2023-2024學(xué)年河南省中州聯(lián)盟高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省中州聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末英語試卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Writealist.B.Getthemap.C.Waitfortheman.2.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hecuthisfoot.B.Heforgothisnotes.C.Hefoughtwithhisfriends.3.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Dohousework.B.Collectthekids.C.Drivehertothestation.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahotel.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ajobchoice.B.Topcompanies.C.Workexperience.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Brotherandsister.C.Husbandandwife.7.WhatdoesthemansuggestbuyingforLily?A.Apairofshorts.B.Apairofsportsshoes.C.Apairofrunningsocks.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howisthewomanfeelingthesedays?A.Excited.B.Stressful.C.Relaxed.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Haveregularbreaks.B.Keepahealthydiet.C.Domorework.10.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetotheman’sidea?A.Positive.B.Unconcerned.C.Doubtful.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthemanlikedoinginhisfreetime?A.Observingclouds.B.Watchingbirds.C.Listeningtosongs.12.Whatisthebestwaytoclearhismindaccordingtotheman?A.Singingsongs.B.Pickingupleaves.C.Walkinginnature.13.Whatdoesthewomanagreetodowiththeman?A.Takephotos.B.Gohiking.C.Planttrees.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheman?A.Ateacher.B.Adirector.C.Ahost.15.WhichyearofseniorhighschoolisAnnainnow?A.Thefirstyear.B.Thesecondyear.C.Thethirdyear.16.WhatdidAnnaandherfriendsdiscusswiththeirteacher?A.Whentomeetfortheclub.B.Wheretoruntheclub.C.Howtofindfilms.17.WhatisthemostinterestingthingforAnna?A.Watchingfilms.B.Discussingfilms.C.Buyingfilms.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.InhowmanydayshasErchanarun150marathons?A.150.B.160.C.320.19.WhydidErchanarunthemarathons?A.Toincreaseawarenessoftheriskofextinction.B.Toraisemoneyforhomelessanimals.C.Towinagoldmedalforhercountry.20.WhatcanwelearnaboutErchana?A.Sheishonest.B.Sheismodest.C.Sheisdetermined.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AFromMilantoRiyadh,theseculture-packedcitiesoffercreativeexperiences,whetherthroughinterestingstreetarts,innovativeexhibitionsoraward-winningarchitectures.MilanMilan’sfashionheritagedatesbacktoitsdaysasanimportanttradingcenter,whenrichbusinessmenwouldbringluxuriousclothestothecityandimprovetheirbartering(以物易物)skillsinitsstreets.Thearea’sfashion-forwardreputationwaslaterstrengthenedbydesignmasterssuchasGiorgioArmani,Dolce&GabbanaandVersace,allofwhomgrewtheirbrandshere.ShanghaiShanghaihasalonghistoryinthefieldsofartandarchitecture,andhaslongattractedcreativeprofessionalsbothdomesticallyandinternationally.Buttoday,theintegrationoftraditionaltemplesintothesurroundingmodernmetropolis(大都市)continuestoattracttourists.BeginwithawanderthroughthestreetsoftheoriginalOldCity,takinginthe600-year-oldCityGodTempleandthenine-bendJiuQuQiao.Then,makefortheShanghaiMuseum,wheremorethanamillionartifacts—includingancientsculptures,chinaandcalligraphy—areondisplay.CopenhagenCopenhagen’sarchitecturehasbeenawardedmanyhonorsovertheyears,includingUNESCOWorldCapitalofArchitecture2023.Today,manyofthecity’smostpopulartourroutescentreontheseeye-catchingaspects.Theharbour-frontCopenhagenOperaHousepresentsaneo-futuristicstylewhiletheBlackDiamondRoyalLibraryandtheBicycleBridgedottheskylinewiththeirdistinctivedesigns.RiyadhSaudiArabia’slargestcityRiyadhhasactivelypositioneditselfasaglobaldestinationforcreativetravellersandtothisend,ithasestablishedtheRiyadhArtinitiative.Thefirstpublicartprojectofitskindinthecountry,RiyadhArtaimstotransformthecityintoa“gallerywithoutwalls”throughpublicartinstallations,festivalsandworkshops.1.WhatisMilanfamousfor?A.Itsfestivals. B.Itsfashionproducts. C.Itsarchitecture. D.Itsmodernart.2.WherewillyougoifyouwanttovisittheBicycleBridge?A.Copenhagen. B.Shanghai. C.Milan. D.Riyadh.3.WhatdoweknowaboutRiyadh?A.ItisSaudiArabia’ssecondlargestcity. B.Ithasalotofgallerieswithoutwalls.C.Itaimstoattractcreativevisitors. D.ItplanstosetuptheRiyadhArtinitiative.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個獨(dú)具特色建筑的城市。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Milan”下文中的“Milan’sfashionheritagedatesbacktoitsdaysasanimportanttradingcenter,whenrichbusinessmenwouldbringluxuriousclothestothecityandimprovetheirbartering(以物易物)skillsinitsstreets.Thearea’sfashion-forwardreputationwaslaterstrengthenedbydesignmasterssuchasGiorgioArmani,Dolce&GabbanaandVersace,allofwhomgrewtheirbrandshere.”（米蘭的時尚遺產(chǎn)可以追溯到它作為一個重要的貿(mào)易中心的時代，當(dāng)時富有的商人會把奢侈的衣服帶到這座城市，并在街頭提高他們的物物交換技能。后來，喬治·阿瑪尼（GiorgioArmani）、杜嘉班納（Dolce&Gabbana）和范思哲（Dolce&Gabbana）等設(shè)計大師在這里創(chuàng)立了自己的品牌，進(jìn)一步鞏固了該地區(qū)的時尚前沿聲譽(yù)。）可知，Milan以其時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)而聞名，許多設(shè)計大師在這里創(chuàng)立了自己的品牌，進(jìn)一步鞏固了該地區(qū)的時尚前沿聲譽(yù)。故選B。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Copenhagen”下文中“Theharbour-frontCopenhagenOperaHousepresentsaneo-futuristicstylewhiletheBlackDiamondRoyalLibraryandtheBicycleBridgedottheskylinewiththeirdistinctivedesigns.”（海港前的哥本哈根歌劇院呈現(xiàn)出新未來主義風(fēng)格，而黑鉆石皇家圖書館（BlackDiamondRoyalLibrary）和自行車橋（BicycleBridge）則以其獨(dú)特的設(shè)計點(diǎn)綴在天際線上。）可知，如果想要參觀BicycleBridge可以去Copenhagen。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Riyadh”下文中“SaudiArabia’slargestcityRiyadhhasactivelypositioneditselfasaglobaldestinationforcreativetravellersandtothisend,ithasestablishedtheRiyadhArtinitiative.”（沙特阿拉伯最大的城市利雅得積極地將自己定位為創(chuàng)意旅行者的全球目的地，為此，它建立了利雅得藝術(shù)倡議。）可推知，利雅得希望能吸引全球的創(chuàng)意旅行者。故選C。BEstefaníaRebellónwasonceamigrant(流動的)child.Shewas10whenherfamilyfledCali,Colombia,becauseofdeaththreatstoherfather,whohadbeenforcedintohiding.TheysettledinMiami.Despitethechallengesshefacedasamigrantchild,shewasluckytohaveteacherswhoadvocatedforherandguidedheralongtheway.RebellónmovedfromMiamitoLosAngeleswhenshewas21topursueanactingcareer.In2018,shewassomovedaftervolunteeringinmigrantcampsinTijuanathatsheputhercareeronhold.“Therewerenoschoolssetuptohelpthesekids.Theywerewalkingaroundthecampsbarefoot,”shesaid.RebellónandherpartnerKyleSchmidtusedabout$1,000oftheirsavingstobuytentsandsuppliesandsetupamakeshift(臨時的)schoolattheborder.Theyenlistedvolunteerteacherstoprovidelearningopportunitiesinthecamps.Inthemonthsthatfollowed,whenthosefamilieslivinginthecampsweremovedtoshelters,RebellónandSchmidtwantedtocontinueofferingeducationalservices.