思維拓展]makeefforts(aneffort,everyeffort)做出努力sparenoeffort不遺余力，盡力去做with(an)effort努力地withouteffort毫不費勁[即學即練]What'sthepoint，inyouropinion，ofhelpinghimifhedoesn'tmakeaneffortto_help(help)himself?14eq\a\vs4\al(suffervt.遭遇；蒙受vi.因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等受苦)[典型例句]Manypeoplearestillsufferingfromstarvation.很多人仍舊在忍受饑餓之苦。Japanissufferinganotherdisasterbecauseofthenuclearleak.日本因核泄漏正遭遇另一場災難。[易混辨析]suffer,sufferfrom易混詞區(qū)分例句suffersuffer后的賓語多為pain,defeat,loss,poverty等，表示的是所受之苦。Hesufferedmanydefeatsbeforesuccess.勝利前他失敗了很多次。sufferfromfrom后的賓語表示的是受苦的緣由。Thechildsuffersfrommeasles.這個小孩得了麻疹。[思維拓展]sufferingn．(身體、精神上的)苦痛，苦惱，苦難的經(jīng)驗suffertheresult/heavylosses/injuries承受結(jié)果/遭遇重大損失/負傷sufferfromheadache/illness/war/theflood遭遇頭痛/疾病的困擾/斗爭/洪水[即學即練]MrsWhite'slittleboyissufferingfromabadflubugagain.考點集訓一單句語法填空1．“Nicemeetingyou，Zoe，”Isaidandslid(slide)off.2．Helicoptersrescued(rescue)nearly20peoplefromtheroofoftheburningbuilding.3．Thedamaged(damage)carisbeyondrepair.4．Thiswilldogreatdamagetooursociety.5．Thelittleboywastheonlyonewhosurvived(survive)theearthquakeinhisvillage，andthegovernmentsenthimtoacityschoolafterthat.6．Noonewasinjuredintheexplosion，butthebuildingwascompletelydestroyed(destroy)．7．Theclimateaffects(affect)theamountoftherainfall，sowemustpayattentiontoit.8．Thewallsheltered(shelter)usfromthewindinthelastwinter.9．Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruinaftertherevolution.10．Shewasshocked(shock)andwenttotheteachertoaskwhy.11．Iaminshock.Istillcan'tbelieveit'strue.12．Herantheriskofbeing_trapped(trap)inthefire.13．Iwaslookingformyhandbag，whichwas_buried(bury)underapileofoldnewspapers.14．Wehavetobreatheinandoutsomanytimesaminute.1eq\a\vs4\al(setup設立；建立)[典型例句]Theysetupaspecialcommitteetolookintothematter.他們設立了一個特地的委員會來調(diào)查此事。Theydecidedtosetupanewschool.他們確定建一所新學校。[思維拓展]setoff動身；動身；起先setout動身；動身setabout(doingsth.)起先(做某事)[即學即練]—Havegreatchangestakenplaceinyourvillage?—Yes.Anewschoolwassetupinthevillagelastyear.2eq\a\vs4\al(asusual像平常一樣)[典型例句]Hewouldgohome，asusual，forChristmas.他像平常一樣回家過圣誕節(jié)。Ishallleavetheofficeatthesametimeasusual.我將在和平常一樣的時間離開辦公室。[即學即練]WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.3eq\a\vs4\al(asif似乎；似乎；仿佛)[典型例句]Thechildtalkedtousasifhewereagrown-up.那孩子跟我們談起話來，像個大人似的。Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasifshewasangry.她匆忙離開了房間，似乎很生氣的樣子。Itlooksasifitwillrainbeforelong.看起來一會兒就要下雨了。[思維拓展]asif＝asthough仿佛；似乎evenif＝eventhough即使留意：若asif引導的從句可能是真實的事或情形時，用陳述語氣；若與事實相反或不符，通常用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句謂語動詞用過去時，be動詞用were；表示與過去事實相反時，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時，表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用would/could/might＋動詞原形。(1)asif/asthough引導表語從句時，假如是客觀的事實，用真實的語氣；假如是不行能發(fā)生的事，只是一種想象、揣測，則用虛擬語氣。Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.烏云密布，天看起來像要下雨了。Itlooksasiftheskywerefallingdown.天看起來似乎要塌下來似的。(2)asif/asthough引導方式狀語從句，要用虛擬語氣。Hetalksasifheweretheowneroftheworld.(與現(xiàn)在事實相反，be動詞用were)他說起話來似乎他主宰這個世界似的。Hetalksasifhehadbeentothemoon.(與過去事實相反，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時)他說起話來似乎他去過月球似的。Shetalksandtalksasifshewouldneverstop.(與將來事實相反，從句謂語動詞用would＋動詞原形)她說呀說呀，似乎恒久也說不完。(3)asif引導方式狀語從句時可用省略形式，后面接名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語，也可跟分詞或不定式。