2024屆內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市高三第一次質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測（一模）英語試卷（解析版）

年呼和浩特市高三年級第一次質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測英語注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、座位號涂寫在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號，不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。3.考試時間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑AIfyouthinkaboutWorldHeritageSites,youprobablythinkofplacesconnectedwithancientartandculture,historicalbuildingsandmonuments.Andofcourse,manyoftheseareontheWorldHeritageList(WHL)(世界遺產(chǎn)名錄).ButtheWHLcontainsalotofsitesthatarenotsoobvious.Let’slookatafewofthem.RobbenIslandinSouthAfricaThisislandwasusedthroughthecenturiesasaprison,ahospitalandamilitarybase.Butit’sprobablymostfamousasamaximum-securityprisonforpoliticalprisonersinthetwentiethcentury.NelsonMandelawasoneofitsmostfamousresidents.TheWHLsaysitrepresents“thevictoryofdemocracy(民主)andfreedomoveroppression(壓迫)andracism(種族主義).”BordersofFranceandSpainThisisanareaofgreatnaturalbeautyandthemountainshavemanyinterestinggeologicalformations.Butitisalsoanareaofsmallfarm.PeopletherestilluseatypeofagriculturethatusedtobecommoninmountainousareasofEuropebutthathasalmostcompletedisappearedinmoderntimes.ThecityofBrasilia,BrazilBrasiliaisacapitalcitythatwascreatedfromnothingin1956.TheWHLcallsit“alandmarkinthehistoryoftownplanning”.Thedifferentareasofthecityandthebuildingsthemselveswerealldesignedatthesametimecarefully.Everypartofthecityshowstheideasoftheplannerandarchitect.SimienNationalPark,EthiopiaSimienNationalParkwasoneofthefirstsitestobelistedin1978.ItisoneofthehighestmountainousareasinAfrica,andtheWHLcallsit“oneofthemostspectacularlandscapesintheworld”.Itisalsoimportantforitswildlife.Thepopulationofsomerareanimalsisgettingsmallerandsmaller.1.WhichofthefollowingsiteswaslistedontheWHLforitspoliticalsymbol?A.SimienNationalPark,Ethiopia. B.RobbenIslandinSouthAfrica.C.BordersofFranceandSpain. D.ThecityofBrasilia,Brazil.2.Whichofthefollowingsitesisfamousforthewonderfulplanofbuildings?A.RobbenIslandinSouthAfrica. B.BordersofFranceandSpain.C.ThecityofBrasilia,Brazil. D.SimienNationalPark,Ethiopia.3.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A.theremainsofancientculturesontheWHLB.thehouseholdheritagesitesontheWHLC.importantplacesofartandcultureD.someofthelesswell-knownsitesontheWHL【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四處世界遺產(chǎn)名錄上不太出名的地點，以及這些地點的特點。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RobbenIslandinSouthAfrica部分下的“Butit’sprobablymostfamousasamaximum-securityprisonforpoliticalprisonersinthetwentiethcentury.NelsonMandelawasoneofitsmostfamousresidents.(但它可能是20世紀最著名的政治犯最高安全級別的監(jiān)獄)”可知，南非羅本島是因為政治象征被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThecityofBrasilia,Brazil下的“TheWHLcallsit‘a(chǎn)landmarkinthehistoryoftownplanning’(世界遺產(chǎn)記錄稱它是‘城市規(guī)劃歷史上的一個里程碑’)”以及“Everypartofthecityshowstheideasoftheplannerandarchitect.(城市的每一個部分都體現(xiàn)了規(guī)劃者和建筑師的夢想)”可推知，巴西的巴西利亞市是因為卓越的城市規(guī)劃而被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。故選C項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，再根據(jù)文章第一段“ButtheWHLcontainsalotofsitesthatarenotsoobvious.Let’slookatafewofthem.