“Ithought,‘Whydon’tweturnabusintoamobileclassroom,andwecouldtakeittoallthedifferentshelters?’”Rebellónsaid.Overthenextyear,RebellónandSchmidtboughtandtransformedabus,partneredwithshelters,anddrovethebusovertheborder.In2019,sheco-foundedtheYesWeCanWorldFoundation,anonprofitorganizationthatbelieveseverychildhastherighttoeducationandsafespacesregardlessoftheirlocation,currentlegalstatusoreconomicbackground.Rebellón’sorganizationhiresprofessionalteachersandtailorstheircurriculum(課程)tothespecificneedsofeachstudent.“TheprogramhasbeenofficiallyapprovedbytheeducationsecretaryinMexicoandserveschildrenaged3to15—acrucialperiodforeducation,”Rebellónsaid.Today,theYesWeCanWorldFoundationeducates250—300kidsadaythroughitsfourschoollocationsalongtheborderandthreemobileschoolbuses.“Since2019,thegrouphasservedmorethan3,100migrantchildrenfrom10countries,”Rebellónsaid.4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutRebellónfromthefirstparagraph?A.Shereceiveddeaththreats. B.Herteachershelpedheralot.C.Shewasforcedintohiding. D.Heractingcareerbeganearly.5.WhatdidRebellónrealizewhilevolunteeringinmigrantcamps?A.Sheshouldvalueherhard-wonlife.B.Childrencouldbehappyinanyenvironment.C.Migrantkidslackedopportunitiesforschooling.D.Shewasluckytohavetheabilitytohelpothers.6.WhydidRebellónturnabusintoaclassroom?A.Tosetthesceneforhershow.B.Torealizeherchildhooddream.C.Togivefullplaytothevalueofabus.D.Toofferchildrenconvenientaccesstoeducation.7.WhatcanwesayabouttheimpactoftheYesWeCanWorldFoundation?A.It’sfar-reaching. B.It’spredictable.C.It’sshort-lived. D.It’sunidentifiable.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了EstefaníaRebellón如何從一位移民兒童成長為一個致力于幫助其他移民兒童獲得教育機(jī)會的慈善組織創(chuàng)始人。她通過創(chuàng)立YesWeCanWorldFoundation，為移民兒童提供教育和安全的空間，無論他們的位置、法律地位或經(jīng)濟(jì)背景如何?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Despitethechallengesshefacedasamigrantchild,shewasluckytohaveteacherswhoadvocatedforherandguidedheralongtheway.(盡管作為一名流動兒童，她面臨著諸多挑戰(zhàn)，但幸運(yùn)的是，她有老師支持她，并一路指導(dǎo)她。)”可知，Rebellón的老師們給了她很大幫助。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In2018,shewassomovedaftervolunteeringinmigrantcampsinTijuanathatsheputhercareeronhold.“Therewerenoschoolssetuptohelpthesekids.Theywerewalkingaroundthecampsbarefoot,”shesaid.(2018年，在Tijuana的移民營地做志愿者后，她非常感動，以至于暫停了自己的職業(yè)生涯。“沒有學(xué)校來幫助這些孩子。他們光著腳在營地里走來走去?！?”可知，Rebellón在難民營做義工時意識到流動兒童缺乏上學(xué)的機(jī)會。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Inthemonthsthatfollowed,whenthosefamilieslivinginthecampsweremovedtoshelters,RebellónandSchmidtwantedtocontinueofferingeducationalservices.(在接下來的幾個月里，當(dāng)那些住在難民營的家庭被轉(zhuǎn)移到避難所時，Rebellón

和Schmidt想繼續(xù)提供教育服務(wù)。)”及第四段““Ithought,‘Whydon’tweturnabusintoamobileclassroom,andwecouldtakeittoallthedifferentshelters?’”Rebellónsaid.

(“我想，’為什么我們不把一輛公共汽車變成一個移動教室，我們可以把它帶到所有不同的避難所?’”Rebellón說。)”可知，Rebellón把公共汽車改成教室是為了給孩子們提供受教育的便利。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Today,theYesWeCanWorldFoundationeducates250—300kidsadaythroughitsfourschoollocationsalongtheborderandthreemobileschoolbuses.(今天，YesWeCan世界基金會通過在邊境的四所學(xué)校和三輛流動校車，每天教育250-300名兒童。)”可推斷，theYesWeCanWorldFoundation通過在邊境的四所學(xué)校和三輛流動校車，每天教育250-300名兒童，由此帶來的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故選A。