瀏覽該文件-proverbs,idiomsands第六講

瀏覽該文件-proverbs,idiomsands第六講Proverbs,IdiomsandSayingsDefinitionofProverbSayingsomethingwilloften,orevennormally,producecertainconsequentialeffectsuponthefeelings,thoughts,oractionsoftheaudience,orofthespeaker,orofotherpurposeofproducingthem…Weshallcalltheperformanceofanactofthiskindtheperformanceofaperlocutionaryact.

Proverbsandculture

InorderthatEnglishproverbsmaybeutilizedinanappropriatefashionbyChinesespeakersofEnglishitisimportantthatthenon-nativespeakerunderstandtheculturalfoundationbehindthephonological,lexical,andsyntacticstructureofsuchutterances.DirectiveandNon-directiveProverbs

(指令性的和非指令性的諺語)

DirectiveactisdescribedbyBachandHarnishas“theactthatexpressthespeaker’sattitudetowardsomeprospectiveactionbythehearerandhisintentionthathisutterance,ortheattitudeitexpress,betakenasareasonforthehearer’saction.”DirectiveandNon-directiveProverbsNon-directive:theactthatexpressthespeaker’sbeliefandhisintentionordesirethatthehearerhaveorformalikebelief.Non-directivescanbefurtherclassifiedintothreecategoriesbasedoncontentorsyntacticform:MoralAphorisms,Homilies,andAphoristicSentences.(非指令性的諺語可以分為有道德寓意的警句、基于常識(shí)的格言以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的警句式的句子)ThemainfeaturesofChineseproverbs1.theimmensenumber:foralmostallconceivablesituations2.

thedistinctiveChinesequality3.

thenumberreflectingsocialinequalitiesandthefeelingsofthosedeprivedandoppressed.4.

theinfluenceofBuddhismonChinesecustomsandthinking5.

focusonsocialharmony,orbrotherhood.中英文諺語相似的指令性諺語1.三思而后行Lookbeforeyouleap---WhiletheEnglishproverbisorientedtowardphysicalaction,“l(fā)eap”and“l(fā)ook”,constitutingthree-dimensionalimagery,theChinesesayingismathematicallylinear:“thrice”andnon-physical:“think”,amorestaticimagery.2.教不嚴(yán)師之惰（玉不琢不成器）Sparetherodandspoilthechild TheoldestversionofthisproverbisintheOldTestamentoftheBible(Proverbs23:34):“Hethatsparethhisrodhatethhisson;buthethatlovethhimchastenthhimbetimes.” SamuelButlerwrotethefollowingcouplet:“Loveisaboybypoetsstyled;/Thensparetherod,andspoilthechild.”3.夜長夢(mèng)多 Don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.4.孤注一擲 Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket5.打草驚蛇 Letsleepingdogslie.6.今日事今日畢 Don’tputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.非指令性諺語

1.物以類聚 Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.1．

繡花枕頭 Beautyisonlyskindeep.2．

近朱者赤近墨者黑 Cleanlinessisnexttogodliness(Redisnexttoscarlet)3．

金玉其外敗絮其中 Allthatglittersisnotgold.4．

忠厚傳家久 Charitybeginsathome.5．

與人方便自己方便 Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldn’tthrowstones6．

與人方便自己方便 Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldn’tthrowstones7有勝于無 Betterlatethannever.8．人多好辦事 Manyhandsmakelightwork.9．這山望著那山高。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.10．欲速則不達(dá) Hastemakeswaste.11．未雨綢繆 Astitchintimesavesnine.12．生米煮成熟飯 It’sfoolishtocryoverspiltmilk.13．新官上任三把火 Anewbroomsweepsclean.14．親戚遠(yuǎn)來香鄰居高打墻 Absencemakestheheartfonder.15．雷聲大雨點(diǎn)小 Abarkingdogseldombites.16．氣寬壽長Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.17．紙包不住火Wherethere’ssmoke,there’sfire. 18．不怕慢只怕站不怕站只怕轉(zhuǎn) Arollingstonegathersnomoss.19．省了鹽酸了醬 Pennywise,poundfoolish.

英漢諺語表面相似的例如：

1.gildingthelily≠錦上添花TheEnglishproverbimpliessth.alreadyfine,goodorbeautifulbyaddingsthinanattempttomakeitbetter.2掛羊頭賣狗肉≠hangupasheep’sheadandselldog-meat.Trytopalmoffsth.inferiortowhatitpurportstobe.IdiomsOfallthedifferentkindsofEnglishidioms,perhapsthehardesttolearnarethosecomprisingthefortyorsomostcommonverbsinvariouscombinationswithaboutadozenprepositionsoradverbslikeup,down,in,out,on,off.Thedifferentmeaningsofsuchcombinationsamounttoseveralhundred,andtheconfusionthattheycauseforthelearnerisimmense.Beforehegetsthehangofhowtousethemhe’llmakealotofmistakes.Somemistakeswillcausepeopletoholdtheirsideswithlaughter,butthatshouldn’tputhiminastew.Heshouldlearntoputupwithsuchthings.Youmightsaythat’spartofthegame.受歷史文化影響形成的習(xí)語

1.航海與美國早期文化Allaboard!請(qǐng)大家上船/上車！runafoulof與…相撞，與…纏繞/與…相抵觸；與…發(fā)生糾葛backandfill船順流而下時(shí)不斷調(diào)整風(fēng)帆，使船蜿蜒前行/不斷改變立場(chǎng)，朝三暮四burnone’sboats自斷退路inthesameboat處于同樣的命運(yùn)中incommission（船艦）服現(xiàn)役的/可以運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的outofcommission（船艦）推出現(xiàn)役的/損壞的hailfrom（船）來自…./（人）來自…takeinsail卷縮風(fēng)蓬/抑制雄心；減少活動(dòng)smoothsailing一帆風(fēng)順；輕而易舉的事情turnatide（船）逆流而上/反潮流；反抗indeepwaters在困境中inroughwater災(zāi)難重重；處于混亂狀態(tài)pouroilontroubledwaters平息風(fēng)波/平息怒氣由大海和航行引申出來的詞組有：

floatingcapital流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) floatingmoney游資 floatingcargo 未到貨 floatingpopulation流動(dòng)人口 floatingfund 浮游資金 floatingsupply浮動(dòng)庫存 floatinggoods過境貨物，在途貨物 floatingtrade海上貿(mào)易floatingisland浮島，蛋白（蛋羹） floatingvoter無黨派投票人floatingloan流動(dòng)貸款2.牛仔用語及其引申含義

tenderfoot（西部荒涼地區(qū)的）新來者，尚無經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人horsesense粗淺但實(shí)用的知識(shí)；常識(shí)bitethedu