(但世界遺產(chǎn)記錄上有一些不太出名的地方，讓我們來看看它們其中的一些)”結(jié)合下文對四處世界遺產(chǎn)的介紹可知，本文主要給讀者介紹幾處在世界遺產(chǎn)名錄上不太出名的地點。故選D項。BEradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutiontotwoofhercountry’sproblems:garbageandpoverty.It’scalledtheChipBagProject.The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisaskingafavoroflocalsnacklovers:Ratherthanthrowyouremptychipbagsintothetrash,donatethemsoshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.ChipwatersdropofftheiremptybagsfromDoritos.Lays.andotherfavoritesattwolocationsinDetroit:aprintshopandaclothingstore.whereOleitaandhervolunteerhelperscollectthem.Aftertheycleanthechipbagsinsoapyhotwater,theyslicethemopen,laythemflat,andironthemtogether.Theyusepadding(襯墊)andliners(襯里)fromoldcoatstolinetheinsides.Ittakesaboutfourhourstosewasleepingbagandeachtakesaround150to300chipbagsdependingonwhetherthey’resingle-serveorfamilysize.Theresultisasleepingbagthatis“waterprooflightweightandeasytocarryaround”.OleitatoldtheDetroitNews.Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthascollectedmorethan800,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,created110sleepingbags.Sure,itwouldbesimplertoraisethemoneytobuynewsleepingbags.Butthat’sonlyhalfthegoalforOleita—whosefamilymovedtotheUnitedStatesfromNigeriaadecadeagowiththehopeofattainingabetterlife—andherfellowvolunteers.“Wearedevotedtomakinganimpactnotonlysocially,butenvironmentally,”shesays.And,ofcourse,there’sthesymbolismofrescuingbagsthatwouldotherwiselandinthetrashandusingthemtohelpthehomeless.It’sapowerfulreminderthatenvironmentalproblemandpovertyoftengohandinhand.AsOleitatold,“Ithinkit’stimetoshowconnectionsbetweenalloftheseissues.”4.WhatdidOleitaaskthesnackloverstodowiththeiremptychipbags?A.Toturnthemintosleepingbags. B.Togivethemawaytoher.C.Tothrowthemintothetrash. D.Todonatethemtothehomelessdirectly.5.WhatdoweknowaboutthesleepingbagmadebyChipBagProject?A.Itssizeisadjustable. B.Itisonlymadeofoldcoats.C.Ithasthefunctionofheating D.Itisportable.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Theaimoftheprojectismorethansocialissues.B.Povertyresultsfromenvironmentalproblems.C.Oleita’sprojectmade110sleepingbagspermonth.D.Oleitastartedtheprojectmainlytoraisemoney.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeOleita?A.Hardworkingandloyal. B.Talentedandsocial.C.Responsibleandcreative. D.Selflessandmodest.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了EradajereOleita建立了theChipBagProject，回收空薯片袋子，將其制成睡袋，送給無家可歸的人，她的努力取得了一定的效果，部分緩解了垃圾和貧窮問題?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisaskingafavoroflocalsnacklovers:Ratherthanthrowyouremptychipbagsintothetrash,donatethemsoshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.(這位來自底特律的26歲學生和環(huán)保主義者請求當?shù)匦〕詯酆谜叩膸椭号c其把你的空薯片袋扔進垃圾桶，不如把它們捐出來，這樣她就可以把它們變成無家可歸者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita讓零食愛好者把空薯片袋捐贈給她。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresultisasleepingbagthatis“waterprooflightweightandeasytocarryaround”.(其結(jié)果是一個“防水、輕便、便于攜帶”的睡袋)”可知，這種睡袋是便于攜帶的。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthascollectedmorethan800,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,created110sleepingbags.Sure,itwouldbesimplertoraisethemoneytobuynewsleepingbags.Butthat’sonlyhalfthegoalforOleita—whosefamilymovedtotheUnitedStatesfromNigeriaadecadeagowiththehopeofattainingabetterlife—andherfellowvolunteers.