CPackagingcanplayagreaterroleinkeepingproduceandotherfoodsfresh,thereforeminimizingfoodwaste—especiallyifconsumerscanbetterunderstandthosepackagingtechnologies.That’samongthetakeawaysofresearchledbyMichiganStateUniversity(MSU)’sSchoolofPackaging,detailedinarecentlyreleasedwhitepaper.IntheUnitedStates,foodwasteinlandfillsdoubledfrom1990to2020,accordingtodatasharedbytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencythisyear.Researchersciteddatashowing40%ofthefoodsupplyiswastedeachyear,with43%ofthathappeningattheconsumerorhouseholdlevel.Ameripen,theonlyorganizationexclusivelyfocusedonUSpublicpolicyfortheentirepackagingindustry,andtheEnvironmentalResearch&EducationFoundationfundedresearchthatincludedasurveyofmorethan1,000peopleintheUnitedStates.Ameripensaiditwantedtoknowwhatrolepackagingcouldplayinreducinghouseholdfoodwasteaswellasunderstandconsumerawarenessoffoodpackaging’svalueandfunctions.Thesurveyaskedconsumersabouttheirunderstandingofpackagingformsandwillingnesstopaymoreforpackagingdesignedtoreducefoodwaste,amongotherareas.Thestudyfoundthatwholefruitsandvegetables,particularlybananasandlettuce,arethefoodsmostwastedbyhouseholds,withdairyproducts,preparedpackagedfoodsandleftoversalsocommonculprits(罪魁禍?zhǔn)?.“Half-eatenpackagedfoodproductsandfoodwithoutpackagingthatwentbadbeforeitwaseatenarethetwoprimaryreasonsforfoodwasteinAmericanhouseholds,indicatingthereisopportunityforimprovedpackagingdesigntohelpconsumerswithextendingshelflife,reuseandsize,”thewhitepaperstates.Researchersreportedthatwhileconsumers’currentunderstandingofpackagingtechnologieswas“l(fā)imited”,theyindicated“theywouldpaymoreforfoodcontainedinpackagingthatextendsfreshnessandshelflife.”“There’saneedtodesignpackagingforproducethatiscurrentlynotpackaged;thatmostoftheproduceinthisstudywaswastedisbecausethereisnopackagingatall,”MSU’sKoreyFennelsaidduringthewebinar(網(wǎng)絡(luò)研討會),alsonotingtheimportanceof“intelligentpackaging”thatcouldindicatetheshelflifeoffoodproducts.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minimizing”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Showing. B.Continuing. C.Recovering. D.Reducing.9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhesecondparagraph?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraph. B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation. D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.10.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheirstudy?A.Bymakingobservations. B.Byaskingquestions.C.Bycarryingoutexperiments. D.Byreferringtoformerstudies.11.Whatistheconsumers’attitudetopurchasingpackagedfoodaccordingtothestudy?A.Cautious. B.Unclear. C.Critical. D.Favorable.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了包裝技術(shù)在減少食物浪費(fèi)方面的重要性?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容“Packagingcanplayagreaterroleinkeepingproduceandotherfoodsfresh…(包裝在保持農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和其他食品新鮮方面可以發(fā)揮更大的作用……)”以及“foodwaste(食物浪費(fèi))”可知，包裝在保持農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和其他食品新鮮方面發(fā)揮著更大的作用，因此包裝能夠減少食物浪費(fèi)。由此可知，劃線詞與D選項“Reducing.(減少)”為同義詞。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“IntheUnitedStates,foodwasteinlandfillsdoubledfrom1990to2020,accordingtodatasharedbytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencythisyear.Researchersciteddatashowing40%ofthefoodsupplyiswastedeachyear,with43%ofthathappeningattheconsumerorhouseholdlevel.