高中英語句子成分及結(jié)構(gòu)分析

資料范本資料范本本資料為word版本，可以直接編輯和打印，感謝您的下載高中英語句子成分及結(jié)構(gòu)分析地點(diǎn)：__________________時(shí)間：__________________說明：本資料適用于約定雙方經(jīng)過談判，協(xié)商而共同承認(rèn)，共同遵守的責(zé)任與義務(wù)，僅供參考，文檔可直接下載或修改，不需要的部分可直接刪除，使用時(shí)請?jiān)敿?xì)閱讀內(nèi)容高中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析英語的九大詞類名詞，代詞，動詞，形容詞，副詞，數(shù)詞，連詞，介詞，冠詞。一、名詞(n.)：表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱。物體名--desk,cup,chair.人名--Mike,LiMing;地名—America,China動物名--pig,dog;植物名--tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名稱:idea(主意),victory(勝利),knowledge(知識).二、代詞（pron.）：主要用來代替名詞，所以說名詞和代詞關(guān)系是很近的。代替人的代詞有：I,you,he,she,it,they這里要注意，代詞的作賓語的形式me,him,her,them....，代替物的代詞有:it,that,this,those,these三、動詞(v.)："動"就是動作--可以指具體的動作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大腦動作(心理活動):think(想),imagine(想象).四、形容詞(adj.)：用來表示名詞的性質(zhì)或特征。我們在談?wù)撊嘶蛭飼r(shí)，常用上：tall（高的），short矮的），black（黑的），white（白的）這些詞往往是修飾名詞。五、副詞(adv.)：修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，說明動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度等。副詞很多是從形容詞加ly構(gòu)成的，所以看單詞詞尾是否有l(wèi)y是判斷是否是副詞的一種方法，但是詞尾是ly的也不一定都是副詞，可能是形容詞（likely—有可能的lovely—可愛的friendly—友好的lonely—孤獨(dú)的weekly—每周一次的monthly—每月一次的yearly—每年一次的）六、介詞(prep.)：表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。at,by,to,in,for,of,on,from,with介詞在英語中最常用于介賓結(jié)構(gòu)——介詞+名詞/代詞，起修飾作用.比如：inwinter,fromAmerica,behindthedoor等等。七、連詞(conj.)：用來連接詞、短語、句子。連詞不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，只能和其他詞類一起作句子成分。常見的連詞有：and表并列、both..and并列、but表轉(zhuǎn)折、or表選擇、if表?xiàng)l件等。八、冠詞，英語中只有三個(gè)詞：a\an(不定冠詞)the(定冠詞)，簡單來說，不定冠詞表示泛指，定冠詞表示特指，冠詞與名詞關(guān)系緊密，一般是放在名詞之前。九、數(shù)詞：跟數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞就是數(shù)詞，英語中的數(shù)詞有兩種，基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞，比如：onetwo、three、four、five、six、seven等等，序數(shù)詞，比如：first、second、third、fourth、fifth等等。英語句子根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

=1\*GB3

①

簡單句：（5種基本句型）主+謂主+謂+賓主+系+表主+謂+雙賓（間賓+直賓）主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)

=2\*GB3

②

并列句and,but,or

=3\*GB3

③

復(fù)合句：名詞從句（賓，主，表，同）副詞從句（狀語從句）形容詞從句（定語從句）（二）根據(jù)功能劃分：陳述句,祈使句,感嘆句，疑問句（一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句等）動詞分類：情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、系動詞、實(shí)義動詞（及物動詞和不及物動詞）形容詞修飾系動詞放在動詞后，形容詞修飾名詞，一般放在名詞前；副詞修飾實(shí)義動詞，放在實(shí)義動詞后，修飾整個(gè)句子放在句首，修飾形容詞，一般位于形容詞前。五種基本句型【句型一】主語+謂語(不及物動詞vi.)主語：是動作的發(fā)出者，一般是名詞，代詞，動詞不定式，動名詞，短語，從句等。謂語：謂語總是由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)，是英語時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角。謂語與主語在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致！不及物動詞（vi.）一般不接賓語，接賓語得加一個(gè)介詞。謂語由動詞詞組充當(dāng)，分兩種情況:1.及物動詞+副詞，2.不及物動詞+介詞。動副詞組：point