“Wearedevotedtomakinganimpactnotonlysocially,butenvironmentally,”shesays.(自2020年啟動以來，薯片袋項目已經(jīng)收集了80多萬個薯片袋，截至去年12月，已經(jīng)制作了110個睡袋。當然，籌錢買新睡袋會更簡單。但對Oleita和她的志愿者同伴們來說，這只是他們目標的一半。Oleita一家十年前從尼日利亞搬到美國，希望過上更好的生活。她說：“我們致力于不僅在社會上產(chǎn)生影響，而且致力于在環(huán)境上產(chǎn)生影響。”)”可知，Oleita希望theChipBagProject不僅在社會上，而且在環(huán)境上產(chǎn)生影響，因此，該項目的目的不僅僅是解決社會問題。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“EradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutiontotwoofhercountry’sproblems:garbageandpoverty.It’scalledtheChipBagProject.The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisaskingafavoroflocalsnacklovers:Ratherthanthrowyouremptychipbagsintothetrash,donatethemsoshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.(EradajereOleita認為，她或許能部分解決該國的兩個問題：垃圾和貧困。它被稱為薯片袋計劃。這位來自底特律的26歲學生和環(huán)保主義者請求當?shù)匦〕詯酆谜叩膸椭号c其把你的空薯片袋扔進垃圾桶，不如把它們捐出來，這樣她就可以把它們變成無家可歸者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita希望能部分解決國家垃圾和貧困的問題，并且想到把空薯片袋變成無家可歸者的睡袋，可推測她是有責任心且有創(chuàng)造力的。故選C項。CTheAschConformityExperiments,conductedbypsychologistSolomonAschinthe1950s,demonstratedthepowerofconformity.(從眾)ingroupsandshowedthatevensimpleobjectivefactscannotresistthepressureofgroupinfluence.Intheexperiments,groupsofuniversitystudentswereaskedtoparticipateinaperceptiontest.Inreality,allbutoneoftheparticipantswere“confederates”,cooperatorswiththeexperimenterwhoonlypretendedtobeparticipants.Thestudywasabouthowtheremainingstudentwouldreacttothebehavioroftheother“participants”.Theparticipantsoftheexperimentwerepresentedwithacardwithasimplevertical(垂直)blacklineonit.Then,theyweregivenasecondcardwiththreelinesofvaryinglengthlabeledA.B,andC.Onelineonthesecondcardwasthesamelengthasthatonthefirst,andtheothertwolineswereobviouslylongerandshorter.Participantswereaskedtostateoutloudinfrontofeachotherwhichline,A,B,orC,matchedthelengthofthelineonthefirstcard.Ineachexperimentalcase,theconfederatesansweredfirst,andtherealparticipantwasseatedsothathewouldanswerlast.Insomecases,theconfederatesansweredcorrectly,whileinothers,theyansweredincorrectly.Aschintendedtoseeiftherealparticipantwouldbepressuredtoanswerincorrectlyintheinstanceswhentheconfederatesdidso,orwhethertheirbeliefintheirownperceptionandcorrectnesswouldoutweighthesocialpressureprovidedbytheresponsesoftheothergroupmembers.Aschfoundthatone-thirdofrealparticipantsgavethesamewronganswersastheconfederatesatleasthalfthetime.Fortypercentgavesomewronganswers,andonlyone-fourthgavecorrectanswersindefianceofthepressuretoconformtothewronganswersprovidedbythegroup.Ininterviewsfollowingthetrials,Aschfoundthatforthosewhoansweredincorrectly,inconformancewiththegroup,somebelievedthattheanswersgivenbytheconfederateswerecorrect,somethoughtthattheyweresufferingalapse(失誤)inperceptionwhentheyoriginallyhadtheanswerdifferentfromthegroup,andothersadmittedthattheyknewthattheyhadthecorrectanswer,butconformedtotheincorrectanswerbecausetheydidn’twanttobreakfromthemajority.8.Whataretheparticipantsaskedtodointheexperiment?A.Labelthecardswithdifferentletters. B.Pickouttwolinesofthesamelength.C.Statethereasonformatchingthecards. D.Identifythelongestverticalblackline.9.What’sparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Theresultoftheexperiment. B.Thedesignoftheexperiment.C.Thepurposeoftheexperiment. D.Theprocedureoftheexperiment.