(根據(jù)美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署今年分享的數(shù)據(jù)，在美國，從1990年到2020年，垃圾填埋場的食物垃圾翻了一番。研究人員引用的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，每年有40%的食物被浪費(fèi)，其中43%發(fā)生在消費(fèi)者或家庭層面)”可知，第二段通過數(shù)據(jù)表明美國人浪費(fèi)食物，即添加一些背景信息。故選C?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thesurveyaskedconsumersabouttheirunderstandingofpackagingformsandwillingnesstopaymoreforpackagingdesignedtoreducefoodwaste,amongotherareas.(該調(diào)查詢問了消費(fèi)者對包裝形式的理解，以及他們是否愿意為減少食物浪費(fèi)的包裝支付更多費(fèi)用)”可知，研究者是通過問消費(fèi)者問題的方式進(jìn)行研究的。故選B。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Researchersreportedthatwhileconsumers’currentunderstandingofpackagingtechnologieswas“l(fā)imited”,theyindicated“theywouldpaymoreforfoodcontainedinpackagingthatextendsfreshnessandshelflife.”(研究人員報告稱，盡管消費(fèi)者目前對包裝技術(shù)的了解“有限”，但他們表示，“他們愿意花更多的錢購買包裝中能延長食品新鮮度和保質(zhì)期的食品?！?”可推知，研究中消費(fèi)者對購買帶包裝的食品持有的是肯定的態(tài)度。故選D。DNotunlikethewingsofairplanes,theblades(葉片)ofwindturbines(渦輪機(jī))needtobekeptice-freeinordertofunctionproperly.Scientistshavenowdevelopedaninexpensivemethodofusingdrones(無人機(jī))toapplyaneco-friendlyanti-icingcoating(涂層)tothoseblades.Iftoomuchicebuildsuponwindturbineblades,theywillturnmoreslowly,producinglessenergy.What’smore,ifanequalamountoficeisn’tpresentonallthreeblades,theturbine’sbalancemaybethrownoff,leadingtoincreasedwearandpossiblyevendisastrousfailure.Thereareanti-icingheatingsystemsthatcanbebuiltintotheblades,butthesemaybebeyondthefinancialmeansofmanywindfarm(風(fēng)電場)operators.Thesamecanbesaidforusinghelicopterstoapplyice-preventionchemicals.Seekingamoreeconomicalbutstilleffectivealternative,scientistsfromtwobranchesofGermany’sFraunhoferresearchgrouprecentlystartedlookingtodrones.Theresearchprojectisknownas“TURBO:Temporarycoatingbymeansofdrones—Icingprotectionofwindturbinesasacasestudy”.Inthecurrentversionoftheresultingsystem,ahexacopterdroneisequippedwithasmallpumpthatdeliversanti-icingliquid.Theliquidissprayed(噴灑)athighpressure—whichisjust0.3mmwide—producingtinydropletswithadiameterof100micrometers.Usingthissetup,thedronehassuccessfullybeenusedtoapplycoatingsofthedropletsontotheedgesofwindturbineblades,evenatwindspeedsofupto35km/h(22mph).Oncesolidified(固化/凝固),thosecoatingspreventiceformationforseveralweeksbeforeafreshcoatingisapplied.Thescientistsarenowseekingindustrypartnerstohelpcommercialize(商業(yè)化)theTURBOtechnology.Itcouldalsofinduseinthemaintenance(維護(hù))ofpowerlines,theupperlevelsoftallbuildings,orotherthingsthataredifficulttoreachbyconventionalmeans.12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Problemscausedbyicing. B.Theprocessoficeformation.C.Disastersbroughtaboutbydrones. D.Thefunctionofwindturbines.13.Whichwordcanbestdescribeanti-icingheatingsystems?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary. C.Expensive. D.Dangerous.14.WhatcanwelearnabouttheTURBOtechnologyfromthelastparagraph?A.Ithasawiderrangeofapplications.B.Itisarelativelytraditionalapproach.C.Itcansolvetheproblemonceandforall(一勞永逸).D.Itismorecostlythanusingice-preventionchemicals.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAdvantagesofUsingWindEnergyB.DronesProtectWindTurbinesFromIcingC.WindTurbinesRemoveIceonTheirOwnD.AMajorBreakthroughinDroneTechnology【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家開發(fā)了一種使用無人機(jī)為風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)葉片涂抹環(huán)保防冰涂層的方法。