如：Hetalksasifaphilosopher.他說起話來就似乎是一個哲學家似的。Theladycriedandlaughedasifmad.這位女士哭了又笑，似乎瘋了。Tomdroppedhisheadanddidn'tdaresayaword,asifnotknowingtheanswer.湯姆低垂著頭不敢說話，似乎不知道答案。Hetalksasifdrunk.從他談話的樣子來看，他像是醉了。Tomopenedhismouthasiftosaysomething.湯姆張開嘴似乎要說什么。[即學即練](1)—Whatanoise!Icanhardlystandit.—Itsoundsasiftheyarehavingapartynextdoor.(2)Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedasifto_see(see)whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.4eq\a\vs4\al(nothingbut除……外什么也沒有；只有；僅僅)[典型例句]FormilesandmilesIcouldseenothingbutagreatfireandlotsofsmoke.一連好幾英里，除了大火和濃煙我什么也看不見。Hedidnothingbutsleepalldaylong.他什么也不干，成天睡覺。Icandonothingbutobeyit.我只能聽從。[思維拓展]anythingbut絕不，根本不Iwasanythingbuthappyaboutgoing.我一點也不情愿出去。[即學即練]Underthesoilthereisnothingbutsand.5eq\a\vs4\al(tensofthousandsof數(shù)以萬計的)[典型例句]Tensofthousandsofpeoplewerewatchingthegameinthestadiumwhenitbegantorain.數(shù)以萬計的人正在體育館看競賽，這時天突然下起雨來。[誤區(qū)警示]thousand,hundred等前有詳細數(shù)字時不用復數(shù)，后接名詞時不用of；但假如是表示不確定的數(shù)目，即表示“概數(shù)”時，用復數(shù)形式，且后跟of。如：twohundredstudents兩百名學生hundreds/thousandsof...數(shù)以百計/千計的……[思維拓展]hundredsof數(shù)以百計的thousandsof數(shù)以千計的dozensof很多；大量scoresof很多；大量millionsof數(shù)以百萬計的hundredsandhundredsof成百上千的hundredsofthousandsof成千上萬的[即學即練]Thousandsofpeopleleftthecountrysidetoworkinthecity.6eq\a\vs4\al(digout掘出；發(fā)覺)[典型例句]Theydugoutanoldvase.他們挖出了一個舊花瓶。Itriedtodigoutthetruth.我設法探出真相。[思維拓展]diginto挖掘；深化鉆研digup找出；查明[即學即練]Imustremembertodigoutthatbookforyou.考點集訓二單句語法填空1．Wesetaboutpainting(paint)thewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.2．Asusual，theyleftthechildrenathomewithSusan.3．ItsoundsasifyouhavehadagoodtimeinQingdao.4．Politenesscostsnothingbutwinseverything.5．ThegentlemanwillbedevotedtoLilyforever，eventhough/ifshetreatshimbadly.eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞甚至豬都驚慌得不敢吃食，狗也拒絕進入建筑物中。(1)這是由并列連詞and連接的兩個簡潔句。(2)too...to...太……而不能Thewiresaretoohighforchildrentoreach.線太高，孩子們夠不著。Hewastooilltotravel.他病得太重了，不能遠行。It'stoohotadaytowork.天氣太熱了，無法工作。[思維拓展]too...to...句型在下列狀況下表示確定意義：(1)與某些表示心情的或描述性的形容詞連用時，too相當于very，意為“特別”。此類形容詞常見的有happy,glad,easy,ready,willing,nervous,good,kind,surprised等。在該用法中，常在too前加上only,but,all,simply或just，用來加強語氣。Tomis(only)toogladtohelpyou.湯姆特別樂意幫助你。Theyare(all)toowillingtotaketheopinionsofothers.他們都特別情愿接受別人的看法。(2)too前有not,never,can't等否定詞修飾時構(gòu)成雙重否定，表示確定意義，意為“并非太……；不會太……；再……也不過分”。Englishisnottoodifficulttolearn.英語并不難學。It'snevertoolatetolearn.活到老，學到老。Youcan'tbetoocarefultodoyourhomework.你做作業(yè)越細致越好。[即學即練]Theproblemistoodifficultforthestudentstoworkout.eq\o(\s\up7(2),\s\do5())Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.老鼠從田地里跑出來找地方藏身，魚也從水中跳出來。句中and連接兩個并列的簡潔句。lookingfor...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，其邏輯主語是Mice?，F(xiàn)在分詞除了作伴隨狀語外還可作時間、條件、緣由、結(jié)果狀語等。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他走了出去，將門關上了。(伴隨狀語)Hearingthegoodnews，hejumpedupwithjoy.聽到那個好消息，他興奮地跳了起來。(時間狀語)[即學即練]Hewaslyingonthegrasslooking(look)atthestarsinthesky.eq\o(\s\up7(3),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！,世界末日似乎到了！)(1)asif引導的從句在句中作表語，asif“仿佛；似乎”。Itseemedasif...意為“看起來似乎……”。(2)cometoanend結(jié)束；終止Themeetinghascometoanend.會議已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。