專題12 定語從句-初中英語重要語法精講精練（江蘇專用）

專題12定語從句定語從句關(guān)系詞一、定語從句的構(gòu)成ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.★先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞?！镪P(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞又分為關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why二、關(guān)系代詞作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語代指人：who，whom，that，whose代指物：that，which，whose關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Themanwhom/whoInoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.3.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.ThisrecorderwhichheisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrarywhichyouborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?4.that指人/物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略），且只用在限制性定語從句中。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heisthemanthat/who/whomItoldyouabout.5.whose在定從中作定語，表所屬關(guān)系，翻譯為“他的/她的/它的”，用來代替his，her，their，its.whose指人也指物指物時=ofwhich指人時=ofwhomThisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq.DoyouknowthegirlofwhomthefatherdiedinIraq.DoyouknowthegirlthefatherofwhomdiedinIraq.【例題】Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.A.that B.it C.what D.which【答案】Dwho,whom,whose,which,that口訣:前看先行詞,辯清人或物后看從句里,有無主賓語【練習(xí)】1).Thisisthehouse__________wasbuiltlastyear.2).Theboy_______________wesawyesterdaywasJohn’sbrother.3).Thecar__________myunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.4).Thatistheman____________wewerelookingfor.5).Thehouse_____________windowarebrokenbelongstomygrandfather.6).Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.【答案】1.which/that2.that/whom/who/\3.that/which/\4.who/whom/that/\5.whose/ofwhichthe6.who/that注意點(diǎn)：注意點(diǎn)：★只用that不用which的情況①當(dāng)先行詞是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代詞時，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時等，這時的that常被省略。②還有先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時,或先行詞就是序數(shù)詞或最高級時.③以及先行詞中既有人又有物時.還有句中前面有which或who時,都只能用that=4\*GB3④當(dāng)先行詞被theonly，thevery修飾時表示強(qiáng)調(diào)=5\*GB3⑤兩個定語從句中一個已用which時，另一個用that1).Weshoulddoeverything_________isgoodforourstudies.2).Theisthefirstplace________Iwanttovisit.3).Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.4).Thisistheonlything_________wecando.5).Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings________Ihadneverseenbefore.6).Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons__________wewereinterestedin.【答案】1.that2.that/\3.that/\4.that/\5.that/\6.that/\★只用which不用that的情況：=1\*GB3①介詞后=2\*GB3②用于非限制定語從句中=3\*GB3③which可指代前面講到的整件事。1).Thisisthetrainby_______wewenttoBeijing.2).Football,_______isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.3).Hewaslateforschoolagain,_________madetheteacherveryangry.【答案】whichwhichwhich★只用who不用that的情況：=1\*GB3①先行詞是指人的不定代詞anyone等或those1).Anyonecomeslateshouldbepunished.2).Headmiredthoselookedbeautiful.【答案】whowho★way后面的定語從句，引導(dǎo)定語從句有三種情況：inwhich或that或\作狀語：inwhich或that或\作主賓表：that或\Idon’tlikethewayhespoketoourteacher.Hehasgivenyoutheway______isbesttosolvetheproblem.Iwanttoknowtheway______hetoldyouyesterday.【答案】inwhich/that/\thatthat/\單選題1.Thisistheschool_______wevisitedlastyear.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.whose2.LiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut_______hasevertraveledinspace.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose3.Ican'tfindthebook__________mymotherboughtme.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where4.Sheisthegirlinventiongotthefirstprizeintheschoolcompetition.A．whoB．that C．which D.whose5.—Doyouknowtheman______isstandingatthedoor?—Yes,Ido.He'safriendof_____.A.when;IB.who;mineC.that;meD.which;my6.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_________hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that7.Afriendissomeone______says,"What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose【答案】ACCDBCA填空題1.Thehouse_______weliveisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.【答案】1.where2.who/that3.which/that4.who/that5.that6.that7.which/that8.which/that三、關(guān)系副詞1.when在從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which）I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.when=onwhich(=ontheday)★先行詞是時間時，并非都用when引導(dǎo)從句來修飾，試比較：☆Doyoustillrememberthedays_________therewasnoelectricity?