out（指出）,

carry

out（執(zhí)行）,

put

forward（提出）,

work

out（做出，算出）,

find

out（找出）,

give

up（放棄）,

give

away（贈送，分發(fā)）,pick

up（揀起）,

put

up（掛上）等。動副詞可拆分，若是代詞作賓語應(yīng)放在中間。They

carried

out

the

plan

successfully.They

carried

the

plan

out

successfully.動介詞組：look

after（照顧）,

look

at（瞧）,

look

for（尋找）,

belong

to（屬于）,

refer

to（參考，提及）,

think

of（考慮，評價(jià)）,

send

for（派人去請）,

care

for（喜歡）,suffer

from（受…之苦）,

deal

with(對付，應(yīng)付),

object

to（反對）,

pay

for（付…的錢）等。動介詞是不可拆分的，所以代詞放在后面，即我們只能說think

of

it,不能說think

it

of.Hisfathercooks.Thechildrenarelisteningquietly.Herunsfastinthestreet.Themeetingbeginsatnine.Theyworkeddayandnight.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.Hisfatherhasgoneabroad.【句型二】主語+謂語(及物動詞vt.)+賓語及物動詞后必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動作的承受者賓語位于及物動詞或介詞之后，主要由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞，短語或從句充當(dāng)。HedidhisEnglishhomework.（名詞作賓語）Theworkersarebuildingthebridge.（名詞作賓語）Ienjoysharingmyworkexperience.（動詞ing形式作賓語）Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名詞作賓語）Shesaidshefeltsick.（從句作賓語）Weoftenhelphim.（代詞作賓語）Helikesplayingbasketball.（動名詞V-ing作賓語)Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作賓語）The

boys

were

watching

theworldcupmatch.Canyoufeelthepoweroflove?Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.Shewantedabarbietoysomuchwhenshewasyoung.ZhangYimoumadealovemovie.I

don’t

believe

in(介)

that

man.He

pointed

out（副）

the

mistakes

in

my

composition.On

Christmas

Day,

we

will

call

on

our

foreign

teachers.You

must

hand

in

your

exercise-books

after

class.We

cannot

work

out（副）

the

problem

in

five

minutes.【句型三】主+系+表（什么是什么）連系動詞主要是連系主語和表語。系動詞可分四類：1.“五be”是(am,is,are,was,were)2.“五感官”動詞look（眼）看起來sound（耳）聽起來taste（口）嘗起來smell（鼻）聞起來feel（手）摸起來3.“五變”get變得,turn變得,grow變得，go變得,become成為4.“三保持”keep保持,stay保持，remain保持作表語的可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、從句等Iamateacher.Sheisbeautiful.Thissongsoundsgood.Leavesturnedgreen.用動詞做的主語和從句主語也可用it替代，叫形式主語，真正主語在句中都后移。ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.ItisknowntoeveryoneinourclassthathehasbeentomanypartsoftheworldHernewIphone5iscooltodeath.Hissonisarockstar.Myroomlookslikeapigsty.LiLeiandJimaregayfriends.Childrengrowwiserastheygrow.Theriverlooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.Dinnersmellsgood.Hisvoicesoundedstrangeonthephone.Thecaketastesdelicious.Harrypotteristheherointhisbook.Playingbasketballisinteresting.TolearnEnglishisimportant.Swimmingisasportheenjoys.Thathehasbeentomanypartsoftheworldisknowntoeveryoneinourclass.【句型四】主＋謂＋雙賓（間賓＋直賓）（兩者沒有直接的關(guān)系）有些及物動詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語,這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人(間接賓語)；一個(gè)指物(直接賓語)eg：give/pass/bring/take/show/buysb.sth.若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for