Theirquarrelcametoanendfinally.他們的爭吵最終結(jié)束了。[誤區(qū)警示]cometoanend的主語是物，不用于被動語態(tài)。若表示“使……結(jié)束”，則用bringsth.toanend。如：Hemanagedtobringtheterriblesituationtoanend.他設法結(jié)束了這種糟糕的局面。[思維拓展]beatanend結(jié)束attheendof在……的終點reachtheendoftheline/road山窮水盡intheend最終，最終makeendsmeet使收支相抵；牽強維持生計whenitcomes/cametosth./doingsth.談到……；說到……Itcomes/cametosb.that...某人突然想到……[即學即練]Thankfully，Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.,居住在那兒的人有三分之二死亡或受傷。)(1)這是一個主從復合句。主句是Twothirdsofthepeopleweredeadorinjured；wholivedthere是定語從句，thepeople是定語從句的先行詞，who是關系代詞，代替先行詞并在定語從句中作主語。(2)two-thirds是英語中的分數(shù)表達法。在英語中，表示分數(shù)時，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。假如分子大于1，分母則要用復數(shù)形式，即其后加-s。one-third三分之一aquarter四分之一ahalf二分之一three-fourths四分之三two-fifths＝twofifths五分之二[誤區(qū)警示](1)分數(shù)的分子與分母之間的連字符可有可無。(2)“分數(shù)＋n.”在句中作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于分數(shù)后的名詞的單復數(shù)形式。Three-fourthsofthestudentslikewatchingmovies.四分之三的學生喜愛看電影。[即學即練]Onlyone-thirdofthe60questionswereansweredcorrectly.eq\o(\s\up7(5),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.,成千上萬個孩子變成了孤兒。)(1)Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents是．..leftthousandsofchildrenwithoutparents的被動形式。withoutparents是介詞短語，在句中作主語補足語，表示主語的狀態(tài)。(2)leave表示“使處于……狀態(tài)”時，可構(gòu)成“l(fā)eave＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞(短語)等充當。Youshouldn'thaveleftallthewindowsopenwhenyouweresleeping.你睡覺時本不該開著全部的窗子的。(形容詞作賓補)Sheranaway，leavingherboyfriendintherainalone.她跑開了，留她的男友一個人在雨中。(介詞短語作賓補)It'simpoliteofyoutoleavethegueststandingoutsideforhalfanhour.你讓客人在外面站了半個小時真是不禮貌。(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補)Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched，becausetheydidn'ttastedelicious.大部分菜客人們都沒有動，因為它們不行口。(過去分詞作賓補)[即學即練]Weshouldnotleavethetapwaterrunning(run)orwasteanymeterialsinthelabclass.eq\o(\s\up7(6),\s\do5())Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.地震中死亡和受傷的人數(shù)超過40萬。(1)這是一個主從復合句。句中whowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake是who引導的定語從句，先行詞是people，who是關系代詞，代替先行詞并在從句中作主語。(2)thenumberof意為“……的數(shù)目”，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.目前在中國學習英語的人數(shù)正在快速增加。[思維拓展]anumberof等同于many，意為“很多的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式，當其所修飾的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Quiteanumberofyoungpeoplebelievethatmoneyisapassporttohappiness.相當一部分年輕人認為金錢是獲得華蜜的通行證。[即學即練]Anumberofteachersare(be)presenttoday；thenumberofthemis(be)300.eq\o(\s\up7(7),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Everywheresurvivorslooked，therewasnothingbutruins.,生還者目及之處無一不是廢墟。)Everywhere在句中作連詞用，引導狀語從句。意為“所到之處”。Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived.他們每到一處都受到了友好的接待。EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.不管我走到哪里，我都發(fā)覺同樣的狀況。[思維拓展](1)everywhere可用作副詞用作副詞時，不要在其前運用in,at,to之類的介詞。如：I'velookedeverywhereforit.我到處都找過它了。Hetakeshisdogwithhimeverywhere.他無論到哪兒都帶著他的狗。留意：有時依據(jù)須要可與介詞from連用。如：Congratulationspouredinfromeverywhere.慶賀像潮水一樣從四面八方涌來。(2)everywhere可用作表語用作表語時，表示某種狀況很普遍。如：Girlswithlonghairwereeverywhereinthe1960s.在二十世紀六十年頭女孩子留長發(fā)的現(xiàn)象相當普遍。(3)everywhere可用作名詞，作主語。Everywhereseemedtobesilent.萬籟俱寂。[即學即練]ThedogfollowedmeeverywhereIwent.考點集訓三單句語法填1．Thechildistoo