該方法經(jīng)濟(jì)有效，可以防止葉片結(jié)冰以保證風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)正常運(yùn)行。科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在正尋求行業(yè)合作伙伴幫助商業(yè)化該技術(shù)，該技術(shù)也可用于電力線路、高層建筑頂部或其他難以用傳統(tǒng)方式觸及的物體的維護(hù)。【12題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Iftoomuchicebuildsuponwindturbineblades,theywillturnmoreslowly,producinglessenergy.What’smore,ifanequalamountoficeisn’tpresentonallthreeblades,theturbine’sbalancemaybethrownoff,leadingtoincreasedwearandpossiblyevendisastrousfailure.(如果太多的冰積聚在風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)葉片上，它們就會轉(zhuǎn)得更慢，產(chǎn)生更少的能量。更重要的是，如果三片葉片上沒有等量的冰，渦輪機(jī)的平衡可能會被打破，導(dǎo)致磨損加劇，甚至可能出現(xiàn)災(zāi)難性的故障)”可知，本段主要介紹了風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)葉片上結(jié)冰引發(fā)的問題。故選A項?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thereareanti-icingheatingsystemsthatcanbebuiltintotheblades,butthesemaybebeyondthefinancialmeansofmanywindfarm(風(fēng)電場)operators.(可以在葉片中安裝防冰加熱系統(tǒng)，但這可能超出了許多風(fēng)電場運(yùn)營商的經(jīng)濟(jì)能力)”可知，防冰加熱系統(tǒng)太過昂貴(expensive)，許多風(fēng)電場運(yùn)營商無法承受，故。故選C項?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thescientistsarenowseekingindustrypartnerstohelpcommercialize(商業(yè)化)theTURBOtechnology.Itcouldalsofinduseinthemaintenance(維護(hù))ofpowerlines,theupperlevelsoftallbuildings,orotherthingsthataredifficulttoreachbyconventionalmeans.(科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在正在尋找行業(yè)合作伙伴，以幫助將TURBO技術(shù)商業(yè)化。它還可以用于維護(hù)電力線、高層建筑的上層，或其他傳統(tǒng)手段難以到達(dá)的地方)”可知，TURBO技術(shù)具有更廣泛的應(yīng)用范圍，還可以用于維護(hù)電力線、高層建筑的上層，或其他傳統(tǒng)手段難以到達(dá)的地方。故選A項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第段中“Notunlikethewingsofairplanes,theblades(葉片)ofwindturbines(渦輪機(jī))needtobekeptice-freeinordertofunctionproperly.Scientistshavenowdevelopedaninexpensivemethodofusingdrones(無人機(jī))toapplyaneco-friendlyanti-icingcoating(涂層)tothoseblades.(與飛機(jī)的機(jī)翼不同，風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)的葉片需要保持無冰狀態(tài)才能正常工作?？茖W(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種廉價的方法，利用無人機(jī)在這些葉片上涂上環(huán)保的防冰涂層)”可知，文章介紹了科學(xué)家開發(fā)了一種使用無人機(jī)為風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)葉片涂抹環(huán)保防冰涂層的方法。該方法經(jīng)濟(jì)有效，可以防止葉片結(jié)冰以保證風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)正常運(yùn)行。故“DronesProtectWindTurbinesFromIcing(無人機(jī)保護(hù)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)不結(jié)冰)”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分山，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Theholidayscanbeadifficulttimetostayontrackwithyourfitnessgoals.____16____.Eventhemostdisciplinedpeoplecanfinditdifficulttosticktotheirfitnessroutinesduringtheholidayseason.Herearesomeexpert-recommendedtipsthatcanhelpyoustayontrack.____17____.Planningisthebestwaytomakesureyoudon’tlosetrackofyourgoals.Planyourworkoutsfortheweekandmarktheminyourscheduletoassuretheyareapartofyourday.Exerciseearly.____18____.Makesureworkoutsareinthemorningandyou’llsetyourselfupforaproductiveday.Thenyoucanenjoyholidayactivitiesandtimewithfamilywithoutworryingaboutwhenyou’llhavetimetoexercise.Keepmoving.Researchshowsthatgettingupforjustfiveminutesevery30to60minutesandperforminglightactivitiesreducestheriskofheartdiseaseriskfactors.Smalleffortstogetmovingcanhelpyouroverallhealthduringtheholidays.Inadditiontostayingactive,trytoavoidsittingforlongperiodsoftime,suchaswhenwatchingfootballgamesoreating.