側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓的詞有（需借助to的）bring,

give,

lend,

hand,

offer,

pass,

pay,

promise,return,

send,

show,

teach,

tell,

write,

ask等（需借助for

的）

buy,

call,

cook,

choose,

draw,

find,

get,

make,

order

，sing,

save,

spare,等IboughtJohnabirthdaypresent.或Iboughtabirthdaypresentforjohn.Pleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber.或Pleasetellyourtelephonenumbertome.Givemeacupofteaplease.PassourEnglishteacherthebook.Bringittome,please.ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.Hebroughtyouadictionary.Pleasegivemeafewapples.I’llshowyoumyphotos.【句型五】主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（兩者有直接的關(guān)系）謂語后只跟一個(gè)賓語不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加一個(gè)成分來補(bǔ)充說明賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后補(bǔ)充說明賓語。賓語補(bǔ)足語由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞-ing形式、過去分詞等充當(dāng)。Thewarmadehimasoldier.（名詞）Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.（形容詞）Ioftenfindhimatwork.（介詞短語）Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.（不定式）Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Ourteacherfoundthewindowsclosed.（過去分詞）WecallhimTom.AtfirstIfoundChinesequitehard.Tellhimnottobelatetomorrow.Hemadeallofuslaugh.Thelittlegirloftenhelpshermother(to)dothehousework.Wefoundacatlyingunderthechair.IfindlearningEnglishdifficult.Iwillmakeyouacaptain.ThemanageraskedAmandatoleave.Hiswordsmademesad.IfindlearningEnglishdifficult.Isawthekiteupanddown.Tommadethegirlcry.Heprovedthattheoryveryimportant.IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.句子成分——狀語，可位于句首、句末或句中，用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動作，行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、原因、方式、程度等。由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)。HespeaksEnglishverywell.（表程度）Heisplayingunderthetree.（表地點(diǎn)）Icometoseeyou.（表目的）Tenyearsago,ShebegantoliveinDalian.（表時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)）Theboywaspraisedforhisbravery.（表原因）IfIamnotbusytomorrow,Iwillplayfootballwithyou.（表?xiàng)l件）副詞（短語）作狀語：Theboyneedsapenverymuch.（程度狀語）Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother.（賓語較長則狀語前置）Theboyreallyneedsapen.（程度狀語）Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen.（時(shí)間狀語）介詞短語作狀語：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.（地點(diǎn)狀語）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.(條件狀語)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.(時(shí)間狀語)分詞（短語）作狀語：Hesitsthere,askingforapen.（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.（原因狀語）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.（原因狀語）不定式作狀語：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.（目的狀語）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.名詞作狀語：Comethisway!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z）狀語從句：時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句句子成分——定語，它位置靈活，用來修飾限定名詞或代詞，說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征。由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞或名詞所有格、介詞短語、不定式等等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，譯為“...的”形容詞作定語：Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.Tomisahandsomeboy.Thereisagoodboy.數(shù)詞作定語相當(dāng)于形容詞：Twoboysneedtwopens.Thetwoboysarestudents.Therearetwoboysintheroom.代詞或名詞所有格作定語：HisboyneedsTom'spenHisnameisTom.TherearetwoboysofTomsthere.介詞短語作定語：Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.TheboyinblueisTom.Therearetwoboysof9,andthreeof10.名詞作定語：Theboyneedsaballpen.Itisaballpen.Thereisonlyoneballpeninthepencilbox.副詞作定語：Theboythereneedsapen.ThebestboyhereisTom.不定式作定語：Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.TheboytowritethisletterisTom.Thereisnothingtodotoday.分詞（短語）作定語：Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.Therearefiveboysleft.定語從句：Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.TheboyyouwillknowisTom.Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.句子成分—同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位語，都是指同一批‘學(xué)生’）Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位語，都指同樣的‘我們’）練習(xí)(一).指出下列句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的賓語①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表語①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定語①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七)挑出下列句中的狀語①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①