☆Doyoustillrememberthedays____________wespenttogether?【答案】whenwhich/that/\2.where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞通常是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。相當(dāng)于介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which）ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.where=inwhich(=inthehouse)★先行詞是地點(diǎn)時，并非都用where引導(dǎo)從句來修飾，試比較：☆Theplace________Lucyonceworkedhasbecomeamuseum.☆Theplace______________IvisitedlastweekisinShangHai.【答案】wherewhich/that/\★需掌握的由where引導(dǎo)的特殊定語從句☆I(lǐng)nordertogetstartedinthiscareer,I’mwillingtoacceptanyposition(職位)______Icanshowmyabilities.A.whenB.whereC.towhichD.which【答案】B類似的先行詞有：case(情況),situation(情形),point(程度),stage(階段)…3.why在從句中作原因狀語，先行詞通常是reason相當(dāng)于“介詞for+關(guān)系代詞（which）Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.why=forwhich(=forthereason)★先行詞是thereason時并非都用why☆That’sthereason_______hewaslate.☆That’sthereason____________hegaveme.【答案】whywhich/that/\介詞+關(guān)系代詞=1\*GB3①.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系That’sthenewspaperforwhichIwritearticles.=2\*GB3②.根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’mnotsure.=3\*GB3③.根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.注意：介詞+關(guān)系代詞中關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.一WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVprogramcalledReaders?一Wonderful!ItisthebestprogramIhaveeverwatched.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.who()2.Accordingtoasurvey,peopleareabletospeaktwolanguagescanmanagetwothingsatthesametimemoreeasily.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.who()3.一CCTVhasproducedaTVshow-ChinesePoetryCompetition.Haveyouseenit?一Sure.WuYishu,16,studiesattheHighSchoolAffiliatedtoFudanUniversity,isthewinner.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.whom()4.TuYouyouisthewomanusedtheplant'sspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD./()5.一Whyareyousoworried?一I'velostthewatchmydadboughtmeonmybirthday.A.whatB.whoC.whoseD.which()6.I'dliketotellyouaboutthetablemannersyoushouldknowwhenyouvisitFrance.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.how()7.RoaldDahlwasagreatchildren'swriter.HisdarkpasthelpedhimpaintapictureWasdifferenttomostotherwriters.A.thatB.whoC./D.whom()8.YesterdayMr.Greenwenttohishometownandvisitedtheoldhousehewasbornin.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.it()9.一Whatkindofmoviesdoyouprefer?一Ipreferthemoviesmesomethingtothinkabout.A.whichgiveB.thatgivesC.whatgivesD.whogives()10.Thisisaheartwarmingstoryaboutaboysavedhismother'slife.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.whom()11.Lilylovesmusicshecansingalongwith.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whom()12.SaraisthegirlhastaughtmehowtouseWeChat.A.whomB.whichC.whatD.who()13.Ihatethedogsliveinthenexthouse.Theymakeloudnoisesallnight.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom()14.Thecarmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.which()15.Westillrememberthelovelyteachershavetaughtusfor3years.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which()16.Theladyinthekitchenisdoingthedishesismyaunt.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.whom()17.一TomusuallyhelpsotherswithmathproblemsandMr.Lioftenpraiseshimforit.一Iagree.Astudentisalwayshelpingothersisworthpraise.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose()18.一PleasetellmesomethingaboutYangLiwei.一HeisagreatastronautofalltheChineseareproudA.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whom()19.ThisisthebestbookIhaveread.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.who()20.JourneytotheWestisabookinfluencesteenagersa.lot.Itisverypopular.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what【答案】1-10BDCBDAAAAB11-20ADBDABCDAC對比練習(xí)1.①Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms_____shownlastweek.②Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms_____shownlastweek.A.whichwas

B.thatwasC.whichwere

D.thatwere2.①Hehastwosons,_____arecollegestudents.②Hehastwosons,and_____arecollegestudents.A.bothofwhich

B.bothofwhomC.bothofthem

D.bothofit【答案】1.①D

②B

2.①B

②C3.①Hestilllivesintheroom_____windowfacestotheeast.②Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow_____facestotheeast.③Hestilllivesintheroom_____isonthethirdfloor.④Hestilllivesi