____19____.Thinkoutofthebox.Theholidaysarebusy,butdoyourbesttoavoidthe“allornothing”mentalitywhenitcomestophysicalactivity.____20____—liketakingafamilywalkaroundtheneighborhoodbeforeopeningChristmaspresents.A.PlanaheadB.PlanoutyourroutebeforeyougoC.ExercisinginthemorningisoneofthebiggesttipsD.Remember:toomuchsittingisharmfultoyourhealthE.YourschedulewillbefilledwithfamilygatheringsandcelebrationsF.GetcreativewithexerciseandmakephysicalactivityafamilyaffairG.Ratherthanskippingthegymaltogether,maketimeforaquickworkout【答案】16.E17.A18.C19.D20.F【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了就算在假期很難堅持自己健身計劃時，也能幫助自己保持狀態(tài)的四個方法?！?6題詳析】前文提到“Theholidayscanbeadifficulttimetostayontrackwithyourfitnessgoals.”（假期可能是一段很難堅持健身目標(biāo)的時間。）以及后文提到“Eventhemostdisciplinedpeoplecanfinditdifficulttosticktotheirfitnessroutinesduringtheholidayseason.

”（即使是最自律的人也很難在假期堅持自己的健身計劃。）由此判斷，該段提到在假期期間堅持健身計劃很難，E項“Yourschedulewillbefilledwithfamilygatheringsandcelebrations”（你的日程表將被家庭聚會和慶?；顒犹顫M。）該項提到了假期會因?yàn)橐恍┗顒佣绊懽约旱慕∩碛媱潯Ｔ擁椃衔囊?，起到承上啟下的作用。故選E。【17題詳析】該空處需選擇段落小標(biāo)題。該段提到“Planningisthebestwaytomakesureyoudon’tlosetrackofyourgoals.”（計劃是確保你不會迷失目標(biāo)的最好方法。）該段提到如果做好計劃的話就可以保證假期內(nèi)能夠正常進(jìn)行健身鍛煉。A項“Planahead”（提前計劃）該項提到了提前做好計劃，引出后文中提前做好計劃的好處。該項符合文意，起到承上啟下的作用。故選A?！?8題詳析】該段小標(biāo)題提到“Exerciseearly”（早點(diǎn)鍛煉）以及后文提到“Makesureworkoutsareinthemorningandyou’llsetyourselfupforaproductiveday.”（確保在早上鍛煉，這樣你就會為高效的一天做好準(zhǔn)備。）由此判斷，該段提到了在早上鍛煉的好處，因此該段段首句應(yīng)該提到早上鍛煉是非常重要的。C項“Exercisinginthemorningisoneofthebiggesttips”（早上鍛煉是最重要的建議之一。）該項提到了早上鍛煉是這幾項建議中最重要的。該項符合文意，起到承上啟下的作用。故選C。【19題詳析】前文提到“Inadditiontostayingactive,trytoavoidsittingforlongperiodsoftime,suchaswhenwatchingfootballgamesoreating.”（除了保持活躍，盡量避免長時間坐著，比如在看足球比賽或吃飯的時候。）該段提到了如果要保持健身計劃的話就要避免長期坐著。D項提到“Remember:toomuchsittingisharmfultoyourhealth”（記?。壕米鴮δ愕慕】涤泻Α＃┰擁椞岬搅碎L時間坐著對于健康的傷害。該項符合文意，起到總結(jié)上文的作用。故選D。【20題詳析】前文提到“Theholidaysarebusy,butdoyourbesttoavoidthe“allornothing”mentalitywhenitcomestophysicalactivity.”（假期是忙碌的，但當(dāng)涉及到體育鍛煉時，你要盡你最大的努力避免“要么全部要么沒有”的心態(tài)。），以及后文提到“—liketakingafamilywalkaroundtheneighborhoodbeforeopeningChristmaspresents.”（比如在打開圣誕禮物前全家在附近散步。）該段提到可以抓住一切機(jī)會來進(jìn)行運(yùn)動，F(xiàn)項“Getcreativewithexerciseandmakephysicalactivityafamilyaffair”（創(chuàng)造性地鍛煉身體，讓體育活動成為一項家庭活動）該項提到哪怕只是家庭一起進(jìn)行的活動也能成為鍛煉身體的好機(jī)會，同時該項也滿足該段小標(biāo)題“Thinkoutofthebox”（跳出思維定式）的段落大意。該項符合文意，起到承上啟下的作用。故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Sarkarisananotechnologist(納米技術(shù)專家)andassistantprofessoratMIT.Sheisconductingherresearchonbraindiseasesthat____21____themindsofmillionsofpeopleworldwide.BorninKolkata,India,Sarkarcreditsbothofherparentsasearly____22____.Hercourageasaresearchercomesfromher____23____,whoasayoungwomanwentagainstsocialnorms(常態(tài))inhervillageby____24____tofundherowneducation.Meanwhile,Sarkar’sfather____25____herinterestinengineering.Sarkarrecallsherfatherfindingtimeforhis____26____,fashioningdevicestomakehomelifemore___27___,includinganelectricity-freewashingmachine.