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“indefianceof”inparagraph6mean?A.Inspiteof. B.Forfearof. C.Inresponseto. D.Onaccountof.11.Whydidtherealparticipantsgiveawronganswer?A.Theymisunderstoodthequestion. B.Theybelievedtheirownjudgment.C.Theyfailedtoresistgroupinfluence. D.Theywantedtobedifferentfromothers.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了心理學家索洛蒙·阿什的實驗揭示了從眾行為的力量，有些參與者選擇錯誤答案是出于遵循大多數(shù)人的心理，而放棄了自己正確的判斷?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Participantswereaskedtostateoutloudinfrontofeachotherwhichline,A,B,orC,matchedthelengthofthelineonthefirstcard.(參與者被要求在對方面前大聲說出A,B或C中的哪條線與第一張卡片上的線的長度相匹配。)”可知，參與者被要求在實驗中找出兩條長度相同的線。故選B?！?題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段的“Aschintendedtoseeiftherealparticipantwouldbepressuredtoanswerincorrectlyintheinstanceswhentheconfederatesdidso,orwhethertheirbeliefintheirownperceptionandcorrectnesswouldoutweighthesocialpressureprovidedbytheresponsesoftheothergroupmembers.(Asch想看看真正的參與者是否會在同伴回答錯誤的情況下受到壓力，或者他們對自己的看法和正確性的信念是否會超過其他小組成員的回答所帶來的社會壓力。)

”可知，Asch是要通過實驗來看一下參與者面對壓力的反應(yīng)，即本段主要講的是實驗的目的。故選C?！?0題詳解】短語猜測題。根據(jù)第六段的“Aschfoundthatone-thirdofrealparticipantsgavethesamewronganswersastheconfederatesatleasthalfthetime.Fortypercentgavesomewronganswers(Asch發(fā)現(xiàn)，三分之一的真實參與者至少有一半的時間給出了與同伙相同的錯誤答案。40%的人給出了一些錯誤的答案)”可知，這是在描述受到壓力影響的人給出的答案，再由only一詞可知，接下來談的應(yīng)該是不顧壓力影響的人給出的答案，因此，劃線短語意為“無視，不顧”。故選A?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“othersadmittedthattheyknewthattheyhadthecorrectanswer,butconformedtotheincorrectanswerbecausetheydidn’twanttobreakfromthemajority(一些人承認他們知道自己有正確的答案，但因為不想與大多數(shù)人決裂而遵從了錯誤的答案。)”可知，真正的參與者給出了錯誤的答案是因為他們未能抵制群體的影響。故選C。DYou’reasleeponaSaturdaymorningwhenthesoundofanalarmclockeruptsfromyourdevice.YouturnovertoseethewordSNOOZEprojectedintheairaboveyourdevice.Youreachoutandtouchthevirtualbuttonwithyourfinger—aslightfeelingonyourfingertip—beforefallingbacktosleep.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofTsukubainJapanareworkingonatechnologythatcouldmakethispossible.LedbyassociateprofessorYoichiOchiai,theteamcreatesshapesintheairusingalaser(激光)thatreleasesshortpulses(脈沖)oflight.Thehigh-intensitylightcanbreakdownairmolecules(分子),whichproducesshort-livedspotsoflight.Thesystempolishesimagesbyrapidlyadjustingthecentralpointofthelaserinthreedimensions.Apreviousversionofthetechnologyusednano-secondlaserpulses,whichhavetheunfortunatesideeffectofburninghumanskin.Ochiai’ssystem,namedFairyLights,employsmuchshorterlaserpulsesthataremuchlessdangerousdespitehavingahighpeakintensity,Ochiaisays.Thetinyhearts,starsandfairiesthatthesystemprojectsarenotonlysafetotouch,buttheyaresensitivetocontact.Inonetest,thesystemprojectsacheckboxthatcanbefilledinwithyourfinger.“Itfeelslikesandpaperoramildelectricshock,”O(jiān)chiaisays.Ochiaialsopredictslarge-scaleemergencymonitorsthatcouldbeprojectedhighoveracitytowarnresidentsaboutanaturaldisasterordirectthemtowardanescaperoute.Whiletheinitialimageswerenotlarge,Ochiaisaystheflexibilityofthesystemdependsonthesizeandpoweroftheequipmentused.Largesystemsarecurrentlyexpensive,hesays,addingthattechnologiesthatdrawimageswilllikelybecomemoreachievableoverthenext10to20yearsasthemulti-million-dollarpricedecreases.12.