“Thatgotmevery____28____inscienceandtechnology.”Sarkarsays.After____29____abachelor’sdegreeinelectricalengineeringfromtheIndianInstituteofTechnologyDhanbad,Sarkar_____30_____Californiatostudynanoclectronics.There,shetestednewwaysto_____31_____nanodevicesthatcouldreducetheamountof_____32_____consumedbycomputersandothereverydayelectronics._____33_____,shemadeabreakthroughbydevelopingastandoutnanodevice.Alongtheway,Sarkarbecamefascinatedwiththe_____34_____,whichshecalls“thelowestenergycomputer”.Shehopestoputnanodevicesbetweenhumanneurons(神經(jīng)細(xì)胞)toimprovethecomputingspeedoftheprocessorinourbrains.“Ourbrainsare_____35_____,butwecouldbebetterthanwhatweare.”shesays.21.A.enrich B.read C.affect D.poison22.A.birds B.researchers C.failures D.inspirations23.A.aunt B.mother C.sister D.grandmother24.A.working B.pretending C.refusing D.waiting25.A.protected B.switched C.stimulated D.supported26.A.job B.holiday C.discomfort D.passion27.A.complex B.convenient C.peaceful D.meaningful28.A.interested B.honest C.lucky D.disappointed29.A.starting B.carning C.needing D.introducing30.A.adaptedto B.relatedto C.headedto D.belongedto31.A.create B.fix C.operate D.sell32.A.water B.money C.power D.time33.A.Unfortunately B.Immediately C.Obviously D.Eventually34.A.computer B.brain C.exercise D.fashion35.A.empty B.busy C.relaxed D.remarkable【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.C26.D27.B28.A29.B30.C31.A32.C33.D34.B35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹的是納米技術(shù)專家薩卡爾的成長經(jīng)歷以及所取得的成就?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她正在研究影響全世界數(shù)百萬人思想的腦部疾病。A.enrich使豐富；B.read閱讀；C.affect影響；D.poison毒害。根據(jù)常識和下文中的“Shehopestoputnanodevicesbetweenhumanneurons(神經(jīng)細(xì)胞)toimprovethecomputingspeedoftheprocessorinourbrains.”可知，她希望把納米裝置放在人類神經(jīng)元之間，以提高我們大腦處理器的計算速度，由此可推斷，她現(xiàn)在從事的研究應(yīng)該會“影響”全世界數(shù)百萬人思維的大腦疾病。故選C項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：薩卡爾出生于印度加爾各答，她認(rèn)為父母是她早年的靈感來源。A.birds鳥；B.researchers研究者；C.failures失敗；D.inspirations靈感。根據(jù)下文中的“Hercourageasaresearchercomesfromher________,whoasayoungwomanwentagainstsocialnorms(常態(tài))inhervillageby________tofundherowneducation.”以及“Meanwhile,Sarkar’sfather________herinterestinengineering.”可知，她母親打破常規(guī)為她提供教育基金，而她的父親讓她對工程學(xué)產(chǎn)生興趣，由此可推斷，此處指的是她認(rèn)為她早年的“靈感”源自于父母。故選D項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她作為研究人員的勇氣來自于她的母親，她年輕時違背了她所在村莊的社會規(guī)范，努力為自己的教育提供資金。A.aunt姑媽；B.mother母親；C.sister姐妹；D.grandmother祖母。根據(jù)上文中的“BorninKolkata,India,Sarkarcreditsbothofherparentsasearly________.”可知，她認(rèn)為她早年的靈感源自于父母，結(jié)合下文中的“whoasayoungwomanwentagainstsocialnorms(常態(tài))inhervillageby________tofundherowneducation.”可知，此處介紹的是意為女性，由此可知，此處指的是她作為研究人員的勇氣來與她的“母親”符合語境。故選B項。【24題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她作為研究人員的勇氣來自于她的母親，她年輕時違背了她所在村莊的社會規(guī)范，努力為自己的教育提供資金。A.working工作；B.pretending假裝；C.refusing拒絕；D.waiting等待。根據(jù)下文中的“tofundherowneducation.”可知，母親要為她獲取教育基金，所以此處指的是“工作”符合語境。故選A項?！?5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時，薩卡爾的父親激發(fā)了她對工程學(xué)的興趣。A.protected保護(hù)；B.switched改變，轉(zhuǎn)變；C.stimulated刺激；D.supported支持。根據(jù)上文中的“BorninKolkata,India,Sarkarcreditsbothofherparentsasearly________.”可知，她認(rèn)為她早年的靈感源自于父母，所以此處應(yīng)指的是她的父親“激發(fā)”了她對工程學(xué)的興趣。故選C項?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：薩卡爾回憶說，她的父親為自己的愛好騰出時間，設(shè)計各種設(shè)備，使家庭生活更方便，包括一臺無電洗衣機(jī)。