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingparagraph1?A.Todescribeasceneofsleep-in. B.Topromoteahigh-techalarmclock.C.Toexplainthefunctionofaproject. D.Tointroducetheuseofanewtechnology.13.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A.Imagescanbeprojectedintheair. B.Shapescanbereleasedbypulsesoflight.C.Thesystemcanbeadjustedinthreedimensions. D.Airmoleculescanbebrokendowninashorttime.14.WhatdoweknowaboutFairyLights?A.Itprojectsimagessafetotouch. B.Itbringsbenefitstohumanskin.C.Itemploysnano-secondlaserpulses. D.Itbecomessensitivetoelectriccurrents.15.Accordingtoparagraph4,Ochiaimightagreethat________.A.ThetechnologywillbeputinuseinadecadeortwoB.ThetechnologycanaccuratelypredictnaturaldisastersC.Thesystemcaninformpeopleofasaferescaperoute.D.Themoreflexiblethesystemis,thelargertheimagewillbe【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。日本學者成功研制出可以利用激光在空中投射圖像新技術(shù)，文章介紹了該技術(shù)的前景、原理和未來趨勢?！驹斀狻?.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“You’reasleeponaSaturdaymorningwhenthesoundofanalarmclockeruptsfromyourdevice.YouturnovertoseethewordSNOOZEprojectedintheairaboveyourdevice.Youreachoutandtouchthevirtualbuttonwithyourfinger—aslightfeelingonyourfingertip—beforefallingbacktosleep.(周六早上，當鬧鐘的聲音從你的設(shè)備中爆發(fā)出來的時候，你正在睡覺。你轉(zhuǎn)過身來，看到“瞌睡”這個詞投射在你的設(shè)備上方的空氣中。你伸出手，用手指觸摸虛擬按鈕——指尖有輕微的感覺——然后再次入睡。)”可知，本段描述了可以在空中點擊虛擬按鈕關(guān)閉鬧鐘的景象，結(jié)合第二段中“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofTsukubainJapanareworkingonatechnologythatcouldmakethispossible.(來自日本筑波大學的研究人員正在研究一種技術(shù)，可以使這一切成為可能。)”和下文可知，文章接下來介紹了這樣的景象是可能的，并詳細介紹了該技術(shù)，由此可推知，第一段是為了介紹新技術(shù)的使用，故選D。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“LedbyassociateprofessorYoichiOchiai,theteamcreatesshapesintheairusingalaser(激光)thatreleasesshortpulses(脈沖)oflight.(由副教授YoichiOchiai領(lǐng)導的研究小組利用激光在空氣中產(chǎn)生形狀，激光釋放短脈沖的光。)”可知，在空中創(chuàng)造圖像是使用可以釋放短脈沖光的激光實現(xiàn)的，并且該段第一句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofTsukubainJapanareworkingonatechnologythatcouldmakethispossible.(來自日本筑波大學的研究人員正在研究一種技術(shù)，可以使這一切成為可能。)”也表明了新技術(shù)可以讓點擊虛擬按鈕的景象成為現(xiàn)實，由此可推知，該項技術(shù)是可以在空中投射圖片，故選A。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thetinyhearts,starsandfairiesthatthesystemprojectsarenotonlysafetotouch,buttheyaresensitivetocontact.(這些小小的愛心、星星和仙女不僅可以安全地觸摸，而且接觸也很靈敏。)”可知，由FairyLights投射出來的小愛心、星星等圖片是可以安全觸碰的，故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ochiaialsopredictslarge-scaleemergencymonitorsthatcouldbeprojectedhighoveracitytowarnresidentsaboutanaturaldisasterordirectthemtowardanescaperoute.(Ochiai也預(yù)言，大規(guī)模的應(yīng)急監(jiān)測器可以被投射到一個城市的上空，以警告居民有關(guān)自然災(zāi)害或指導他們走向逃生路線。)”可知，Ochiai預(yù)言，大型的危急情況可以投放在城市上空來提醒居民自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生或為他們指明逃生道路，由此可推知，Ochiai或許認為這個系統(tǒng)可以告知人們更安全的逃生路線。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Haveyouconsideredhowtochooseyourmajorinuniversity,whichisofgreatsignificanceforyourfuturecareer?Hereissomepracticaladvice.Initially,don’tchooseamajormerelybasedonmoney,otherwisemistakeswillhappen.____16____Canyouseeyourselfinvestingthenext40yearsinthiscareerwithoutgettingbored?Actuallychoosingamajorwithhigh-payingcareerwon’tguaranteeyouahigh-payingjob.Itdependsonpositionopeningsandyourcompetitorswhenyougraduate.____17____Youwanttopicksomethingthatinterestsyou,butyouneedtobesureyouwon’tgetsickofitastimeprogresses.____18____Ahobbyisapursuitoutsideone’sregularoccupationforrelaxationwhilepassioncomfortsyouanddrivesyoucrazyatthesametime.Itisn’trelaxing.Itinsertsitselfintoyourlife.Whenyouchoosetostudyyourhobbyandbuildyourlifearoundit,itcanloseitsappealandwon’tberelaxing.Thirdly,neverchooseamajorbyfeelinginsteadofresearch.Beinginterestedinamajorisn’tenough.Researchingthefieldwillensureyoutochoosearightmajor.Ifyouknowsomeoneinthefield,askthemforsomeinformation.Besides,considertheentirejourneyyou’llpursue—thecoursework,themajordemands,theschooltimeyou’llneed,andtheavailablejobprospects.____19____Lastly,don’talwaysdependonyourparents.____20____However,thechoiceisultimatelyyours.Ifanyonewantstohelpyouinchoosingamajorandyoucompletelyagreewiththeiropinions,thengowithit.Butifyouwantyourfuturetogoinanyotherdirection,speakup.Theonlywaytogetthebestoutcomeistoshapeyourownfuture.A.Next,ahobbyisnevermeanttobeyourpriority.B.Theopinionsofyourfamilyaren’tsomethingtoignore.C.Besides,keepabalancebetweenhobbiesandrelaxation.D.Typically,peoplewillconfusetheirhobbieswiththeirpassions.E.Youshouldalsoconsideryourpassions,dislikes,andhappiness.F.Remembercollegeisaninvestmentofbothyourtimeandmoney.G.Ifyou’repassionateaboutamajorafterresearch,followyourheart.【答案】16.E17.A18.D19.G20.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要針對如何選擇對未來職業(yè)有用的大學專業(yè)提出了一些實用的建議?！?6題詳解】前文“Initially,don’tchooseamajormerelybasedonmoney,otherwisemistakeswillhappen.(一開始，不要僅僅基于金錢來選擇專業(yè)，否則會出錯。)”講述了不要僅僅根據(jù)金錢來選擇專業(yè)，空處應(yīng)講述應(yīng)該考慮的其他因素，E項“你還應(yīng)該考慮你的激情、厭惡和幸福?！狈项}意。故選E?！?7題詳解】空處是本段的主旨句。根據(jù)后文的“Youwanttopicksomethingthatinterestsyou,butyouneedtobesureyouwon’tgetsickofitastimeprogresses.(你想挑選一些你感興趣的東西，但你需要確保隨著時間的推移，你不會厭倦它。)”和“Whenyouchoosetostudyyourhobbyandbuildyourlifearoundit,itcanloseitsappealandwon’tberelaxing.(當你選擇研究你的愛好并圍繞它建立你的生活時，它可能會失去吸引力，也不會令人放松。)”可知，本段主要講述的是選擇專業(yè)的時候不要首先考慮自己的愛好，A項“其次，愛好從來都不是你的首要任務(wù)?！狈项}意。故選A。【18題詳解】后文“Ahobbyisapursuitoutsideone’sregularoccupationforrelaxationwhilepassioncomfortsyouanddrivesyoucrazyatthesametime.(愛好是一種在日常工作之外的放松追求，而激情既能安慰你，又能讓你發(fā)瘋。)”講述了愛好和激情之間的區(qū)別，所以空處應(yīng)講述的是二者容易被混為一談，D項“通常，人們會將自己的愛好與激情混為一談?！狈项}意。故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段主旨句“Thirdly,neverchooseamajorbyfeelinginsteadofresearch.(第三，千萬不要憑感覺而非研究來選擇專業(yè)。)”可知，本段主要建議在選專業(yè)之前要進行研究，G項“如果你在研究之后對某個專業(yè)充滿熱情，那就用心去做吧?！狈项}意。故選G?！?0題詳解】前文“Lastly,don’talwaysdependonyourparents.(最后，不要總是依賴你的父母。)”講述了不要總是依賴父母的意見，后文“However,thechoiceisultimatelyyours.(然而，最終選擇權(quán)在你。)”講述了最終做決定的是你自己，由此可知，空處應(yīng)是說家人的意見不容忽視，B項“你的家人的意見不容忽視。”符合題意。故選B。第二部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。Havingrepeatedlyheard“goodmanners”,doyoureallyunderstandwhatthebasicelementsofgoodmannersare?Certainly,astrongsenseofjusticeisone—(fromthisangle)politenessisoften____21____butahighlydevelopedsenseoffairplay.Afriendofmineoncetoldmeofhim____22____alongaone-lanedirtroad.____23____wasanothercarthatproducedcloudsofchoking____24____,anditwasalongwaytothenearesthighway.Suddenly,ata____25____place,thecarinfrontpulledofftheroad.____26____thatitsownermighthaveenginetrouble,myfriendstoppedandaskedifanythingwaswrong.“No”,saidtheotherdriver,“butyou’vetoleratedmydustthisfar;I’ll____27____yourstherestoftheway.”Anotherelementofpolitenessisempathy,a(an)____28____thatenablesapersontoseeintothemindorheartofsomeoneelse,to____29____thepainorsufferingthereandtodosomethingtominimizeit.Aman_____30_____aloneinarestaurantwastryingtounscrew(擰開)thecapofabeerbottle._____31_____,hecouldn’tdoitbecauseofbadlyinjured_____32_____.Heturnedtoayoungkidforhelp.Thekidtookthebottle,_____33_____andloosenedthecapwithoutdifficulty.Thenhe_____34_____itagain.Turningbacktotheman,he_____35_____tomakegreateffortstoopenthebottlewithoutsuccess._____36_____hetookitintothekitchenandreturnedshortly,sayingthathehad_____37_____toloosenit—butonlywithapairofpliers(鉗子).Lastbutnotleast,theabilitytotreatallpeople_____38_____isalsoanelementofpoliteness,regardlessofstatusorimportance._____39_____whenyouhavedoubtsaboutsomepeople,actasiftheyareworthyofyourbestmanners.Areyouastonishedtofindoutthebasicfactorsof“_____40_____”?21.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything22.A.driving B.running C.riding D.walking23.A.Ahead B.Before C.Behind D.After24.A.ash B.smoke C.steam D.dust25.A.cleaner B.flatter C.wider D.straighter26.A.Consuming B.Finding C.Guessing D.Confirming27.A.doawaywith B.putupwith C.catchupwith D.goonwith28.A.quality B.personality C.behavior D.technique29.A.reduce B.accept C.remove D.understand30.A.dining B.begging C.working D.performing31.A.Otherwise B.However C.Therefore D.Meanwhile32.A.legs B.heart C.mouth D.fingers33.A.satdown B.tookalook C.turnedaround D.thoughttwice34.A.watched B.checked C.covered D.tightened35.A.seemed B.pretended C.promised D.happened36.A.Luckily B.Happily C.Finally D.Sadly37.A.tried B.failed C.meant D.managed38.A.nicely B.alike C.warmly D.happily39.A.Ever B.Specially C.Especially D.Even40.A.politeness B.manner C.elements D.empathy【答案】21.B22.A23.A24.D25.C26.C27.B28.A29.D30.A31.B32.D33.C34.D35.B36.C37.D38.B39.C40.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章論述了禮貌的基本要素都有哪些，作者列舉了幾個要素，比如公平對待自己和他人、具備同理心以及對所有人一視同仁等。【21題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：當然，強烈的正義感是其中之——（從這個角度看）禮貌通常只不過是高度發(fā)展的公平競爭意識。A.anything任何事；B.nothing沒事；C.something某事；D.everything所有事。根據(jù)下文“but”可知，橫線處的詞需要和but能形成一個固定搭配，nothingbut的意思是“就是”，符合語境，故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的一個朋友曾經(jīng)告訴我，他在一條單車道的土路上開車。A.driving開車；B.running跑步；C.riding騎車；D.walking步行。根據(jù)下文“wasanothercar”可知，能在一條單車道上行駛的，一定是正在開車，故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：前面是另一輛車，揚起嗆人的塵土，離最近的高速公路還有很長一段路。A.Ahead在前方；B.Before在……前；C.Behind在……后：D.After隨后。根據(jù)第5小題“thecarinfrontpulledofftheroad”可知，這輛車是開在了作者朋友的前面，需要注意before指的是時間的先后順序，并不是物理空間上的前后，故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：前面是另一輛車，揚起嗆人的塵土，離最近的高速公路還有很長一段路。A.ash灰燼；B.smoke煙；C.steam蒸汽；D.dust塵土。根據(jù)第7小題“you’vetoleratedmydustthisfar”可知，作者的朋友一直在忍受這輛車揚起的塵土，故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，在一個較寬的地方，前車駛離了馬路。A.cleaner更干凈的；B.flatter更扁平的；C.wider更寬的；D.straighter更直的。根據(jù)下文“thecarinfrontpulledofftheroad”可知，前面這輛車停下了，如果道路很窄，它是不能停下的，說明在這里道路變寬了，故選C項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的朋友猜想它的主人可能是發(fā)動機出了問題，于是停下來問它是不是出了什么問題。A.Consuming消耗；B.Finding找到；C.Guessing猜測；D.Confirming確認。根據(jù)下文“askedifanythingwaswrong”可知，作者朋友下車詢問是不是需要幫助，說明作者朋友看到前車停下后心生疑惑，猜測是不是發(fā)生引擎故障了，故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：但你容忍我的灰塵到現(xiàn)在為止，我會忍受你剩下的路。A.doawaywith處理掉；B.putupwith忍受；C.catchupwith追上；D.goonwith繼續(xù)。根據(jù)上文“you’vetoleratedmydustthisfar”可知，作者朋友一直在忍受前車的塵土，司機認為現(xiàn)在輪到自己來忍受別人的塵土，故選B項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：禮貌的另一個要素是同理心，這種品質(zhì)使一個人能夠看到別人的思想或心靈，理解那里的痛苦或苦難，并采取行動將其最小化。A.quality品質(zhì)；B.personality人性；C.behavior行為；D.technique技巧。根據(jù)上文“Anotherelementofpolitenessisempathy”可知，同理心也是禮貌的要素，這是一種品質(zhì)，注意B選項的“人性”是個很大的概念，同理心只是人性中很小的組成部分而已，故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：禮貌的另一個要素是同理心，這種品質(zhì)使一個人能夠看到別人的思想或心靈，理解那里的痛苦或苦難，并采取行動將其最小化。A.reduce減少；B.accept接受；C.remove移除；D.understand理解。根據(jù)下文“todosomethingtominimizeit”可知，面對別人的痛苦，我們要做些什么來減少痛苦，那么首先就要理解他人的痛苦，故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一個獨自在餐館吃飯的人正試圖擰開啤酒瓶的瓶蓋。A.dining進餐；B.begging祈求；C.working工作；D.performing表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文“inarestaurant”可知，這個人在餐廳里的動作應(yīng)該就是吃飯，也就是進餐，故選A項?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他不能這樣做，因為嚴重受傷的手指。A.Otherwise要不然；B.However無論如何，然而；C.Therefore所以；D.Meanwhile同時。根據(jù)下文“hecouldn’tdoit”可知，他想打開瓶蓋，但是卻打不開，這個句子和上個句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他不能這樣做，因為嚴重受傷的手指。A.legs腿；B.heart心臟；C.mouth嘴；D.fingers手指。根據(jù)上文“unscrew(擰開)thecapofabeerbottle”和“hecouldn’tdoit”可知，這位先生無法擰開瓶蓋，說明他的手指頭受傷了，故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：小孩拿過瓶子，轉(zhuǎn)過身，毫不費力地擰開了瓶蓋。A.satdown坐下；B.tookalook看一眼；C.turnedaround離開；D.thoughttwice三思。根據(jù)下文“Turningbacktotheman”可知，這個小朋友后來重新轉(zhuǎn)回來面向他，說明小朋友開始把身體轉(zhuǎn)過去了，故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后又把瓶蓋擰緊了。A.watched觀看；B.checked檢查；C.covered覆蓋；D.tightened擰緊。根據(jù)下文“makegreateffortstoopenthebottle”可知，小朋友后來假裝使勁擰開瓶蓋，說明他又把瓶蓋給擰緊了，故選D項。【35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他轉(zhuǎn)過身來對著那個人，假裝使了很大的力氣也沒有打開瓶子。A.seemed好像；B.pretended假裝；C.promised承諾；D.happened發(fā)生。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)oosenedthecapwithoutdifficulty”可知，小朋友其實已經(jīng)輕松地把瓶蓋擰開了，但是為了保護這位先生的顏面，他又給瓶蓋擰緊了，所以現(xiàn)在他是在假裝重新擰開瓶蓋，故選B項?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，他把它拿到廚房去，很快就回來了，說他已經(jīng)把它弄松了。A.Luckily幸運地；B.Happily開心地；C.Finally最終；D.Sadly悲傷地。根據(jù)下文“hetookitintothekitchenandreturnedshortly”可知，這個小朋友做完了一切后，最后去了廚房，假裝用鉗子打開了，故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，他把它拿到廚房去，很快就回來了，說他已經(jīng)把它弄松了。A.tried嘗試；B.failed失??；C.meant意味著；D.managed設(shè)法做。根據(jù)下文“butonlywithapairofpliers”可知，這個小朋友聲稱他用鉗子把瓶蓋打開了，說明他已經(jīng)成功打開了瓶蓋，故選D項?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，但很重要的是，能夠一視同仁地對待所有人也是禮貌的一個要素，無論地位高低，重要性如何。A.nicely好地；B.alike相似地；C.warmly溫暖地；D.happily開心地。根據(jù)下文“regardlessofstatusorimportance”可知，每個人的身份地位都不一樣，這里表達的意思是禮貌的要素之一就是能夠無視這些差異，能相同地對待所有人，故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：尤其是當你對某些人心存疑慮時，要表現(xiàn)得好像他們值得你以最好的態(tài)度對待。A.Ever曾經(jīng)；B.Specially特別地；C.Especially尤其地；D.Even甚至。根據(jù)下文“whenyouhavedoubtsaboutsomepeople”可知，作者這句話是對上句話的進一步解釋，當我們對有些人心存疑慮時，也能夠?qū)λ麄円灰曂?，這是一種特殊情況，其它選項不符合語境，故選C項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當你發(fā)現(xiàn)“禮貌”的基本要素時，你是否感到驚訝？A.politeness禮貌；B.manner禮儀；C.elements元素；D.empathy同理心。根據(jù)上文“ane